Iranian Journal of War and Public Health
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:7|Papers Count:11

Introduction: during Iran-Iraq war about 40000 veterans and civilians were captured by Iraqis government. The aim of this survey was to assess employment problems and issues in the prisoners of war after about 20 years of returning.Methods: This qualitave study was based on focus-group discussion in Iranian prisoners of war after returning. The 7 meeting was held to understand the types and consequences of the prisoner’s reentry problems. 10 prisoners of war were invited to participate in the study. The problems were listed by using brain storming. Then the problems were categorized. In order to prioritize the problems each prisoner handicapped the problems from 1-10. The highest scores considered as the most important problems.Results: The mean age of the cases was 47 with the age range of 41-55 years. Duration of capturing was between 48-118 months. The most common employment problems was early retirement, unemployment but receiving complete pension, lack of regulatory system about prisoner of war employment laws and less informed prisoner of war on existent employment laws, respectively.Conclusion: The results this study revealed that the prisoner of war face different types employment and unemployment problems. It is important to accomplish a further study in order to assess the magnitude of this finding.

Human brain can be stimulated safely and non invasively by powerful magnetic field. This magnetic field causes a current in stimulated tissue, which stimulates the brain neurons.In psychological disorders, focal brain activity is observed in clinical syndromes. Application of trans-cranial magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic technique proposes to change the selective brain activities. Low frequency repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new method in evaluation and treatment of hyper excitability brain syndromes, which changes brain plasticity.In this review article, therapeutic effect of rTMS in some psychological disease such as depression, post traumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia is discussed.

Study of the wrist kinetics is important role in progressive of pathology and researches hope to develop new therapies for reduce the pains and restore the functional ability in the wrist joint. The aim of this study is investigating and comparing the peak contact pressure in radio-scaphoid articular joint with regard to finite element method & Rigid Body Spring Model method. With RBSM technique the structure of the wrist is represented in a model as a collection of rigid bodies, representing the bones, interconnected by compressive and tensile spring elements, representing cartilage and ligaments. This Method includes mathematical formula that calculated the stress & strain in regard to impact load in the Radio-Scaphoid joint. Results for joint model indicate that these two methods predict similar peak contact pressure on joint surface. But the RBSM is relatively simple and effective in predicting joint contact pressure under symmetric and non-symmetric loading. The computational efficiency of the RBSM method is particularly attractive for pre-operative planning of reconstructive surgical procedures in orthopedics.

Background: Compression of median nerve at carpal tunnel or carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Due to over use of hand in wheelchair users, it is possible that carpal tunnel syndrome be more prevalent in them. Complications of disease can be prevented with early diagnosis and treatment.Purpose: Comparison of relative frequency of carpal tunnel syndrome in wheelchair users with control group.Method and Materials: In this study, electrodiagnostic studies performed in 44 wheelchair user war handicaps and 44 control cases to detect carpal tunnel syndrome and its severity in them.Results: From 44 wheelchair users, 19 (43.2%) cases had carpal tunnel syndrome. Severity of syndrome was mild in 12 (27.3%), moderate in 6 (13.6%) and sever in 1 (2.3%) patients. In control group, only 2 (4.6%) cases had carpal tunnel syndrome with mild severity in 1 (2.3%) and moderate severity in another (2.3%). Frequency of CTS was significantly greater in wheelchair users (P<0.0001). Mean (SD) sensory peak latency was 3.7 (0.58) ms in wheelchair users and 3.1 (0.24) ms in control group (P < 0.0001). Carpal tunnel syndrome was bilateral in 62% of affected cases.Conclusion: Carpal tunnel syndrome is significantly more frequent in wheelchair users and its severity is frequently mild to moderate in them. Then periodic check-up of wheelchair users for this syndrome is recommended.

Toddy’s in performing nursing care, in the study of janbazan patients the important problem that always need to pay attention, is achievement to ideal qualification of nursing care and patients satisfaction .the study of patient satisfaction from the method of performing the services is one of the most usual method that is Used for evaluation of nursing care performances. The aim of this study is assessing of the janbazans, satisfaction from medical health service.Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study that for evaluating of janbazans satisfaction from delivery of medical health services. In this research the number of samples was 138 janbaz selected randomly, and their satisfaction from services measured by questionnaires.Results: The finding showed that most satisfaction was about outpatient service (%80), inpatient service (63/5), drug service (63/3) rehabilitation service (%65) and instrument medical service (%43). there was significant Relation between satisfaction of outpatient service and marital status (p<0.04). also there was significant relation between satisfaction from inpatient service and location of residence (p<0.03) and there was signification relation between satisfaction and kind disability (P<0.01). The result of this research generally show that the score of janbazan satisfaction from outpatient, inpatient and drug services is high, so recommended a more care full planning in relation to other medical health services in order to increasing of janbazans, satisfaction.

Introduction: Sulfur mustard (SM) as an effective chemical agent was used recently in the Iraq war against Iran. Currently more than 40,000 chemical casualty of war left with lung lesions caused by mustard gas. This combination induce the production of oxygen free radicals are molecules that activate inflammatory processes. Heme Oxigenase is one of the important proteins that decrease the harmful effects of free radicals and involved in many cellular functions such as oxidant/antioxidant system balance in respiratory system.Methods: 12 biopsy samples of the airway wall (8 chemical samples and 4 control samples) obtain by bronchoscopy. After fixation in Parafrmaldehyd 4%, 20 microns slices were prepared by Cryostat. The expression of HO1, a polymorphism of HO, by immunohistochemistry method in samples of veterans and control groups analysed and were compared.Results: SM exposed samples were immunonegative for HO1 antibodies in compare to unexposed patients, while Normal ones expressed in high intensity in epithelium as a basal expression.Conclusion: These findings indicate that this molecule play an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress, including the poisoning of SM. So it concluded that the absence of this protective factor may be cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and continuity of problem.

Background & purpose: self relief is an accepted component in scientific communities, for Needy people in crisis. Lack of knowledge and abilities of people to survive the crisis in the initial conditions, may be lead to consequences, including disability, Inability and etc of life If freedom from death. Therefore the purpose of this study was survey of knowledge and abilities of chemical veterans and other people gilangharb in during crisis on second half of 2010.Methods: The type of this study was Cross-sectional, descriptive and Case-control between chemical veterans and ordinary people (n=78) in 2010. Data gathering tool was Demographic questionnaire and Researcher-designed questionnaire in self-relief knowledge in forecast capability, knowledge, risk control, help to events and normalizing areas. Self-relief power was tested on assessment, bleeding control, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mouth breathing, mouth to nose breathing, Ethel and Dressing aspects. Questionnaire validity and reliability was Confirmed by Delphi technique among faculty members and experts by analysis methods. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics methods.Results: findings in the two study groups Showed that the most frequent in the age was group 20-30 years and the most frequent in the educational was Individuals with a degree in less than diploma. Research data for veterans showed: forecast capability (34.1 percent), knowledge (20.2 percent), risk control (39 percent), help to events (28.8 percent) in weakness status. Control bleeding ordinary people was medium condition and chemical veterans were weakness. Finally self-relief power was weakness in two groups.Conclusion: Considering the importance of self-relief in vulnerable such as chemical veterans in crisis then comprehensive planning for training, education and culture self-relief and other relief Can be caused to damage at the early hours of crisis on economic, social, political, physical and mental agents.

Background and purpose: Limb loss is a phenomenon that induces disability in patient undergoing amputation. Amputation is needed in treatment of war related patients and most of amputees suffer of chronic amputation-related pain. Information about outcomes after lower limb amputation is useful when determining the treatment options for these patients. Purpose: consideration of quality of long-term outcomes of war-related amputation.Material and methods: For this study, 34 Iranian soldiers who had one-side lower limb amputation were asked to answer the Persian version of Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). The PEQ has been shown to have a high degree of content validity and temporal stability.Results: All of participants at least suffered of one kind of amputation related pain in the previous 4 weeks. Phantom sensation was reported 91.2%, with phantom pain 86%, and 8.8% of patients did not have any pain in residual limb. 88.2% endured pain in lateral limb as well as back pain.Conclusion: According to this study, the most prevalent outcomes in war-related amputee are phantom sensation, residual limb pain, lateral limb pain, back pain and phantom pain.