Geography
Year:2012 | Volume:10 | Issue:32|Papers Count:14

Dezful is located at specific geographical area with topography & climate systems of effective ecology has hot weather. Having long lasting frosts, it has special bio-climatological circumst ances. On the basis of the results derived from the effecten tive, it was determind that the weather in Dezful is definitely hot about 63, 3 percent of the year, and there is a mmoderate comfort in the shad only about 29, 1 percent of the year and 7, 6 percent of the time, one enjoy a good weather in the cold. Therefore, for the maximum utilization of this environmental conditions in designing the open spaces and passages, the different types of yard and passages were drawn on the diagram of optimum location of yard is east – south with an inclination in the direction of west- south. As for the streets and the passages, and lanes the optimum direction is south-west with 30o to take full advantage of 2 factors of sunlight, and temperature. This prevents hot wind currents and as a result long frost and hot sun of the passages and streets.

Because of particular geopolitics and geo-economics status of Caspian Sea, it can meet noticeable part of energy needs for countries such as china, east of Asia, European Union, and south of Asia. Enclosed countries in the areas of Caspian in land and inaccessibility of to international canals for transferring their energy to the global markets lead to charge energy transferring to the global markets to an international and regional problem.the various ways have been proposed that it is affected by political circumstances rather than economic and technical situations. According to geopolitical and geo-economic status of Islamic republic of Iran, Iran is the most suitable alternative to transfer Caspian energy to the global markets, but in the implementation process of this project and in relation to international system structure, Iran faced with several challenges. Our hypothesis is that according to the new energy geopolitical, Caspian energy has a particular status in the global energy equations and implementation limitation of Caspian energy transferring from Iran path, are regional and meta–regional competition and also united states conflicts with Islamic republic of Iran. Research methodology in current study is analytical–descriptive and instrument is liberation and internet–based sources.

Essential element required for admission compact city vision and smart urban growth, is measuring in the amount of compression and distribution of city that is purpose of this research. for achieve this goal, first with introducing five patterns that contribute to the richness of the scientific literature in planning, (Entropy 1 and 2, Ginni, Moran and Gary), degree of compaction, and distribution for the metropolis of Tehran (with 22 regions of the council) and metropolis of Sydney in Australia (with forty and two local government) has been calculated. For understand form of two cities that studied, and study the amount of quantity (distribution of compression) methods and different models: density, physical size metropol, balanced distribution degree (using entropy and Ginni coefficients), degree of accumulation (with coefficients and Gary and Moran) has been used. In this study, has been used of library and field methods, statistical methods, quantitative, qualitative, the GIS software and etc. The results of these calculations show that the form of metropolis Sydney is "single center". (High population and employment are concentrated in the central and with distance from the downtown population density decreases-sprawl). But for Representation form of Tehran metropolis, all the evidence, methods and models applied show that the expression of physical development of Tehran in all courses was very fast and this leads to the horizontal distribution of the city and close to the random pattern in periods of 65 to 75, and went to tendency to compact and focus in after periods by 1385 year.

Indeed lack of homogeneity and congeniality in hierarchical pattern is one of the causes of disorders in urban residence local distribution in country's regional and national space. Therefore said heterogeneity intensifies through making incorrect political and partially economical social decisions. Ardabil province is one of these geographical areas that mostly affected by said disorganizations specially residence regulation instabilities.This descriptive–analytic research was conducted by using quantitative models in 21 urban point's (population) to identify urban hierarchical system in the 1365-1385 period. moreover urban hierarchy system pathology have analyzed through using some models such as most close neighbor analyze, Rank-size, entropy and rank difference Limit. Research consequences show that Ardabil province's urban division don't be regular and coordinate that in which exists significant special interruption. Results of present study show that optimum regularizing, fair distribution of public facilities, services, and also providing equal opportunities for all of province towns are really necessary for stable urban hierarchy fulfillment.

In the early 2000s rural mayor has established as a non-governmental organizations to manage village affairs. This study seeks to explore the gender satisfaction in rural mayor's performance on the base of social exchange theory and gender analysis approach. The study area is Konani Township, in Lorestan province in Iran. The research hypothesis is that each of the two sexes has different expectations that have taken from their different roles in society. The present study was undertaken through Descriptive method and the data has gathered by field work. The main tool for data gathering was questioner. The rural population is 7445, which on the base of Cochran formula 200 men and women were selected as sample. The results show that women has less satisfaction from economic and social performance Dhyaran less. of rural mayors and in the physical and environment mayors' performance have more satisfaction than men.These differences, mainly related to gender roles and its impact on the satisfaction of both sexes.

Human society divides the surface of earth into different areas, territories, and several geographical, economic, social and cultural units in order to find its location. These homogenous and polarized zones are known as regions. A geographical approach to humans' activities on earth can make their operations more systematized. Distinguished territorial frameworks facilitate the ordering of information that administrators, that is those who are responsible for land-use planning, need. The spaces where we organize our life should not be considered as simple localities. They are dwelling places that give identity to us. We feel at home in the country we evolve and begin to establish bonds between people we come to know so that, that very territory eventually dominates our relationship. Some places are endowed with particular signification. Their landscape and their monuments symbolize collective identities. They are marked by a culture that takes root over time and become later transmitted to coming generations. It is worth noting that traditionally, the physical characteristics such as geomorphology and climatology were very important to geographers in the definition of region. Nowadays however, the communication network constitutes the generative force of spatial organizations. In face of the dangers of global homogenization, men react and defend their long-held identities and seek to reestablish their attachment to familiar places and territories. In this light, they attempt to discover new ways to strengthen their affinity with living spaces.

In beginning of formation joint cooperatives has characterized several goals about the division agricultural, transmission (division) lands with the exact studies give the basic service for creating the mechanized activities, performing the education and extension, programs combination the for creating the agricultural complementary activities. Presently, none of these goals performed. The joint cooperatives have exposed with social, economical and environmental structural obstacles. Function of the joint cooperatives is very unsuitable in compared with other exploitation (farming) system. The Jiroft plain is a place in which the joint cooperatives have formed (created) after consequence the Islamic revolution. Sample society includes 60 members joint of 10 joint cooperatives in dehestan jahadabad. The method sampling is casual sampling in this research. Unfortunately, majority of joint cooperatives returned to peasantry exploitation at present and subsequently, several problems has created. For example, incompatibility among members, lack participation in performing the infrastructural and agricultural action, cutting the lands agricultural and increasing the number of joint members because of the purchasing and devise. Because of these problems we determined to analyze of joint cooperative function and his affections on amount of members participation and survival of common activity in future. The result of research demonstrated that performance level and indexes of member living has not increased, amount of cooperation has decreased at present in comparison with beginning of activity because of the unsuitable function of joint cooperatives.The common activity survival is confronted with social, economical and environmental structural obstacles.

Careful and comprehensive study of economic, social and cultural dimension and better understand needs of society and improve them, led to equal development and balanced geographical spaces. Health Services is considered as one of the main components of the development. The present study analyzed the development of spatial health service indicators (institutional indicators, experts, non-experts, rural health) in province of Kurdistan. Method of study (descriptive-analytic) which used 63 variables and selected 49 indicators that show health gap-treatment in the province.By examining research findings have come to the conclusion that health indicators in the Kurdistan province unbalanced distribution between the cities of the province's health service development health and Dyvandrh, Bijar cities have been in the highest order and lowest order of development.Multivariate regression applied, shows (experts indicator) in the development of province health research more than other indices to predict.Non-experts, institutional and rural health indicator are far more effective in order to predict the development of healthcare in the province.

Rural regions in Iran have a lot of problems and each of them has one special.According to necessities of rural development programs, it is necessary to line the economical activity priorities up for proper development strategy. One of important problems is setting a hierarchy of settlements to form an effective framework for spatial planning. According to the research goals and assessed components, we can say that this research is an applicable one and its survey method is analytic–descriptive. The statistical society is the set of 3 villages in Bahabad. Results from Network Analysis Pattern (ANP) shows that economical indices have the strongest effect on development of Bahabad's villages. The population factor, specially the population age beside emigrants is at the next stage. Research results has shown that, using Topsis multi criterion decision making model, we can see that the Jolgeh village has the best position for establishment of economical opportunity for all indices and Bonestan village has the worst position in the city. Results from regression coefficient and calculated legend coefficient illustrates that 71.6% of the development in Bahabad's villages is due to the increase in economical activities. So, to achieve an ideal development in villages we should take some guidelines into consideration namely: pay special attention to Jolgeh Potential capabilities to create new jobs in agriculture and subordinate industries, expansion of mining industry according to present capabilities, special loans for regions with compatible demands and natural specifications and building necessary facilities of industrial town in rural regions that has environmental, social and economical effects in the whole zone and can be effective in development of villages.

Rural development in general and rural management, specifically conceived and designed the process was not coherent. In this respect we can say that Poor people's organizations and the lack of effective integrated support structure and support in rural areas obstacle to rural development has been achieved. Sustainable rural development based on the participation of villagers And management and to focus public attention to the wide distribution of the gross differences in Iran have been justified And the past is so far no success.Thus, rural development and local management activities necessary And with the new local management of the rural villagers Dhyaryha under direct supervision of people's representatives (Islamic councils) and control and public policy (Bkhshdaryha and governors) in the villages of their managerial role So with good practice for sustainable development in rural areas can Dhyaryha step. The present pattern of rural management with emphasis on local participation in management and their role in the development process, including physical Dhyaryha-space, green space, immunization, improvement, waste management, furniture, rural, rural tourism, preservation of social capital, etc., Analysis and practical suggestions in the process of rural development with emphasis on Dhyaryha is presented.