Journal of Historical Researches
Year:2016 | Volume:52 (NEW VOL. 8) | Issue:3 (31) |Papers Count:6

Iran, in the early tenth century, has undergone political, social, economic changes. These transformations, which pioneered the Safavids into the modern era, gradually surfaced when Safavid dynasty rose to power with King Esmaeil I in 907 Hejri. Researching the Safavid era requires that cultural and artistic issues of the period be paid ample attention. That is because the royalty of this dynasty has held the art and artists significant and most kings and princesses of the period are considered either artists or patrons of the art. The courts in Harat, Mashad, Shiraz, Ghazvin, Tabriz and Isfahan were the active artistic circles and each core political conditions heralded the artistic production of precious value in various fields. The court and the royal library in the significant town of Mashad was ruled by an artistic princess, Abolfath Soltan Ibrahim Mirza, who succeeded to make the town a well-known artistic center for about two decades. A science-loving, artistic patron and himself an artist, he encouraged and patronized artists in various fields such as calligraphy, painting, illumination and music during his reign in Mashad. Through his measures, he transformed Mashad Royal workshop into a significant artistic center in Safavid era.

Ties between the Safavid government and its Western neighbor, the Ottoman government were always interrupted with wars, conflicts, and military confrontations from the very time of Shah Ismail I (1502-1524) . The turning point of these conflicts was the Chaldoran War in 1515 followed by more long-term confrontations. In 1629, after the death of Shah Abbass I, who had managed to defeat Ottomans several times, and at the beginning of the reign of Shah Safi (1629-1642), Ottomans once again led a military campaign against Iran in support of a Georgian mutinous, and fugitive, prince. Consequently, the Safavid king was involved in a decade-long war (1629-1639) ending in his defeat and the separation of Baghdad and Mesopotamia from the Safavid government. This series of wars came to an end with the Zehab Peace Treaty (1639) ending indeed nearly one century and a half conflicts between the two neighbors. The present study discusses military confrontations between the two governments of Safavids and Ottomans during the reign of Shah Safi, aimed to explain and analyze the following: The manner of relations between the two countries in the period, the backgrounds, causes and consequences of these confrontations for the military and political lives in both countries, the consequences of Zehab Peace Treaty for internal and foreign polisies of the Safavid government.

In This Study, We Have Tried Economic Status Holy Shrines, Between Iran And Ottoman Review And Reflection On Political Relations Between The Two Countries Evaluated The Safavids And The Ottomans. In This Article We Talk About Three Pillars: 1. Pilgrimage Shrines (Pilgrims) 2. Endowment 3. The Burial Of The Dead. Accordingly, The Findings Suggest That In This Era Of Domination Of The Region, Especially Iraq, The Atabat Aliyat And The Pursuit Of Economic Interests, Including Important Issue For The Government Was The Safavid And Ottoman. If Iranian Pilgrims To Holy Sites In Iraq, Boom, Business Creation, Business Development, Prosperity And The Elimination Of Unemployment Was Caravanserais And Toll. The Massive Arrival Of Pilgrims This Kind Of "Invisible Exports" To Iraq, Which Could Help To Solve The Economic Problems Of The Iraqi People. The Safavid And Ottoman Sultans Endowments And Offerings And Shiite Pilgrims On The Holy Places Of The Region's Economic Importance And Economically Flourishing Area Was Added. Other Economic Income Of The Region To The Ottoman And Safavid, The Multiple Funds, For Burial Of The Dead And The High Price Of Land In The Holy Shrines.

Hawraman’s Olka or “Orman” quoting from Safavid age sources is one of the local governments of Iran’s unknown history that its formation record dates back to 393 lunar year. Hawraman kings in the climax of their power ruled the regions between Shahrezour and neighboring Sanandaj. It’s necessary to analyze the relationship of this region’s kings with Safavid government regarding the role of Ottoman and Ardalan dynasty in it. The question that this survey forms around is what factors caused the attention and developing Safavid government relationships with Hawraman’s Olka. This survey, emphasizing the historical data sources and government digits and using descriptive- analytic method tries to show that Safavid coinciding with donating the Hawraman government to this region’s governors and giving independence to them against Ardalan dynasty and Solaymanya Babans, intended to use the geopolitical situation of Hawraman region against Ottoman and placing them as the rivals of Ardalan dynasty which their hidden relationship with Solaymanya Babans, made Safavid completely unreliable toward them, through direct support and control over them.

Continuity of church and state under the rule of the Safavid dynasty (1135- 907 BC.), has caused religious and political interaction between the two institutions and how it is an important issue of the Safavid period. Each section of the Safavid period due to political and social change and how the kings, this interaction is a special features. Shah Safi politically beginning of the decline of the Safavid, the interaction between religion and politics in a particular situation. In this study, reflecting the legacy of Ali Naqi Kamare'ee, explain this relationship is concerned. Kamare'ee is a moderate scholar who has experience religious positions, at the same time he has the critical attitude of the conditions prevailing in the whole political and religious institutions, in particular, he says the king with religious scholars. Centric view of Kamare'ee reveals a tension in this relationship, And the same thing, that is why this tension and how, through the works of Kamare'ee is the basis of this review.