Human Geography Research
Year:2009 | Volume:- | Issue:68|Papers Count:8

In this paper at first, the theoretical bases and the basic concepts are briefly reviewed. Then various structural and urban planning indices, which can be used for analytical modeling of the seismic vulnerability of urban environments, are introduced and discussed. To apply the analytical model to district number Ten of Tehran metropolis, as the case study, regarding the large number of involved indices, a SDSS model has been used as a problem solving technique is used, which is a combination of Delphi and AHP in a GIS environment. For vulnerability evaluation, at first the structural vulnerability of each building is estimated based on the corresponding indices, and then the effect of urban conditions is taken into account as an amplifying factor using the corresponding urban indices. By using the results of analyses in a scenario based vulnerability evaluation procedure, the priority level of various parts of the district for implementation of preventing measures are obtained. Flexibility of the proposed analytical model makes it usable for urban settings, without any limitation.

Informal habitation is one of the undesirable consequences of urbanization in contemporary world and is especially encouraged by hasty industrialization and regional inequalities. This problem has caused many other problems in Iranian cities, particularly the bigger ones. While studying informal habitation and formation of informal settlements in Ahvaz City (Manba-e-Ab district), this Articles offers some guidelines to organize and improve this condition. After studying the necessary variants contained in the questionnaires completed by 250 heads of family residing in informal settlements of Manba-e-Ab district, it is argued that the cause of this problematic phenomenon is rapid industrialization of Ahvaz city and uncontrolled immigration on one side, and financial problems, absence of unified and coordinated management in solving financial problems and also the absence of unified and coordinated management of immigration and settlement issues on the other side. Data analysis carried out by factor analysis method and the use of "SPSS" software load the social indicators as the first priority, managerial indicators as the second priority, servicing indicators as the third and the fourth priorities, anatomical indictors as the fifth and sixth priorities, economic indicators as the seventh priority and environmental indicators as the eighth priority for organization improvement of Manba-e-Ab district. At the end, proportionate to the research findings, appropriate strategies are proposed.

The cultural geographers study cultural transformations and their roles in making cultural (human) landscapes and spaces with emphasis on principles and elements of geography. In this study, cultural geography of city means the investigation cultural changes on five key concepts: cultural region, cultural diffusion, and cultural ecology, cultural interweave and cultural landscape in the urban spaces. Cultural transformation means the thought, approach and behavior changes of citizens, which has important effects on the urban appearance. Cities as administrative-political, socioeconomic and cultural centers in countries are focal points of the most changes, especially cultural ones. This study has chosen 1st and 12th regions of Tehran city so that it has study and test thesis. The results of research show that spatial and cultural morphology of Tehran city and these regions are effects of two main factors: modernism in technology of communications; changes of welfare level and socioeconomic status of citizens on the urban structure.

Urban system is an agglomeration of towns and cities related together and created structure of urban settlements in a region or a country. One of the most aspects of urban system is spatial distribution of population. Whereas, spatial distribution in the urban system is affected by different factors and also it can affect socio-economical and management factors; so it is required to study more exactly. Studies show that in Iran in 1279 Hijri, urban system has had homogenity and it has continued to 1335, but after this decade, relationship between rural, towns and cities disrupted and inequality increased. In the present paper, several quantities models like urban primacy, concentration, and equality models used to study change trend of urban system from 1335 to 1385 hijri and to evaluate effects of applied policies for balance. Concluded results show that inequality and unbalance increased in spatial distribution of population in Iran urban system until 1335. But after this decade up to now, equality in spatial distribution is increasing and urban system going to appropriate and balanced form.

Participatory development is insistence with planners in direction of "with and for people" planning. Strategic planning is one of the suitable method for reaching targets and visions that drawing in future viewpoint, too. In this research local and participatory development in framework of strategic planning with reliance on SWOT analysis is a base, because of target about economical level promotion of local society. On this basis, with formation of 16 Focus Groups Discussion (FGD) in four rural district in 10 month, efforts to making use of total ability of region about organization, natural, individual and social aspect in basis of Strategic planning. Briefly, beside suitable approach for vision, the findings show that the targets are achieved through productive activities and projects.

As justice is one of the Islamic principal beliefs and the Islamic Republic of Iran claims obeying them, it is relevant to investigate how much these principals are regarded in implementing urban plans in Iran. This study helps to make better understanding of coincidence of professional urban planning by not only scientific findings but also by one of the Islamic principals in Iran. In this paper, the variable of "dealing with ownership rights", in implementing urban plans consider as representative variable of justice. The new plan of Shohada square in Mashhad, the second largest city of Iran (after Tehran) is implementing in the area of 23 hectares by the investment of 250 million US dollars is considered as a case study. In gathering information, field study method is used, and some of the official documents are reviewed. These documents are related to land acquisition process. These documents consist of some complaint letters from land owners and the responses from executive management of the project. The documents were analyzed according to the content analysis method. According to acquisition process, the justice is ignored, because the condition of local residents is not going to be better if it not become worse. It seems that the major problem is the unsuitable current laws. This article is trying to evaluate the relevant laws and suggest some amendments to guarantee the land owners participation in planning and implementing process.

Determining influenced areas and the level of services provided by Extension and Services Centers of Agriculture are pre-conditions for any extension planning at local level. Therefore the main objective of this study is determining the influenced areas and identifying uncovered regions of Extension and Services Centers of Agriculture in Isfahan Province to find out the eligible areas for establishing new extension centers. Thus, apart from GIS techniques, statistical methods such as Location Quotient have also been used. Results of the study reveals that the distance covered by educational services (23Km.) Is less than the distance covered by administerial services (34Km.) and that of inputs distribution areas (36 Km.). The results also show that the settlements located in the distance of less than 10Km. from services centers in plain areas, and less than 8Km. distance from services centers in hilly areas, were located in first level of sphere of influence and had monthly enjoyed from one of the center's program. The second level of sphere of influence was till 20Km. in plain areas and 16Km. in hilly ones, and the villages located in this radius had seasonally enjoyed from one of the center's services. The third level of sphere of influence was till 30Km. in plain and 24Km. from services centers in hilly areas, and the period of delivery services in this radius was more than 3 months. The results of the study show that uncovered villages are located in the center, north and east of the mentioned province.

One of the most important results of accelerative urbanization is the ever expanding cities and their surrounding areas, swelling villages and agricultural lands, that is noticeable in regional metropolitan. This phenomenon has been dominant in Iran thorough the last recent decades. Sanandaj City as a regional metropolitan has increased expedites in population and plan in current three decades. Continuous sprawl in this city has merged eight villages with all of their agricultural lands in the city. Moreover discontinue sprwal in this city caused to Protuberance population and extend of surrounding villages. Among the surrounding villages two of them, Naisar and Hassanabad with most population are selected as the case study. Method on this Research is based on more documentary and field study of household and filling questionnaire, identifying past and present land use... . Results of this research shows that accessability of these two villages has been the main cause of population increase become of migration. Access to services of employment apportunities in Sanandaj have be the reasons for new immigrant to settle in these two villages. In another word, Naisar and Hassanabad have served as absorption point of extra population of Sanandaj city and this has resulted in massive changes in land use and physical developments.