HOVIATESHAHR
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:36 |Papers Count:9

Using the daylighting is the best way to reduce energy consumption in buildings and reaching to the zero energy building. Iranian architecture has to reach experiences in the methods of daylighting. In order to recognize the performance of windows, the relation between the area of a window and the area of a room and the sky viewing angel have been investigated. Seventeen rooms from twelve traditional and old houses from Yazd city in Iran was studied. Items which discussed include the geometry and the proportion of each room, the location of a room in the yard, the location of a window in a wall, the lighting surface ratio to from surface, sky viewing angle of each window in each room in front and section view. Data collection method was field observation and data analysis, Numerical analysis and with using the metrics and computational methods which was introduced in the standard books of natural lighting guide. Then the gathered information was analyzed in two levels: which included room’ s features, a geometry of each room and neighbors. In the neighbors, the distance of front view is very important and play a pivotal role in using the skylight in each room. After investigating rooms, research shows that there is a strong role in a traditional house to use daylight and sunlight in buildings. In terms of natural lighting can be considered the design of the room in two levels, first neighborhood situation and Ratio indoors and outdoors, which lets a room to see the sky and use the skylight. It is very important that this ratio can clear the needed sky view for each city. For instance, the ratio of sky view of Tehran is totally different from Yazd. The second level is about the dimension of a room and windows or geometry or form of a plan which can determine brightness levels and how the distribution in a room. Both of these levels are very significant for having daylighting and sky lighting in a room. As a result of the research, the exact relationship between the area of a window and the height of it with the width of a room and the sky view was found. There is a relationship between the surface of windows and the height of it, the depth of the room, and the visibility of the sky, which can be used to find the window proportions and the depth of a room for using the daylighting. This consequence can inspire the contemporary and young architects or designer to find the ratio of proportion windows and rooms in new buildings with an approach to the traditional architecture of Iran to create better space for users and reduce energy consumption. Moreover, this heritage can be presented for other countries to improve the level of our traditional architecture, when it can be examined by the newest standard of daylighting (CIBSE 2015) so its value is proved for the world of architecture. These rules help designers to consider the Features of the site.

Pedestrian paths or trails are allocated to change the residential spaces into a safe and pleasant place for walking. These areas which are mostly considered as a basis and origin, play a central role in promoting social contacts, communication and interaction among citizens. Definitions and indicators in this study are used from the views of experts such as Jean Jacobs, Donald Aplyard, Coleman, Brian Goody and others. In addition to definitions and concepts discussed by theorists in the field, the experiences of different cities and countries in the Pedestrianization are also considered as part of the theoretical foundations of the study. This study aims to examine the social and economic effects of 17 Shahrivar Pedestrian path in Tehran. It has a functional purpose and used a descriptive – analytical method. To collect the required information, documents, library and field studies have been used. In the present study, three types of questionnaires were designed for residents, pedestrians and workers of the 17 Shahrivar Pedestrian path which were analyzed after survey. The sample size of the resident, pedestrians, and working populations were 180790 and 1400000 people and 400 trading units, respectively. According to Cochran sample volume formula, respectively, 383, 384 and 196 questionnaires were computed and distributed using the cluster random sampling method. For final assessment of the reliability of the questionnaire in pre-test, Cronbach's alpha was used which was assessed as excellent for all three groups. Finally, for analysis of the questionnaire, Kolmogorov– Smirnov, single sample and multiple regression tests were used. The findings of the research show that the construction of the 17 Shahrivar pedestrian is closer to its social and tourism goals and most people who use this route are residents of the pedestrian area. The results show that for all three groups, Pedestrian path construction was negative in terms of social aspect, yet regarding the economic aspect, it had a positive effect. The significance level of the test for all components is less than zero, that is, the construction of the pedestrian on 17 Shahrivar has affected all the components of the social index. It is observed that the components of social interaction are at a high level because the average difference with the value of the test is greater and larger than zero, that is, the construction of the pedestrian route on 17 Shahrivar in Tehran has increased the social interactions of all three groups of residents, pedestrians and employed people. In this way, the firs t part of the firs t hypothesis are assured with 95% confidence. In relation to the second hypothesis, the results of t-test for the economic index in the three groups of residents, pedestrians and employees indicate that the significance level of the test in each of the three groups is less than 0. 05 and the difference between the mean and test value is zero. It means that the construction of the 17 Shahrivar roadway in terms of all three groups did not improve the economic index. Therefore, the second hypothesis is rejected with 95% confidence.

Learning is the result of personal beliefs and attitudes, environmental, and behavioral factors that many researchers state that each of them can affect other two factors. On the other hand, self-regulated learning is aligned more closely with educational aims refers to learning that is guided by metacognition (thinking about one's thinking), strategic action (planning, monitoring, and evaluating personal progress against a standard), and motivation to learn. Researchers found that any development of self-regulated learning is governed by a variety of interacting cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. Self-regulated learning refers to the ability to understand and control learning conditions through setting goals, selecting strategies to achieve them, implementing those strategies, and monitor the progress towards them. These factors are the main and most important factors in developing an architectural design too. So you can imagine one with these abilities can become a successful designer and if it is true, the educational system must try to enhance these abilities as a predictor of success as mentioned above. Metacognitive training means increasing individual abilities in the discipline of cognitive processes and their control on their cognitive processes, which plays an important role in improving it, including reasoning, rational thinking, problem-solving and critical thinking. Problem solving is the main trend in architectural design education, so finding the relationship between student’ s successes in architectural design, their metacognitive abilities can be a primary indicator of attention to metacognition based teaching method as a valuable method in architectural design education instead of our today’ s cognitive method. Therefore, the present study aims at determining the problem of whether there is a meaningful relationship between their meta-cognitive beliefs and the undergraduate architectural design course scores and sketch grades, as the first step towards the formulation of meta-cognitive teaching methods in architectural design. Therefore, a survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire among 208 of senior students of architecture design lessons among universities in Tehran city. They were asked to complete a meta-cognitive belief questionnaire and a questionnaire related to their cognitive knowledge in architecture and architectural experience as well as their grades in architectural design courses and draw an architectural sketch that graded by three professors in the field of architectural design. The results show that the demographic variables such as age, gender, and the economy, as well as the level of their knowledge and experiences in the field of architecture, have no significant relationship with their architectural design scores. However, the results of correlation and regression analysis of data showed that subclass of positive beliefs about worry, cognitive self-consciousness, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts have positive effects on their architectural design scores and there is a significant relationship between the metacognitive ability of the individual and his ability to design the architecture. Instead of its importance in the architectural design process, it has less connection with Architectural sketch scores as a creative process. So the results may use as a hypothesis of using Metacognitive teaching methods in Architectural design courses of undergraduate Architecture students.

Architectural training before the issue of the involvement of architecture, is an affiliated concept. . Architectural training as one of the structures of multidimensional of the main topic of “ Education” has many aspects in developing approaches. The growth of academic education need to expand to a qualitative development in Iran. According to the Islamic Azad University Vision for achieving to the qualitative development in the fourth decade, this research attempt to identify and measure the criteria and indicators of quality evaluation for the faculty of Art and Architecture of Roudehen Branch of Islamic Azad University. Review the approaches and theories related to the concept of quality to achieve the criteria and indicators that can interact with the existing structure of the educational system architecture are cases that have investigated in this paper. Based on a review of research also formed and Inspired by categories such as documents and issues affecting research, including development plans and structures are affecting the education system architecture have been analyzed in this section in order to achieve a comprehensive model in the study. Faculty of Arts and Architecture as the large s t training center for art and architecture in East of Tehran needs to serious attention based on a developmental process. On the other hand, Higher education quality, consistent input, process, output and outcome standards to improve the system of higher education activities with regard to the mission, goals and expectations defined and developed higher education systems. Universities are evaluated has reached its goals, mission to fulfill and respond to the expectations. The aim of this research was about the investigation of Priorities and strategies for the Quality of Architectural Education in the faculty of art and architecture, Islamic Azad University-Roudehen branch. According to growth of the faculty and in order to achieve to the great goal of Islamic Azad University for Qualitative Education, study and research to forming the indicators of quality of education and the structure of architectural training for checking the priorities and strategies. The purpose of this research is applicable and the collected data are descriptive. Because this study was to review the current situation is concerned, in the field of research is descriptive, and because it is the people's opinions through a questionnaire survey. The resulting model to determine the variables affecting the quality and impact of the research in general will apply in different schools So that after the evaluation model and the representation of the findings to provide priority and payment solutions. In order to collect the required data, the questionnaire was designed criteria and indicators were extracted from the literature. The questionnaire contains 90 questions, and item was based on the Likert scale. Research variables formed from researches and based on that designed the questionnaire for lecturers. The statistical universe size and the sample size (N=72, S=60) calculated. Validity and reliability assessed with Convergent Validity, Divergent Validity, and Composite Reliability and on all factors obtained appropriate results. Among 26 Hypothesizes, 19 Hypothesizes confirmed. Finally, 10 Priorities identified and the strategies presented.

Deteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claim to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of improving objective and economic quality of life, there are claims regarding the lack of any improvements in their subjective quality of life. Above physical reforms, renewal actions in deteriorated textures should consider the issue of enhancing residents’ quality of life. Hence, besides considering physical aspects, renewal thoughts mu s t also seek to provide and promote their quality of life and satisfaction. The Tehran Renewal Organization through 1388-92 with the aim of achieving democratic renewal has tried to follow renewal actions with residents of the neighborhood and in keeping existing human and community development. This organization defined five activities: Social activities in order to identify the neighborhood for Awareness and informing the residents; Integration and renewal; improving the quality of construction; Environmental sanitation and the definition of stimulus projects. The aim of this article is to explain the relationship between residential satisfaction of local residents with renewal actions of Tehran Renewal Organization. To achieve this, fir s t, the aspects of residential satisfaction in deteriorated textures will be discussed. Then, the status of these aspects in renewal experiences will be reviewed. Accordingly, the aspects of achieving residential satisfaction in these fabrics are explained via deductive reasoning method. Based on historical research method, renewal experiences are studied regarding the aspects of residential satisfaction. Residential satisfaction in deteriorated fabrics is influenced by physical-environmental, services, socio-cultural, managerial, and economic aspects. According to aspects of the theoretical framework to examine this issue in renewal experiences through 1388-92 in Tehran, three neighborhoods Hashemi in 10 district, Moghaddam in 17 district and Takhti in 12 di strict were selected as samples in Tehran based on the cluster analysis, k-means method. Target population are residents of neighborhoods that their homes renovated through 1388-92. Then based on Cochran formula 325 questioner was determined to be distributed in the neighborhoods. Questionnaires were distributed and were filled through systematic method in neighborhoods. The data of the questionnaires analysis by statistical methods such as regression and factor analysis in SPSS software. Based on outcome of Exploratory Factor Analysis, seven factors (residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood, The physical condition of housing units, Local Facilities and Services, Social-economic situation, Physical conditions of Neighborhood) defined as factors of residential satisfaction in these neighborhoods. The general characteristics of the residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood residents account for a high percentage of residential satisfaction. Based on renewal actions that done in these neighborhoods and results of regression analysis, Social activities, integration and renewal and environmental sanitation associate with residential satisfaction. Activities in the field of improving the quality of construction and development stimulus projects although were defined in renewal activities but has not been considered in the following years and effectiveness of them on residential satisfaction cannot be investigated.

Kish Island is known as one of the most important Iranian centers of business and recreation. Its specific geographic situation and its name which has become a brand of urban tourism among Iranians, have increased attention to the island and subsequently added to the constructions there to meet the needs of tourists and investors. Structures that turn the southern part of kish into a workshop for beautification, prosperity and inquiry of northern and eastern part of the island. So this Island has witnessed many constructions due to the growth in population and increased demands. High-rise buildings and luxuriant designs are among the basic principles of these constructions which are based on the spirit of the time. However, the spirit of place (physical and content aspects) of Kish Island, which has its own defined principles has been ignored. The identity of a city plays an important role in its formation as a place. However, in modern times, due to the changes in some basic concepts, understanding the components of a city's identity has become a basic question. So the thing that is now more important than the other points is protection and restoring the spirit of living (Revitalization) of these areas and also maximum utilization of its potentials. Identity is a term whose depth of meaning cannot be clarified using letters and words, any part of the earth like any object or organism has its own identity, spirit and unique features, as well as events that can only be found in that place. In simple words, every corner of the earth like the man has a metaphysical aspect besides the physical one. Physical and metaphysical properties together make every place's identity. In this article we want to find the identity components in Kish Island and after that we can maximize our use of the potentials of the place in accordance with the environment to achieve socio-economic prosperity. The research method used in this study is interpretation and analysis. First, by collecting and analyzing related data collected from literature review and library research, the theoretical issues are clarified. Then, research findings and conclusions are presented based on data collected through field study in Kish Island. Based on findings of the library research and questionnaires it was concluded that 3 groups play a more important role than others in introducing identity-making elements of Kish: 1-Designers and policy makers, 2 – tourists and visitors, and most importantly 3-residents. And the elements which make the urban character and identity of the island can be classified as follows in term of physical and content dimensions. So Identity is an integral part of the city just as each person is living with and is recognized by his/her identity. Proper understanding of the spirit and identity of place and combining it with the needs resulting from the spirit of time can help reveal the inner beauty of cities beyond just decorating it. It can open a window for the architecture of Iran and Kish Island.

Nowadays, children all around the world constitute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover, in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human capital of this country, and are as such, an important demographic in this country’ s society. Therefore, it is a critical matter that children should be considered in the process of urban planning and design. As UNICEF express it, the primary responsibility for ensuring that children’ s right are realized lies with governments and other stakeholders such as civil society organizations, private sector, academia and media, as well as children themselves. Given that, public and government officials, city managers, top executives and private firms should collaborate with each other to set out a series of normative principles for city planners and urban designers taking consideration of children needs. It is safe to say that children needs consist of many factors such as environmental, social, educational, cultural, healthcare, and more importantly safety needs. Broadly speaking, it is the city, town or community’ s task to protect children from violence, abuse and exploitation where they can grow up healthy with utmost care. Hence, investigating, determining and identifying the characteristics of a safe and secure environment for children (or even adults) is crucial to this matter. The citizen’ s security and ways of promoting it have been considered as priority of urban designer, this urban security promotion and improvement, have beneficial aspects on cultural and social traces and relics that related to citizen’ s behavioral pattern that enhance the residential environment quality through urban crime and violence reduction. As the matter of fact, in the past few decades, there has been a change in understanding of how crime and violence reduction should be achieved. Taking into account the above, several researchers have offered concepts of defensible spaces to planners and designers in order to create and shape a more secure and safer public space which reduces the crime and violence rate. The attempt has been made to introduce the role of urban fabric and its physical aspects, and makes clear the principles, paradigms and the theoretician strategies approaches. Moreover, examined here are the experiences gained around the world with regards to the design of safe public spaces. Given that, The effort has been made to foster the factors which are affected to the urban spaces safety, the necessity of the safe urban theories relates to this manifest: nowadays, the urban fabric potentials and physical aspect have been not considered in urban crime reduction that enhance the quality of life and urban satisfaction. This research result shows that the crime commission and violence can be reduced by using practical urban design criteria. The attempt has been made to cultivate the factors which are affected to the urban security. By attention to the positive aspects of the safe and secure urban public spaces, and their influence on children, we shall arrive at certain deductive principles or guidelines for safe public urban spaces in our cities.

Following the growth of urbanization, providing and housing choice has become one of the most important issues for both people and planners. Among factors, housing policies and planning, due to the dominance of economy as well as lack of proper housing indicators, quantitative housing indicators have overcome qualitative indicators and therefore the most attention of planners have focused on providing housing. Although housing is one of the needs of human beings, each type of housing is not considered. In fact, desirable housing is the ideal need of human beings. Thus, the aim of this article is the explanation of housing qualitative indicators in according to the votes of urban theorists and analyzing the experiences of housing. The finding suggests that for explanation desirable housing both characteristics of building of housing and the neighborhood, which the house is located must be considered. In addition, housing qualitative indicators include multidimensional characteristics. First place housing of the human needs as a shelter, is not only supposed to protect humans from environmental conditions, but also housing is more than a physical shelter and should provide all the personal and public necessary services for having a better human life. According to the definitions, the factors which influence the quality of housing indicators in addition to the residential unit include building and its residential environment where it is located and the quality of housing means trading between these territories. So when it comes to the quality of housing, this quality includes all the realms. Attention to the human needs at any time and place will affect the environment. Hence, a high quality housing which can be capable to respond human needs must foremost provide access to necessities for life and feel safety in order to be able to enjoy the beauty of the residential environment and try to promote it (Available, safe and secure, appropriateness and benefit, Beautiful and pleasant housing). Also, from the other side, these spaces are included Dimensions that are proposed. Based on literature review, the space constructive dimensions are: Physical-spatial, functional, perceptual, environmental, socio-cultural and economic. As an example (in the unit no neighborhood), the quality of Available in the Physical-spatial dimension of housing is a quality that refers to the relationship between the physical variables of the residential unit, such as the size of housing, the amount of open space of housing with the needs of the household. The quality of Available in the functional dimension: this quality that implies the relationship between the variables of the residential facilities unit for more comfortable such as the number of parking spaces, the number of rooms, the facilities for heating and cooling, the yard, the play area for children and the lobby. studies show that the study territory of optimal housing is the study of the qualities in the residential unit, the building and the environment in which the residential unit is located. Also, the quality indicator of housing includes qualities that shape the dimensions of the housing and transform it into a multidimensional problem.