Rostaniha
Year:2000 | Volume:1 | Issue:1-4|Papers Count:10

In the present article, two new mitosporic species are introduced, namely: Cercospora fraxinicola Ershad, sp. novoon Fraxinus rotundifolia and Ramularia rubicola Ershad, sp. novo on Rubus caesicus.    

Following 4 species of Mosses are reported from Hezar Masjed mountains (north of Khorasan province) as new records to Iran: Pottia lanceolata, Grimmia alpicola, Bryum badium & Orthotrichum schimperi. The descriptions, collecting localities (habitats) and distribution of each species in the world along with their figures are given.  

Eight cyperaceous Puccinia and Uromyces, viz.Puccinia cariciola, P. conclusa, P. cyperi, P. eriophori, P. scbpi and Uromyces lineolatus subsp. lineolatus are reported as new to Iran. The uredinial stage of P. dioicae is reported as a new stage for this rust in Iran. Hosts new to P. eriophori are also given. Included is a key to the cyperaceous rust species in Iran.    

The family Gramineaee, due to its great number of species and worldwide distribution, is one of the large and well- known family in the plant kingdom. All the species in this family are homotypes and are found wherever plant growth is possible. At present, more than 10,000 species in 620 genera belonging to 60 tribes of this family are known from all over the world. In Iran, besides many research works which have been carried out so for, TERMEH (1987) while revising the family, introduced 117 genera, 406 species, 10 subspecies and 54 varieties for Iran. In addition, reference should also be made to the following taxa recorded from Iran: Bromus racemosus (ASSADI & WENDELBO 1977), Agropyron caninum (ASSADI 1983), Briza humilis (ASSADI 1984), Dactyloctenium aegipticeum (MOZAFFARIAN 1985), Glyceria caspica and Backmania eruciformis (HAMZEHEE 1992), Dinebra retroflexa (MOZAFFARIAN 1994) and Poa golestanica (SCHOLZ & AKHANI 1999). Totally, till the publication of this paper, 119 genera, 414 species, 10 subspecies and 54 varieties have been reported from Iran. This paper includes 8 species, belonging to 6 tribes of the family Gramineae new records to Iran. The complete description, synonymy and distribution of the species in Iran, its neighboring countries and in the world are explained in the Persian text. All the 8 line drawing figures are original. In order to facilitate the determination and the introduction of each species, the detailed structures are presented. List of the genera and species along with their geographical distribution  newly recorded for Iranian Flora are as follows: 1. Aegilops peregrina (Hack.)Maire & Weill. Tribus Triticeae Azarbayjan: Rezaieh, Kabudan-island, 1320-1580m, 18.6.1966, Moussavi & Zargani (IRAN 26500). 2. Aeluropus pungens (M. B.) C. Koch Tribus Aeluropodeae Semnan: Momen-abad, 1100-1l50m, 26.6.1992, Termeh, Moussavi & Tehrani (IRAN 26501). Baluchestan: Zabol (from stream banks around wheat and Barley farms), 1996, Jahan- Tigh (IRAN 26502). 3. Calamagro stis decora Hook. f. Tribus Agrostideae Azarbayjan: Khoy (Natural Range Lands), 2800-3000m, July 1980, Akbarlu (IRAN 26503). 4. Chloris virgata Swartz Tribus Chlorideae Baluchestan: Iranshahr(Alfalfil farms), 11.1.1989, Termeh, (IRAN 26504). Baluchestan: Zabol(Corn farm), 22.10.1990, Termeh (IRAN 26505). 5. Digitaria strictta Roth ex Roemer & Schultes Tribus Paniceae Baluchestan: Saravan, Suran, 1130m, September 1993, Termeh (IRAN 26506). 6. Echinochloa macrocarpa Vasing. Tribus Paniceae Zanjan: Tarom-e Olia, Ghodrat (Direct seeded Rice), 15.8.1988, MosIem-Sharifi & Zafarmand (IRAN 26507). Zanjan: towards Mianeh, Gheytul(Rice farms), 4.9.1990, Termeh (IRAN 26508). 7. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. Tribus Eragrostideae Hormozgan: Shatvar-island, 17.2.1999, Termeh & Karavar (IRAN 26509). Hormozgan: Kish-island, 5-6.3.1999, Termeh & Karavar (IRAN 26510). 8. Panicum capillare L. Tribus Paniceae Ghazvin: Sharif-abad (Agri- business farms), September 1988, Pashaii (IRAN 26511). Ghazvin: Rajaii power station (Peach orchards), August 1990, Mohsen-Hoseini (IRAN 26512).              

During 1997- 99 one seed samples of each 17 sesame cultivars (totally 17 samples) were collected from 10 localities in Iran. Blotter method and culture media (PDA, PMA, WA, CA, SNA, CLA, CYA, KCLA, WALM, MEA) were used to isolate and identify the mycoflora present on different parts of seeds. Totally, 145 isolates were obtained which included 34 species of 15 genera. The identified fungi were: 1.Acremonium strictum, 2.Alternaria alternata, 3. A. raphani, 4. A. sesami, 5. Alternaria sp., 6. Aspergillus flavus, 7. A. niger, 8. A. ochraceus, 9. A. te1TeUS, 10. Chaetomium elatum, 11. C. funicolum, 12. C. olivaceum, 13. Cladosporium cladosporioides, 14. C. elatum, 15. C. herbarum, 16. C. macroCalpum, 17. C. oxysporum, 18. Fusarium  moniliforme, 19. F. oxysporum, 20. Paecilomyces variotii, 21. Paecilomyces sp., 22. Penicillium brevicompactum, 23. P. chrysogenum, 24. P. citrinum, 25. P. digitatum, 26. Rhizopus orysae, 27. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, 28. Stachybotry chartarum, 29. Stemphylium botryosum, 30. Tiarosporella phaseolin a, 31. Trichoderma harzianum, 32. Ulocladium atrum, 33. U. lanuginosum and 34. Ulocladium sp. The fungi indicated by Nos. 1, 3, 12, 16, 17, 27, 33 were new for Iran mycoflora, Nos. 1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34 were reported from sesame seeds for the first time, and Nos., 2, 3, 6, 7 and 26 were dominant.  

In this study three important species of dodder were compared for seed dormancy, optimal light and temperature conditions for germination and superficial structure of seeds. The effect of mechanical and chemical scarification, stratification or chilling and different forms of nitrogen on dormancy breaking was studied. The results showed that there are differences in optimal conditions for germination in three species. The rate of dormancy, the mechanical and chemical factors and stratification did not have similar effect on dormancy breaking in three species. The light had no inhibitory effect on germination, and in Cuscuta monogyna the alternative light caused high germination in seeds. Sulfuric acid, potassium nitrate and mechanical scarification (grinding by stone) caused breaking of seed dormancy in all the species. The results showed the cause of dormancy exists in seed coat and probably it caused dormancy by production of mechanical barrier. The seed coat of dodder was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The seeds in species were different in dormancy and superficial structure of seed. Dormancy in Cuscuta monogyna was lower than two other species and its surface of seed was smoother than two other species. Dormancy in Cuscuta planiflora was deeper in comparison to two other species. Its surface of seed was rougher than others. The effective factors in dormancy breaking did not have similar affect on three species of dodder.  

In this contribution to the mycoflora of Karaj, notes are given on 28 species of micromycetes (Peronosporales, Erysiphales, Dothideales, Leotiales, Ustilaginales and mitosporic fungi) mainly collected by the authors in various parts of Karaj area. Six species are new records for Iran viz. Ramularia geranii var. geranii on Geranium pyrenaicum, Septoria gallica on Colchicum robustum, Sphaerotheca macularis on Humulus lupulus, Urocystisfischeri on Carex sp., Tilletia bornmuelleri on Taeniatherum asperum and Venturia adusta on Epilobium hirsutum. Additionaly, notes are given for the species which are insufficiently studied up to now viz., Sphaerotheca aphanis, S. ferruginea, S. plantaginis, Neoovularia ovata, Septoria cruciatae, S. plantaginis and Stagonospora fuckelli.    

Surveys were carried out to determine species composition and host range of powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae) in Gilan province, Iran. Twenty seven taxa were identified. Among them Erysiphe circaeae, E. punicae, E. urticae, Microsphaera erlangshanensis, M. multappendicis, M. trifolii and Podosphaera clandestina var. cydonia are new to Iran. Parietaria officinalis and Phuopsis stylosa are new hosts for P. guttata and Erysiphe gallii respectively. Eighteen taxa viz. E. aquilegiae, E. biocellata, E. cichoracearum, E. cruciferarum, E. galeopsidis, E. heraclei, E. lycopsidis, E. pisi, E. polygoni, E. sordida, M. alhagi, M. astragali, Sawadaea bicornis, Sphaerotheca fusca, S. plantaginis, Uncinula adunca, U. clandestina and U. prunastri have already been recorded from Iran whereas most of these species are new for the province.  

Study of smut fungi on Liliaceae resulted to propose a new genus and three new combinations: Vankya Ershad, type V. ornithogali (Schmidt et Kunze) Ershad, based on Uredo ornithogali Schmidt et Kunze, V. heufleri (Fuckel) Ershad, based on Ustilago heufleri Fuckel, and V. vaillantii (L.-R. et C. Tulasne) Ershad, based on Ustilago vaillantii L.-R. et C. Tulasne.