Journal of Historical Researches
Year:2019 | Volume:54 (NEW VOL 10) | Issue:4 (40) |Papers Count:7

The city of Yasouj, with a half-century of historical background, is an important example for studying quick social and urban developments in modern Iran, where local historiography approaches provide the opportunity to recognize the different dimensions of life and the changes in this city. Yasouj was a village of Tel-Khosrow, which was considered in 1342 as the government center of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province by the Pahlavi government after the uprising of the tribes in the south and the government offices were located there. The directors of these departments were all non-native, and the primary residents of the city were also itinerants who migrated from other cities to Yasouj. The arrival and emigration of these groups to Yasouj and their interactions with the tribal and nomadic communities around the region have begun a changing process in this region. This paper, by a descriptive-analytical method and based on library and documentary sources and oral interviews, examines the role of non-native immigrants in Yasouj's evolutions. In this article, after the introduction to the process and factors of the formation of the city of Yasouj, the occupational groups and their combination of urban institutions and their role in the development of the city have been addressed.

Armenians are considered among the effective minorities in Iranian economic and commercial life in different eras. Persian Gulf seaports, especially the port of Boushehr and its customs office were among the places, where Armenians had active roles in it during the Qajar era. In addition to being the economic forum of the state of Fars, in Qajar era, Boushehr was considered as one of the most important importing and exporting gateways and Iranian connection sites with other countries of the world. Therefore, Boushehr customs office was one of the most active economic institutions in that era. The main aim of this research, which is organized by descriptive-analytical basis and conducted via library resources, is to answer the important question regarding the roles of Armenians in Boushehr customs office, in the Qajar era. Analysis of the evidences indicates that Armenians were on the top of prominent occupations from the establishment of the customs office in Bouhehr up to the peak of economic activities of that establishment in Qajar period. While organizing the situations in Boushehr customs office, equipping and developing it in that era, Armenians dealt with fighting against smuggling of goods, developing the customs office branches, and supervising the performances of those branches, as well as training and instructing the relevant staff. Moreover, through presenting initiating plans for utilizing the customs office facilities, Armenians played a considerable role for the continuation of the activities of the institutes in Boushehr and other ports in the south of Iran.

The orientalists’ method of expressing the history of the prophet of Islam influenced by unwritten and accepted rules and through time, this method became a major discourse and was influenced by the interpretation of some Jewish Orientalists. The aim of this paper is to examine the components of Jewish discourse in the studies of the history of the Prophet of Islam. In addition, based on Michel Foucault's theory, it tries to analyze these components and the relationship between them. Some of the main components of Jewish discourse that are discussed in this paper are discredit Islamic historical sources, the emphasis on the theory of adoption and adaptation, non-divine nature of the Quran, Muslim’ s illusions, and the method of using the components in the Orientalism’ s texts and documents.

Foreign ministry agents have been established to counter the expansion of the influence of major powers in strategic cities. The early twentieth century is considered as the last years of agencies around the country; meanwhile, is the most important period of the life of this organization. Kurdistan agent was one of the busiest agents in this era and its duties were very varied and almost covered all the local legal, political, social and military conditions, such as relations with the foreign countries consulates in Kurdistan, foreign Citizens, religious minorities, coordination with local authorities, etc. The Kurdistan agent duties was very varied and almost covered all the local legal, political, social and military conditions, such as relations with the foreign countries consulates in Kurdistan, foreign Citizens, religious minorities, coordination with local authorities, etc. This article tries to study the Kurdistan agent performance in the most important issues of the province; relations with the great powers, especially the Ottoman Shahbandari, the local bureaucrats, tribes, the religious minorities and citizenship. The article’ s question is whether the Kurdistan agent succeeded in the affairs of the state, considering situation of the state? Also, what was the basis of its interactions and relations with local authorities? This study is written with a historical approach, based on an analytical descriptive method and mainly based on the foreign affairs ministry archive. The results of this study indicate that the Kurdistan agent was incapable of achieving the goals of the central government in the state.

Diffusion theory is one of the theories that can explain the causes of the spread of most political, social, agricultural and technological revolutions based on their components. In Iran, this theory is further evaluated in the basis of how the Islamic Revolution influences Muslim countries, but is not included in the field of medicine. The purpose of this descriptive-analytic paper, which is based on library resources and valid websites, is to answer this question: Has diffusion theory the power of explaining how the spread of modern medicine is in Iran during Qajar era? And if so, how will it be explained? To answer the question, this hypothesis was presented: since diffusion theory has so far been able to expose the reasons for the spread of most revolutions within the framework of its components, it can justify medical developments in Iran. Further, factors such as: foreign security, sending students abroad, health and medical institutions, the establishment of educational institutions, vaccinations, quarantines and some other factors in the form of three types of diffusion relocation, hierarchical, and contagious, and factors such as: people with disabilities, lack of funds, poverty, uncertainty for foreigners and some other factors were considered as barriers within the framework of the above-mentioned theory. The result of this hypothesis is confirmed.

Sepahsalar's (Separatists) position was the highest military authority in the Samanid regime, and in fact the commander of the Samanid militia. In the first chapter of the rule of the Samanids (from Amir Ismail to Amir Nasr 279-331 AH), which was the era of the authority of the Samanid emirs, they had a dim role in the changes. But, from the time of the Noah until the fall of the Samanid regime, which is the era of weakness and degeneration of the Samanids, Separatists became the most important pillar of power and power relations in the rule of the Samanids due to the expansion of power and influence. In fact, during this period, in addition to their authority, the command and control of the Samanid army, they intervened in matters such as the conflicts and the challenges of succession, dismissal and installation of ministers. The consequence of these interferences was turmoil and, finally, the weakening of the Samanid government. In addition, with the help of Buyids, the Separatists provided Buyids with interference in the internal affairs of the Samanids and imposed final blows on the body of the Samanid regime. In this research, the attempt is made to consider and evaluate the role and effect of the Separatists in the gradual decline and, eventually, the collapse of the Samanid regime. Therefore, using a descriptive-analytical method, the validity of this proposition is measured, which played the greatest role in the continuation of the declining trend of the Samanids from the middle of this dynasty to the end by the Separatists.

Sheikh Obeidollah Shamzini’ s rebellion is considered as one of the most renowned political and social crises in Qajar Era, due to its being multi faç ade. This rebellion at the highest levels of government in Iran led to reactions. Although the life of Sheikh Obeidullah's rebellion was short, it was considered one of the most important events of the late Naseri Era, given its background and its internal and external dimensions. The examination of the documents of the period under discussion shows that the issue related to Sheikh Obeidullah was very important for Iran and the mind of the Qajar statesmen was involved. This article focuses on the issue of analyzing the performance of the central government and local rulers of Azerbaijan in confronting the rebellion of Sheikh Obeidollah Shamzini (1298-1297 AH / 1881-1880 AC) and describing and analyzing the events in a library and documentary way. The main question of this research is that, considering the use and function of the military forces used to deal with the insurgents, how did they influence the containment of the crisis? Here, it is assumed that deficiency on state part in this case is attributed to lack of organizational management and the king, Nasser al-Din Shah, himself in facing such events. The weak association between central government and ruling authorities in Azarbaijan, in addition to deficiency in organizational structure and management, and wrong conduct of affiliates constitute the failure in controlling these crises.