PLANT AND ECOSYSTEM
Year:2008 | Volume:4 | Issue:15|Papers Count:8

In this study the qualitative and quantitative ecological parameters of dominant plants in the Mouteh wildlife refuge have analyzed. Mouteh Wildlife Refuge, a 200879 Ha reserve, is located in the northwest of Isfahan province.Regional plant species in two vegetative seasons collected, dried and pressed in 1382 and have recognized by using reliable references of flora.The qualitative parameters (frequency, and relative frequency, cover and relative cover) importance value and index of importance have measured. Life forms of each plant of region recognized by using of Raunkiaer method qualitatively and then regional biological spectrum have determined.According to this study in the mouteh wild life region %39 dominant plant species recognized that belong to 14 families and 29 genera. Chenopodiaceae %22 (9 species), Asteraceae %14 (6 species) and Poaceae %10 (species) have the most species richness in the region.Chameophyte plants %42 and hemicryptophyte %39 were the most abundant life forms of region.Besides phanerophyte %12, geophytes %5, terophyte %2 were the other life forms of region. %94 regional species belong to the Irano-Torani elements and Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia aucheri in the plant combination of region have the most importance.

To determine the frequency of flowering, viable seed production and other phonological phenomena of Zhumeria majdae under various site conditons (elevation and latitude) about 20 shrubs, of mature age and with the well developed crown were selected. The site was Geno mountain (675 m above sea level). The beginning of vegetative growth was 3-20 February. The starting of generative growth was 11-27 March and the beninning of seed falling was 4-22 May. The results showed that the phonological stages of Zhumeria majdae varies in Geno mountain.

In tourism natural attractions have gotten double value in tourism. In this case, one kind is “ecotourism” or natural tourism. This industry plays a key role in driving cultural, economic and social objectives of countries.Unfortunately, despite geographical position and climate variety in Iran, the country maintains a low share in this prosperous market.The role of forms and processes of climate in developing tourism, especially geomorphic in dry region, have not considerably regarded.Kashan, has historical and ancient works and have gotten very beautiful landscapes of deserts formation (including different forms of wind erosion), ghanats and regional virgin desert, flora and fon, beautiful and full of stars sky in desert.It has been tried to study and introduce ecotourism attractions of kashan and geomorphic phenomona of the region which can interplay in developing tourism and ecotourism and were identified the tourism region by using makhdoum`s model & GIS soft studied using these potentials to develop the region and nation.

The Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) are the important agricultural pests that cause sever damage to the crops. Regarading the pentatomids' importance as the key pests, and un-lack of knowledge of these insects in Central and Eastern Mazandaran, several samplings were conducted in different regions through 2003-2006. this research, 44 species of 28 genera were collected and determined as the fauna of Central and Eastern Mazandaran. Totally, over than 60 host plants especially pasturage plants and weeds were identified for the pentatomids of this study. Also, the dominant species of different parasitoids and predators of this region were collected and identified as the powerful and efficient natural enemies of the pests.

In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) rate on the grain protein content and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a greenhouse experiment was conducted using a factorial in completely randomized design, in three replications. In this study, two cultivars (Pishtaz: C1 and Sepahan: C2) and six nitrogen rates (N1: 0, N2: 30, N3: 60, N4: 90, N5: 120 and N6: 150 mg N/Kg) were studied. Results showed that the grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield increased significantly with increasing N fertilizer. However, there were significant reduction in NUE, N Agronomic Efficiency (NAE) and N Physiologic Efficiency (NPE) by increasing amount of N fertilizer. Pishtaz showed a higher grain yield compared to Sepahan but the protein content of Sepahan was more than Pishtaz cultivar.Also, the highest level of grain protein content that was produce in this study was in N6C2 with 10.65 protein percentage.

To study ‏ the Effect of Zeolite on agronomical characteristics of two rapeseed cultivars under drought stress, an experiment was conducted on factorial form in Randomized Compelete Blocks Design with three replication and on crop year 85-86, in the field of Research, Breeding and producing of seed and plants Institute of Karaj. The factors consist of: Irrigation in two levels including normal irrigation (irrigation on the basis of 80 ml evaporation from the A class evaporation pan), cutting irrigation from flowering stage, Zeolite in two levels including non-application and application ‏ 10 T/ha and cultivar in two levels including Zarfam and Okapi.The studied characters ‏ included ‏ : The number of siliques in plant, silique length, the number of seed in silique, the weight of 1000 grains, seed yield, oil seed percentage and oil seed yield. The results showed that most of the simple effects of application of zeolite caused significant preference for all mentioned characters rather than non-application. The results also indicated that the most of interaction effects of application of zeolite caused significant preference for all mentioned characters rather than non-application.

In order to study the effect of micro and macro elements on deficit irrigation on quality characteristics in genotype of Zea mays (KSC704) a study was conducted in a Split plot design in randomized Complete blocks design with three replication, at a research farm on college of Agriculture, Varamin branch, in 2007. In this study the main factor was irrigation levels (3methods).1-Normal irrigation 2-one row irrigation and one row no irrigation (Circulating).3-one row irrigation and one row no irrigation (Fixed). Sub plots consisted of five fertilizer treatment.1-Control (N, P) 2-Control+Potas. 3-C+K+Zn. 4-C+K+Zn+B. 5-C+K+Zn+B+Fe. The results obtained indicated that there was a significant difference between irrigation and fertilizer treatment in number of ear per plant, number of seeds per row, 1000 seed weight and grain yield (P<1%). But number of plants per m2 wasn’t significantly different. In this study fertilizer treatment has significant effect on number of seed row. But irrigation level hasn’t significant effect on seed row Among irrigation treatment had been observed most yield and yield component in normal irrigation with 11156Kg/ha, but it hasn’t significant difference with circulated irrigation. The highest of 1000 seed grains and number of seeds per row, were obtained from these irrigation levels. Fixed irrigation one row was achieved lowest among in characteristics. Besides, the fertilizer treatment results revealed that there was a significant difference between yield and yield component. The highest yield and biological yield was obtained from fertilizer form (Control plus K, Zn, B and Fe) with average 11898.6 Kg/ha. That showed 25%yield increase. This fertilizer treatment has the highest 1000 seed grain number of seed per row and number of ear number of ear per plant with average 363.3 gr, 34.76, 18 and 11.36 no respectively. Results has shown the best among of yield from normal and circulated irrigation with the use of N, P, K, B, Zn and Fe fertilizer with average 12950 and 12470 Kg/ha respectively.

In this study, the influence of the drying temperature of free fatty acids (FFA), as well as seed germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) and 00-rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated.Thin-layer drying experiments were first conducted at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 °C air temperatures, with each product dried down to 8% wb, then drying of samples was repeated at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C air temperatures for two hours.Drying temperatures up to 60 °C showed no influence on FFA-content in sunflower.However, above this temperature, the concentration of FFA increased significantly.The results showed that the FFA of rapeseed decreased at higher temperatures significantly. Thus, increasing drying temperature causes decreasing the FFA-content due to lipolyse enzyme neutralisation.The germination of sunflower and rapeseed decreased significantly with increase in the air temperature. For effective seed germination, the allowed drying temperatures for sunflower and rapeseed was up to 40 °C.