Human Geography Research
Year:2014 | Volume:45 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Currently, many efforts to improve the guidance and control of the urban transformation, has remained inconclusive. The complexity of urban spatial structure prevents the implementation of many attempts to analyze the communication between the city and the city's policy. Along with the increase in urban population, the structure and form in the cities and towns spread changes has emerged. Content expressed by the authors was decided to investigate the spatial structure of a new City in Pardis, and adjusting strategies to improve the spatial structure of urban problems that provider.Theories about the spatial structure of the city mainly reflect the order of spatial structures in areas. Basically, the Theories of urban structure, focus on physical features and functional space settlements, and create a framework for land use and order of urban elements and Ingredients. Urban spatial structure is conclusion of historical, economic, social processes and political change. Urban spatial structure, composed manner consistent over the elements of nature and how to establish the connection between them with a certain degree of discipline and functional capacity will be organized.

Introduction: For more than four decades, sociologists, politicians, economists and geographers have used a wide variety of statistical techniques to analyze and measure Quality of Life of individuals and communities. This was with the aim to obtain useful instruments for social, political and economic decision making. Quality of urban life has become an important field within urban studies. The increased level of attention to this topic is due to the increasing importance of Quality of Life studies in monitoring public policies and also due to the role they can play as effective tools in urban management and planning. In addition to development of Quality of Life indicators, geographers seek to identify and understand the geographical patterns of urban Quality of life indicators in relation to the processes that give rise to those patterns. Urban QoL is usually measured by either subjective indicators using surveys of residents’ perceptions, evaluations and satisfaction with urban living or by objective indicators using secondary data and relative weights for objective indicators of the urban environment. This paper relying on the objective approach in study of Quality of life and also using principal component analysis method is developing the Quality of life index in Tehran city.

Introduction: Spatial structure of population is an important issue in regional studies. Iran population has unbalanced and unsuitable distribution. In some places population is dense and in some other areas it is sparse. The unbalanced and disproportional distribution can be attributed to various factors that can be divided into a variety of categories such as natural, economic, social, political, historical, cultural and etc. Development of car industries and promotion of trade, construction and development of rural areas and new towns in different ways has a new era of development and population displacement. Influx of rural migrants to urban areas and concentration of population in cities and small towns led to numerous inconsistencies in the distribution of population in Iran. The high population growth in one hand and the implications and consequences of large population on the other hand are important factors influencing population-based studies and population movements in the geographical areas.In this study, an attempt has been made to study the geographical areas with population change and effective factors. The consequences of this change are analyzed. The questions considered in this study are as follows:1. Are crucial demographic factors such as population growth and the youth literacy rate in terms of active population and employment rates various in different areas?2. Is the process of migration in recent decades influencing environmental policies and planning?Could the current trend of population distribution in different regions lead to an increase in the gap between wealthy and deprived areas?

Introduction: Among various types of rural tourism, one of the most important types is second home tourism. This article is going to analyse the effects of development of second homes as a consequence of tourism development in rural areas of Eastern Bandpay villages, one of the township of Babol countryside. Despite the growth of Second Home Tourism (SHT) in North of Iran, particularly over the past 2 decades, there are a few researchs about the nature of such effects. The main approach of the article is sustainable developmeant of tourism. It focuses on assessment of economic and social effects of tourism on the area. These include both negative and positive effects.

Introduction: Rural tourism in Qom province – that have special feature of religious tourism - the may seem an unusual phenomenon. But the province with 93.88 percent of urbanization, after Tehran province has the second rank It is as a metropolis with 6 percent growth that has urbanization problems including traffic and air pollution and marginalized and informal settlements where may affect rural tourism. Kahak District of Qom province has villa villages (Vashnoveh, Karmejegan and Fordo) for tourism purposes. The present paper survey method is a library and field studies, with regard to participants views in three groups (tourists, officials, families living in). We first determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in rural parts of Kahak (Vashnoveh, Karmejegan and Fordo) for Rural Tourism by the SWOT method. Tourism development strategy has provided the target villages. Community households in the survey included 874 residents, more than 1000 tourists and 25 persons are responsible for tourism in the area. Sampling method of Cochrane helped select 267 people and 306 rural residents and 25 tourists as statistical population. Research findings indicate a lack of necessary infrastructure including residential locations, catering, recreation and tourism development in the field of management of weaknesses. Review and analysis of the results from increasing environmental damage due to inadequate infrastructure and poor agents to invest in this sector for the use of positive effects in promoting rural tourism is a tale of rural development.

Introduction: According to the teachings of Islam, jurists and scholars are providing a global picture of the transnational system which is clearly different from the current political system evolved since the Westphalia treaty. The first feature of such a system is to ignore the national government and the states territory. Islam recognizes the ideological borders and a nation state based on ideas or principles that leads to mutual coherence and unity among Muslims. According to these intelligentsia, dispersion and scattering in Muslim world, is the result of the direct manipulation of the imperialist powers that divided it into diverse nation states. Therefore, the thinking trend towards the third world among major decision makers of Islamic republic of Iran and the efforts for uniting such various and scattered block are due to the religious insights of decision makers and the historical experience of imperial power in the Islamic world.

Introduction: By hearing the name of desert, more than anything else, cruel, coarse and dry environment is imagined. In the general approach, desert is known as an ecosystem with water scarcity, rare of plant cover and sand covered areas. The opposite of this approach rises from a systematic approach to the desert landscape which involves high potential of desert with special socio-economic conditions and eco-geomorphic landforms. In the cultural perspective, the deserts are cradle of prophets of Allah. Revelation voice has been received by messengers in the sand dunes, desert caves and dust storms. So, deserts are natural-cultural heritages for each land. In this article, the capability of desert as a great source for ecotourism activities which leads to sustainable development of these environments has been reviewed. In order to analyze the data, indicators of economic, environmental and social have been recognized using expert opinion. Factor analysis was used for interpreting the data. The results of the factor analysis showed that five factors contribute to the development, physical development, environmental awareness, population growth and rising land prices.

Introduction: Park-Bazaar is a new phenomenon in the field of City and Urban Planning. In this phenomenon, commercial spaces are located within a larger collection that consists of park and special green space. Langeroud's Park-Bazaar is located on the edge of this city, in Guilan province. In this collection, in addition to the daily activities of business units, there is a special market called "Friday Park-Bazaar" every week on Friday. This study is carried out by descriptive- analytical method. Information required for this study has exploited from field surveys and interviews with sellers and customers of Friday Park-Bazaar and traditional markets. This research attempts to answer the following questions: What are similarities and differences between Friday Park-Bazaar and traditional markets?, What is the relationship between people satisfaction of traditional markets and the times they visit Friday Park-Bazaar?

Introduction: While forms of cities in Iran have been transformed from traditional structure into modern one, in the same line, the urban elements including squares changed and appeared in a totally new characteristic. Traditional squares in Iran have normally been vast open spaces enclosed with public traditional uses such as public baths, cisterns, mosques, bazars, palaces and governmental buildings. All of these squares have coherently been articulated with the city fabric for people. Since the first Pahlavi, urban fabric of Tehran, and accordingly its squares, has changed specifically for using cars or applying new modern infrastructures. Thus, from this time on in Tehran, two types of development overlays each other: The traditional layer consisting of organic and narrow roads and the modern layer with orthogonal and grid roads. To some extent, the same prototype has been followed in other big or small cities and settlements.The roundabouts or so-called modern squares emerged at the intersection of road networks across the cities. Therefore, the main usage and scale of these squares was defined for vehicular transportation. Around this new urban element at the crossroads some modern functions were emerged: municipality, post and telegraph office, hotels, banks, national police office, county authorities and province governor buildings which all were, less or more, relevant to the governmental uses. In the middle of the squares itself there was regularly either a statue of the first Pahlavi or any other urban landmark.

Introduction: Regarding only physical aspects by engineering approach, regardless of social and economic values and goals, made philosophy of cities as a place to live faced with serious doubts. There are criticisms against this type of planning that focuses on the goals and values. Prevalent thinking about "livable city" has made a major revision of the goals and methods of planning and alternative thinking to deal with this phenomenon. This is because of profound changes in contemporary urban areas such as changes in housing styles, leisure, communication, etc. In the past half century, there were changes in decision-making procedures and policies in urban planning from the foundation. No way is left except a fundamental reconsideration of the content and methods of rational planning. Therefore, city has an index of human life in the form of structured and methodical. Humans interact with their environment, such as containerized within the urban environment. This interaction requires the provision of basic aspects of life in order to make a sustainable living environment in the city. Such a change in the attitude of urban life led to new concepts in the literature of urban planning. Following this process, the concept of quality of life was stated for the first time in 1966 in a book titled "Social Indicators" by Raymond Bauer. Since of quality of life is a multifaceted concept, partially influenced by time and individual and social values, it includes objective and external, conceptual and internal aspects. Each of the studies has focused on aspects of quality of life. In previous studies, it is one of the components of less interest in the effects of social capital on quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to analyze quality of life and effectiveness of social capital theory. In Other words, this study has tried to analyze the effects of social capital on quality of life of citizens. In other words, the main question is, therefore, whether is there any differences between social capital and quality of life in neighborhoods of Miyandoab? What is the connection there?

Introduction: During the recent decades unorganized and informal settlement neighborhoods gradually developed on the fringes of large cities. They formed outside of the official program of urban development. This phenomenon in urban studies is considered as one of the urban injuries. Informal settlements are mainly concomitant with informal occupancy of land and housing, lack of rules, formal and conventional regulations of construction, shortages infacilities and equipment and urban infrastructural services, fast physical and demographic growth, dominant informal employment, structural and infrastructural instability, low services per capita, income instability and ultimately physical grounds for growth of social damages and formation of deviate subcultures and providing shelter for offenders.

Introduction: One of the most important consequences of social developments in the second half of the past century is expansion of urbanization. The accelerated development of urbanization has been associated with different consequences and numerous urban pathologies. One phenomenon appeared in parallel to   the rushed urbanization was the expansion of marginalization, which has been overgrown around the big cities. Marginalization, in Iran, in the past years has created social, economical, cultural, security and environmental problems in the metropolitans. It has unprecedentedly caused a plenty of crimes and delinquency, in particular the domestic violence against children and women in poor areas and lower classes of society due to economical and cultural issues as well as housing conditions and other factors. These social harms are continually increasing in such areas.