Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Introduction: upper extremity lymph edema is the most common side effect of breast cancer treatment. Lymph edema may be associated with pain, physical and emotional disorder, impairment of activities of daily living and lower quality of life. The aim of this study was assessment of the effect of Complex Decongestive Therapy on upper extremity lymph edema and quality of life in women with post mastectomy lymph edema.Methods: In this research with before- after design, 36 women with moderate lymph edema after breast surgery participated in the program. Edema volume was measured by water displacement method and quality of life was evaluated by SF-36 questionnaire. Data were recorded before intervention and 2 and 4 weeks after it. Patients received CDT in two intensive and maintenance phases. Each phase lasts 2 weeks. After use of Shapiro Wilk test, another analysis of variances with repeated measurement and t-paired methods were used to analyze the data.Results: After one month performing Complex Decongestive Therapy program, significant decrease of edema was noticed (p<0.0001), quality of life also improved during 2 and 4 weeks after intervention (p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that Complex Decongestive Therapy program is effective in reducing lymph edema volume and improving overall quality of life in women with moderate post breast surgery lymph edema. It seems that increasing patients' awareness and training health practitioners regarding lymph edema controlling methods have important role in earlier and better combating with this complication.

Introduction: Obesity through production of estrogen and Adipokines is risk factor for breast cancer. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on serum Adiponectin and estradiol levels in women with breast cancer.Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental study. To do this, fifty patients with breast cancer at stage 2 from Kerman with mean of 51.16 year, weight 72.48 kg and height 157.74 cm that chemotherapy courses were completed, randomly divided into two groups: training (n = 30) and control (n = 20). Training group performed endurance training for 8 weeks with intensity between 40 to 55 percent of target heart rate. Before and after the exercise protocol, blood samples were taken from both groups and serum levels of Adiponectin and estradiol were measured by ELISA via a Boster kit.Results: Present study results showed Significant decreased in serum levels of estradiol (F=14.71 P=0.001) and significant increase in serum levels of Adiponectin (F=8.85 P=0.005) in the experimental group after 8 weeks aerobic training compare to control group. Conclusion: Decreased estradiol without medical intervention that is aim of hormone therapy in breast cancer patients can show a positive effect of physical activity. It seems that Adiponectin is involved in decrease of estradiol levels through inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Considering the findings, regular aerobic training is recommended for patients with breast cancer.

Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor in postmenopausal breast cancer risk. On the other hand, aerobic training without diet restriction can decrease the obesity indexes. We conducted a comprehensive search and found that there is not any log-term study in this area in Iran on postmenopausal women. So we aimed at investigating the effect of 6 months aerobic training on anthropometric measures in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. The study Participants were 50 to 74 year-old, sedentary and postmenopausal women that randomly allocated to exercise or control group. Participants in intervention group engaged in aerobic exercise for 3 days per week for 6months, at 70-80% of maximum heart rate. A sub maximal exercise test and anthropometric measures (including body fat percentage, height, weight, and BMI) were performed at baseline and after 6-months. To assess the mean differences we used independent-sample T test.Results: We had 41 women (19 in control and 22 in exercise group) at baseline and 27 women at 6 months (14 in control group and 13 in exercise group). Average age of participants was 54.5±5.8 and average BMI of them was 27.9±3.2. Average adherence level of participant to exercise intervention was 66.4%. There were no significant differences between Intervention and control group at baseline characteristics. Maximal oxygen consumption increased 17.1% in intervention group and decreased 4.6% in control group from baseline to 6monthsand the difference between them was statistically significant (p value=0.001). Percent of body fat decreased 2.1% and 0.4% in intervention and control group respectively (p value=0.08). BMI decreased 1.2% in intervention group and increased 1.4% in control group and the difference was statistically significant (p value=0.004).Conclusion: long-term moderate aerobic training was associated with decreased body fat percentage and body mass index and improved cardio respiratory fitness. So, aerobic exercise training could reduce the breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women through decreased body fat indexes.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in women. Timely diagnosis of cancer can increase the chances of a patient’s life expectancy. Artificial Neural Networks are the modern methods of modeling and forecasting. The purpose of this study is diagnosing benignity or malignancy of breast cancer tumors. For this purpose a support decision system (DSS) based on PNN designed.Methods: In this research, a PNN was devised which, based on input variables, helps predict the type of breast cancers. The proposed system relied on the available data of 699 cases of patients with breast cancer that were stored in UCI Machine Learning Repository. The existing data in the reservoir were preprocessed and the data were then normalized through the linear method. To implement the network, the applications and functions in Matlab were used, and 65% of the data were used for the network training phase, whereas the remaining 35% were used for network testing phase. Nine clinical variables were considered as the network inputs. Criteria for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to evaluate the test phase of the network.Results: After the DSS simulation using PNN, the parameters of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were found by the system to be 1, 0.98, and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed PNN performance in the detection of breast cancer better and stronger than other artificial neural networks. The network implementation in this article has more speed in training phase, and generalization is better than similar research.

Introduction: The temprture of human body can be indicative of a nutrual basis to detect some diseases. applying Thermal imaging (thermography) through the infrared method is a fast, noninvasive, non-contact Rapid, non-invasive, non-contact and flexible method for monitoring body temperature. The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of thermal imaging in the detection some diseases of the breast tissue.Methods: This study has adopted cross-sectional research methodology, that it applied non contact infrared camera INFREC R500 for evaluating the capabilities of thermography. The Study was conducted on 60 patients suspected of breast tissue disease, which were referred to Imam Khomeini Imaging Center. Information obtained from the questionnaires and the performed Clinical examinations along with the obtained Diagnostic results from ultrasound images, biopsies and thermography, were analyzed by the respective experts.Results: The analysis of the results indicated that the use of Thermography along with the asymmetry technique is useful in identifying hypoechoic, and cystic masses. It should be noted that the patient should not sufferer from breast discharge. The Accuracy of asymmetry technique identification is respectively 91.89% and 92.30% Also Accuracy of exact location identification is on the 61.53% and 75%.it Is also effective on identifying heterogeneous mass, fibroadenoma, and intra-ductal masses. But it is unable to identify isoeqo and calcified mass.Conclusion: According to the results of the investigation, Thermography is useful in the initial screening and Supplementation of diagnostic procedures duo its safety (its non-radiation property), low cast and the exact recognition of diseases of the breast tissue.

Introduction: One of the most important tumor markers in determining the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer is expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Also Ki67 biomarker (mitosis indicator) represents growth rate and tumor proliferation. Grade is a determining factor in prognosis and tumor behavior and lymph node involvement is an important predictive factor for invasive breast cancer. Therefore the purpose of this paper is immunohistochemical assessment of ER and PR in breast cancer patients and its relation with proliferation and tumor grade.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, one hundred and eighty four breast cancer patients were chosen from Shahid sadoughi hospital in 2011-2013. Immunohistochemistry technique was used for assessment of expression of ER, PR and tumor proliferation (Ki67). Statistical analysis was performed using pearson, tau-kendall and linear regression test. Results: In this study, average amount of ER, PR, Ki67 were respectively 69.16± 18.63, 58.32 ± 12.2 and 26.32±18.63٪ in breast cancer patients. There was inverse relation between ER and PR with grade (P<0.05), but there was no relation between ER and PR with cell proliferation and age (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and cell proliferation is different in tissue tumors of breast cancer patients. Also high expression of steroid receptors was associated with low grade of tumors in breast cancer patients.