TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF PERSIAN LITERATURE (RESEARCHES ON PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)
Year:2016 | Volume:52 ((NEW VOL. 8) | Issue:2 (30) |Papers Count:7

Iran has witnessed many wars and battles through its long history yet , the Mongolian attack may perhaps have been the most destructive and brutal one. In general, every war has its own price and is accompanied with deconstructions. Despite the materialistic and environmental( orterrain) eliminations and savage decimates which will take a long time to recover, every war has its own disturbing psychological effects on the social member's psyche. This can have harmful effects such as mental illness of individuals and the psychological sickness of the entire society. This can also negatively affect the culture and this destructiveness can remain for ages leading to the sufferance of generations. The Mongolian attack is one of such massively deconstructing wars which have led to Iran's cultural, moral, social and individual's mental complaints hence it is necessary to be reviewed and investigated. Through a library investigation on Nafthat-al-Masdoor by Zeydari Nasavi, the present study proved that this war has resulted in the spread of fear, distrust, and stress, isolation, feeling of insecurity, and excessive belief and reliance on Fate.

Edition of ancient manuscript is the subject of attention of literates who want to prepare a correct text which is similar to author's transcript. Ghazaliyat-E Shams-E Tabrizi by Jalal al Din Rumi is one of controversial text in terms of edition. This prodigious text has a high volume and its manuscripts are indefinite. So until now we don’t have a quite reliable edited text of it. This study is the criticism of Forouzanfar's Divan-e-Kabir according to the one of the manuscripts which is available for him. This manuscript is called Nuruosmaniye (its abbreviation is al). In This study, after introduction of this manuscript, the method of Forouzanfar's editting is described. Under these two titles: "not stated Ghazals" & "not stated Verses" we have mentioned poems which are available in Nuruosmaniye manuscript but they are not stated in Forouzanfar's Divan-e-Kabir.

In modern time, literary criticism has been focused and literary works have been investigated in different views. Among variety branches of the literary criticism, one of the approaches that was studied in twentieth century is method of the structuralist investigation that makes possible the evaluating of implications using by trying to figure out the pattern and system of relations and links. Therefore, structuralist makes good patterns for review and criticize of them by movement of language to literature and deep analysis of the making of literary works. One of these pattern is Roland Barthes's theory. In this pattern two elements of “action and indicator” are the basic requirement for making a narrative text. in recent decades, method of the structuralist investigation of narrative texts have been investigated by Iranian researchers and many old narrative texts have provided a field for extending of this view. One of these narrative texts is N. Kelile Va Demne that structuralist investigation of narrative elements (actions) in this work shows that author repeats a behavioral scheme and specific structure in Apparently different situations and different characters in the stories. So, five stories of this work is about chapter of Shir va Gav, next five chapters that have Hindi origin (except for Bazjost that has iranian origin) was selected and then, link pattern investigation between Hindi chapters from chapter of Gav Va Shir to next five chapters proved.

Debate is a system based on narration and the triple bases of narration - which according to Claude Bermond is consisted of: explanation of a stable stand, divergence possibility, and divergence impossibility -can be explored and retrieved in debate patterns. Due to the debate’s controversial nature and the possibility that one of the debaters might not be convinced, there’s more space and time to present more reasoning and continual analogies, allegories, and tirades, and hence in the end one of the debaters will overcome the other, the opposition between them is prominent. In classical literature of Iran, as one of the cradles of culture, discourses are debatable, because discourse atmosphere is a monologic. So works which are formatted in a conversational cast are based on the dominance of power. One of these works is “Elahi-Name” by Attar which is going to be investigated in this paper with a descriptive-analytical way. By employing debates in Elahi-Name, Attar shows the veracity of the patriarchal position held by Khalif against his six young sons and it also shows the meagerness of the efforts made against ancient customs in the horizon of Iranian intellectuality. Moreover, by the unconvinced position held by the sons, Attar uses time to prolong the speech and present telling explanations on the veracity of his position and hence achieve his didactical goals in Elahi-Name.

Study and analytical comparision of works of the nobles shows their impressions to each other, in addition to can be useful to ranking of thinking progresses of culture.” Naserkhosro” and “Molavi” create rich works that were imitated several times. Purpose of this article is showing similarities of” Masnavi” of “Molavi “ and “Wajhi din” of “Naserkhosro”.These cases include two groups worldviews and parables. Some similarities: necessity of obedience of authorities, importance of inner part and sense, high rank of knowledge

Among of prose works of Naser Khosrow, Zadolmosfer has special value, both for motif and writing method. He wrote this book after Safar Nameh and used the Persian fine equivalents for philosophical explanations and answer for sages and philosophers of Greece philosophical terms. This book along with the book-like Al-Tafhim and Daneshnamh ealaie, is the first work of non translational work that writer understood the need of verbiculture process. This article notices to patterns of verbiculture process in Naser Khosrow’s Zadolmosfer, because of he was familiar with the features and facilities language and There are linguistic similarities between Naser Khosrow’s point of view and new linguistic theories about language, speech and text and this issues confirm his knowledge about language. This article tries to review Zadolmosfer base on linguistic learning.