Geography
Year:2012 | Volume:9 | Issue:31|Papers Count:16

In recent years, concern for the unwilling rural-urban migration, in one hand, and the urban influences on transformation of rural fabric, on the other, has increased steadily. This article is centered on the studying and evaluating the change processes, which caused the main structural-functional dispositions of rural housing, evolved by the intensity of urban-rural flows of people, information, innovation, etc. In considering the outcoming transformations, the different aspects of these flows should be met, by a thorough understanding of the dominant social space affecting the development of housing in area under study, i.e. the peripheral rural settlements in the Zanjan Township.

Life quality Is severely affected by time and place.  Criteria and constituting factors differ in terms of period of time and geographical place. On other hand, quality of life with having objective aspects and dependence to objective and subjective conditions and at last  it depend on imagination and perception from life reality.Today, improvement of quality of life is aim of all plans that made by planners. There are problems like weakness of income source and damage caused by social inequality and nourishment and unsustainable house, all of them caused to be challenged city community of life quality. This paper is to evaluate indicators related to life quality, from citizen viewpoint of yaft abad in Tehran city. The method of this research is survey based on use of questioner. number of statistic population is 250. in order to analyze variable under study, it used statistic method like parametric test  for independent variable with spss software. The findings show life quality of situation in this area was not favorable regarding economic, social and environmental aspects in view of sample population. only situation of transportation and communication is evaluated in middle level in view of sample population.

Rural housing is on of the most important needs of rural development. Providing the rural hosing often has been the main component of different development plans. The policy of rural housing loan has executed in recent years and the modernization of rural housing is supported by the government. The main aim of this paper is considering the impact of housing loan in providing rural habitat as an component of rural development and its executing shortages. In this research, the policy of rural housing loan and its effective factors has been analyzed. Study area of this research is rural district of Saied Ebrahim in Dehloran. 60 households have been selected randomly from sample villages according to rural settlements structure. Research questionnaire have been completed via direct reference to households. Collected data have been analyzed through descriptive statistic and cooperative study. The results indicate that the policy of rural housing loan has not been fully succeeded because it has not provided accordance with systematic planning and empowerment. Therefore the Fundamental policy to achieving rural development is the empowerment of society base on human and regional potentialities.

Islamic Scientists define "science of jurisprudence" as comprehension and knowledge of Islamic lows and edicts from theirs explicative reasons and justrification.s (Shakouri, 1377, 49-50). Concerning "political jurisprudence" they believe that political jurisprudence of Islam contains the entire regulations and jurisprudent sentences that are responsible of relationships between Muslims and other nations in the world (Id, 76). In this study, we try to discuss about geographic subjects of territories within Islamic Jurisprudence and to explain his relation with geostrategic and geopolitical frontiers and territories in other local subdivisions.

Living in a city transformations have been with main changes in urban textures. Oldness of the textures and it's result which ended whit losing of it's esteem on citizen's minds, is known and precepted as different forms: decreasing or lackness of subsisting and secure conditions and also frame, social, economic and foundation confusions. The methodology of this case study is analytical & descriptive and the statistical societies are the Bafgh old texture districts. Applying ANP model on priority ranking of effective factors on inefficiency of old texture shows that economic & management indexes have the most effect. At the next rank there are frame factors especially destructive and denotative buildings which are the causes of texture inefficiency. The examinations according to SWOT analytical pattern related to effective factors & indexes clear that land usages, passages networks, dwelling, economic, managers- organizations & residents partnership, management custodian organizations for old textures have not been successful on natural & environment studies and  have not a good plan to use the  existing strengths and chances in order to decrease the existing weaknesses and threats on Bafgh old texture territory somehow internal factors evaluation with 1/81 and external factors evaluation with 1/13 show it. Finally policies and plans like considering lawful role for district consulting departments to renovating  affairs, supporting & encouraging  microlithic segments collecting, assigning custodians for problematic textures, committing old textures by comprehensive plans and providing financial budgets to the citizens in order to being welfare have the most effect on desirable management for Bafgh old textures.

The proper access to energy is the growth engine for development of countries. Planning and decision making of government regarding issue have directed the influence on people and society. Now days the limitation and costliness of fossil energies, environmental crisis and their pollution, have made the search for renewable energy one of the most important subjects to consider. The geographical expansion and vastness of our country about 130000 'Abadi' and serives and economical growth and development of these areas, increases the need of energy in future decades day by day. Improving the quality of life, work field and employment in villages, increasingly depend on providing required basic and affordable energy in farms, village industries and conversable energies, in this case the development of rural areas can extremely depend on energy crisis and its price. The focus on the development of villages requires longtime investment in industry, agriculture and rural service sections, provides affordable and sustainable energy in above fields is the fatal requires needs. This article is written with the aim of recognizing and introducing types of renewable energies and ability of different parts of the country for using those energies for development of rural areas.

Developing and boosting tourism and its consequence, the formation of the second homes, is one of the most remarkable phenomenon of the present and twentieth century. Rural districts is one of the most dominant places which have been used in this domain and that is why an important part of second homes are located and developed in rural districts. The increase of second home can influence the mentioned issues both positively. In Iran the rural districts are advantageous to recreational ـtouristy interests and therefore urban dwellers have set up building second homes districts for spending their free time and feeling at east. The beginning and development of this phenomenon has made up changes in three economic, social, and cultural domains. The general purpose of this study is examining the effects of the development of second homes in rural districts. In order to achieve this aim the two methods of field work and library study have been used. It is worth mentioning that is this study, after providing the general and theoretical framework, the field work method was used for collecting data from the case of study and the situation of the second homes. Three kinds of questionnaire (village 4, dweller 128 and second homes owners 104) were prepared. After completing the questionnaires, SPSS and EXCEL software were used for analyzing the data. The analysis could reveal that by the view of the dweller, the negative economic, social and cultural effects which are the result of the development and formation of the second homes are more than its positive effects.

Kardeh basin with 611 square kilometers of area is located in the north east of Iran. The geological formations belong to the Mesozoic era and major parts of the region are covered by Mozdouran limestone. The results of the investigations of the region's hydro-climatology show that the climate of the region being semi-dry and cold having Mediterranean rainfalls. It has a young geomorphology and its topography is directly linked to the geological structures, meaning that anticlines form the highlands and synclines form mid-mountains plains. The most important Karstic systems in the region include; Karen, dissolved fissures, dissolved cavities, caverns, and small galleries which are distributed along joints, fissures and faults and are indication of the relation between these systems and tectonic structures. To discover the relation between tectonic activities and Karstic systems, some works have been implemented such as; measuring the azimuth of joints and fasults in 4 stations. Comparison of the field investigation results with the available information in remote sensing documents indicated that the prevailing joint system directions coincide with those of faults. Also, it was observed that Karsts are formed mostly along these joint systems. On the other hand, the most parts of Kardeh River plain is largely compatible with geological structures like faults and folds. Therefore, tectonic activities had an important role in formation of Karsts in the region.

One of the features of rural economy in Iran is the shortage of capital among rural families which is caused by various factors, especially low incomes. Therefore, rurals(different groups) considering the local and spatial conditions For to gain  Need financial resources, inclined to join formal (government) and informal sections. This study is conducted comparatively in mountainous and plain areas of Azadshahr in Golestan province, based on the local-spatial differences. Research methodology is a descriptive- analysis one based on the survey data. Also in the discussion of theoretical principles, some documents such as Five-year development plans are used.

The conversion of rural areas to urban areas and small cities forming in rural areas that have been started in other countries as a developmental issue of rural areas from the decade of 1970 became a phenomenon from the first years of 1970 decade along with some changes in the laws and criteria of village and city recognition. Now, according to this topic and the functions of small cities, this question is raised that, what are the backwashes of this issue on the population of these areas and their residents. So, this research has been done in order to investigation of population trend and the viewpoints of prospering villages residents to cities. The research method is documentary and field analysis and the statistical society are the residential families across the city of Egiye and its villages in the province of Isfahan which has been formed from the Egiye village, in the year of 1375. The sample composed of 190 families which were selected by random and proportional method from the above mentioned city and its villages. According to results around 73.5 percent of respondents were satisfied of this action, conversion of village to city, and the satisfaction level of residential place has been increased in 52.2 percent of families compared before.

Since the Wetlands and river and sea are often influenced by variables and changes in ocean dynamics and their impact on river, Recognition these effects lead to a better understanding of planning for maintenance, it will achieve. Arrows or sand dams in front of all the frontal delta and tidal wetlands area are located on the northern coast of Oman. In this study, the hydrodynamic processes of Oman and the processes affecting the environment in times of drought such as the amount of sediment transported by rivers to the coast in Changes periodically, and the arrows in the holy mountain of sand Chalabi in northern Oman has been studied For this purpose, the time period of use of satellite images with the use of Arc GIS software and Ilwis is analyzed. The results show that the morphology of the coastline of this region, the displacement along the coastline is more than other coastal areas. Periodic variation showed the greatest growth in longitudinal sand arrows 11 (from 1371 to 1382) was more than 3300 meters, while in a period of 36 years (from 1335 to 1371) of sand arrows are only 1,500 m be. This growth leads to changes in wetlands and a lagoon bordering the sea in this area has been Chalabi. Intermittent cyclical changes in the tide and waves as well as changes in river discharge and sediment load of streams input to estuaries and river flow changes with arrows moving sand causes these changes and consequently changes in wetlands has been.

Flood is one of the risks that faces human today and causes many financial losses and damages to human lives every year. This study has tried to determine areas with highest capacity of runoff production in the Farahzad basin using AHP model. The data layers that use in this research are: NDVI index, drainage density, distance from the river, precipitation, profile and planimetric curvatures, slope, landforms, land use and lithology. The results of this research show that the areas with very high risk are located in the northern parts of the basin and upstream. Most areas whit high-risk of flooding is located in the slope between 60-80 % and 400-1000mm precipitation. These areas include the mountain unit with high gradient. Most of these areas are located in 300 meters distances from the Farahzad channel. The slope of High risk of flooding zones is between 40-60 percent. The NDVI index indicates the poor vegetation in both zones.

Generally, employment and criteria related to it show economic quality population. In the event that most of the development and economic scholars declare employment as way for evaluating safety, stagnancy and miserable economic of society. In addition, in this view, stagnancy, inflation and poverty are related to each other by unemployment, and their influence on each other can cause absolute falling of national economic .In an essay we tried to investigate and analyze census data by using scientific and codified method and then prove theories by results. At the end, the results of this study show that employment is going to services and so by continuing this process in the next decade we will have developments of services parts and at the other side releasing development of other economic parts of province.