Roshd-e-Fanavari
Year:2008 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:7

Transfer of technology plays a pivotal role in the industrialization of developing countries. The challenge faced by these countries is the non-avail of Transfer of Technology (ToT) model that can depict the technology transfer process by involving the internal and external factors. As the technology assessment and selection is the main process in ToT, so this paper focuses on this area and propose two approaches for development of a ToT model. Also existing analytical approaches to technology evaluation  and  selection,  such  as  engineering-economic  analysis, cost  benefit  analysis  and optimization techniques have limited  applicability due to imprecise and non-quantifiable evaluation of variable and factors. This paper proposes approaches to assess technology on both quantitative and qualitative bases simultaneously, involving all internal and external factors (forces) that affect the en- tire ToT process.

Today's, patent information is known as the most important resource of technical and technological information. Analysis of patent information generates valuable knowledge in different fields and many of managers and researchers can use it. In many developed countries, using patent analysis, as an analytical tool, is an ordinary task in research environments. In this paper, at first the author attempts to describe the attributes and the structure of patent information and secondly, the application of patent analysis is described. Finally, the necessity of patent analysis is discussed.

So far, many methods and approaches are introduced and used for technology valuation. Some of these methods use complicated mathematical computations, named quantitative methods, to identify value of technology while qualitative methods are less based on these computations. This article is a review of concepts and methods in technology valuation. So explanation of qualitative methods such as econometric models, brain storming or Delphi method is avoided. All of the contents are explained in two parts. The first part of the article talks about some primary concepts in technology valuation and the second one introduces the most important and well-known methods and analyses them to some extant, respectively.

One of the most important challenges in acceptance and implementing Knowledge management philosophy in knowledge based and technological organizations is to answer some questions such as: "what is the rate of Return on Investment (ROI)?" , "how can we calculate it?" and "What are consultant and education costs for establishing new managerial and organizational structures?" In this article some of financial aspects of knowledge management including ROI calculations and time value of knowledge will be discussed. Also costs of establishing and developing information infrastructures, overhead costs, tangible and intangible costs and assets and investing methods in new technologies will be considered.

The national development is based on technological growth. Technological growth is based on innovation, and innovation is based on technical invention. The fundamental research is the origin of Technical invention. In other words, it is a new product or new technical method. Technical inventions are accepted that play an important role in growth, development and welfare of Society. In fact, technical invention will be realized by commercialization and help to infrastructures of society. Other innovations are figurative or even only an instrument for propaganda. The theories and innovation rules are to create social rules, and will be finished to the development based knowledge. Innovation is a base for social and cultural development.

Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This problem is even more extreme about the tenants in incubators and preincubator stage seeds, because companies and seed firms in incubators are truly vulnerable against mismanagement, and this problem would cause failure more than any other time. Taking nice management style during preincubation and incubation period, not only prevents from death of the company, but also increase probability of success, because the success of organization is depend on their successful passage from different levels and stages. In this paper, the types of management styles and mismanagement are carefully dealt with, and regarding position of the pre-incubation seeds and tenants in incubators over the life cycle of the organizations, different types of management including improper styles which can affect the organization trend of management are introduced also for a successful passage from pre-incubation to incubation regarding the management style of organization in pre-incubation, we suggested a management style effective for organization during the incubation period.

Knowledge management as an academic discipline evolved from the thinking of experts such as Peter Drucker in the 1970s, Karl- Erik Sveiby in the late 1980s, and Nonaka and Takeuchi in the 1990s. This paper places Knowledge Management in a historical perspective, frames some of the key technologies and approaches to it, and highlights some of the new opportunities within Knowledge Management. If managers ignore the importance of strategies of knowledge management, their organization will not succeed.