HOVIATESHAHR
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

Endogenous development model is an undeniable necessity for today's architecture and urbanism. Iran is a country which requires an especial development to approach goals for sustaining food, education, hygiene and hope, righteously. Iranian urban designers do not note the sustainable and endogenous development in their projects since their only basic goal is urban growth. Hence, the most urban and architectural problems relates closely to the difference between growth and development. While development is a qualitative matter, growth refers to a quantitative one. Endogenous development is quite a qualitative model that covers a comprehensive domain. This paper tries to examine contemporary architecture in Esfahan through one of the most harmonic models of development theory named Endogenous Development by an analytic research method. Urban residential density is the main topic, examined through Endogenous Development model in Esfahan. The result shows that the existing residential density condition in this city is too far from Endogenous Development proposition.At the end, via a synthetic approach, a new model derived from Endogenous Development named Score model is suggested to be able to reform and change unsuitable residential urban and architectural density in Esfahan and make it closer to Endogenous Development targets.

In description of the concept of identity and communications and their feed back toward city, what required an independent and comprehensive debate, is a following questionnaire of the physical aspect of city and identity, however, a question evokes that whether this is physical aspect of city following identity or identity following physical aspect? This paper pointing some definitions and concepts related to the concept of identity, probes into this fundamental question. In current study, analytic-descriptive research method is applied so as to find an answer for the question regarding "logical reasoning". Forwards and in a logical and deductive reasoning approach, it studies the presentational issue.Results of the current study indicate that identity of city is somewhat innate and internal affecting the physical aspect of city, and as a result, physical façade of those cities dependent on a specific culture and ideology become different from those of other cultures and structures. In fact it lies in a mutual relation that the physical aspect of city is shaped and then existing physical aspect causes continually and alterations and consequently sustainable changes in identity concepts and components of a state.

This paper argues that globalization has localized its polarization effects and operational requirements largely because of growing significance of information technology and the emergence of knowledge-based, or “learning,” communities. This paper proposes “community capital” an organizing concept for the field of community development. While the concept of capital is not new, “community capital” is novel in that it is larger than the sum total of economic capital, human capital, social capital, physical capital, digital capital and the like. The concept brings together the core concepts of the four disciplinary pillars of planning-matter, value, institutions, and space-into a single interdisciplinary conceptual framework. Thus, applying the concept of community capital helps resolve a key cause of the failure of territorial planning. The paper then examines the concept of “community capital” by underscoring its key advantages. First, “community capital” has a built-in spatial dimension, but here “space is community,” and as such it is an element of societal unity. Second, the societal concept of space allows for time-space integration, creating the context for material, social, institutional, and spiritual advancement of community life. And third, the built-in capital conception of “community capital” captures the significance of many otherwise underutilized and embedded community assets, including the non-codified knowledge that is often exchanged at various community places and gatherings.

Isfahan is a city wich is made of primary life cores and "Joybare" that means "the city of flowing rivers" has been the biggest and the main core of this city development.  Zayandehrood and it's tributaries have played an important role in gathering surface waters, agriculture and flourishing Isfahan city. During urban development along with congestion of buildings and devastation of intra-city gardens and surrounding farms, the unique specifications and part of identity of city called "Madi" has been neglected. Pay attention and investing capital is necessity from historical, environmental, urban design, economic and other different views. The objective of this article is regard to past values of this element in development of the city, to study this factor at present and it's role in urban open spaces planning. Search method in this article is planning and environmental design that including: comparative search, analysis and field studies. The main aims are beautification environs through promotion crossing role of "Madis" as "Green Way", protection historic- identity "Madis" values and complied with functional, recreational, mental, psychological citizen necessity for Life quality promotion.

Urban development has changed a lot today due to many new problems especially cultural problems and spiritual, mental and emotional needs of the people. Growth of tendency to efficient urban development is one of the most evident of these impressions. In contrary to modern urban development, efficient urban development has no equal and universal model and each region formulates its special urban system on the basis of its human, environmental, economic, technical and scientific abilities. Nowadays, culture of the societies is considered as a social capital in urban plans and designs. In this article, concept of culture is firstly explained in different approaches with analytic approach and through analysis of content of the text and then effect of culture of the societies in all life dignifies and on urban development is studied empathizing the fact that the culture should be considered in studies in all urban plans and designs and adjustment of the plan and designs to the culture is one of the essential categories of societies stability.

The expansion of the cities is programmed that it will be able to satisfy the needs and requirements of the residents and it has always been one of the main purposes of urban planners. Considering the problems that we are faced with in programming expansion of the cities in the recent century, studying the factors that actually influence the growing of cities can be a good and appropriate guide for us in recognizing the effective factors and measuring their quantity of effectiveness in future. Considering that city size has influence on effective factors to development of cities seriously, in this research are divided cities to some groups for size primarily, and then we will study the expansion of 10 large and middle cities of Iran in the recent decades- population range in the studied cities is 350,000-600,000 people- so that we may be able to understand the causes of this issue and finally identify the common factors existing in all of them and also the specific factors for each city. In this paper has been attempted to study the expansion of the cities according to credit-worthy resources that are related to this issue and by using library studies technique.

Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and transfer those foundations and Iranian identity criteria to the methods of past. The interruption is due to neglecting the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society in creating contemporary methods. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explain the theoretical framework of the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society. Such a basis provides the possibility to optimize the revitalization and development of the progressive of civilization. The “concept of transition” that origins from the monotheism beliefs of the Iranian society creates this framework with the criteria of “possibility of transitions” and “reminding transition” and involves many of the principles and criteria of Iranian identity.This article has endeavored to study theoretical documents of the society and cases and MASADIQ especially in Iranian architecture. The results of this research can act as a theoretical framework in harmony with Iranian identity in architectural projects.

The population of Iran has expanded rapidly in the last decades notabley in city areas. Current housing construction has been unable to satisfy the demands some imported industrialised, prefabricated concrete and steel building systems were introduced into Iran to respond to the increasing demand for house building and to improve building construction generally, but these efforts have largely failed. Despite this failure, it is generally understood that industrialised building is the only practical solution to the current problems in Iran of housing shortages and poor quality. This shortages of housing and lack of a relevant construction system to satisfy the demand, are the reasons of this research, and presenting a solution for this problem is, its main aim. Rather than introducing radically new methods of construction which ignore the existing structure of the Construction Industry and construction skills, improvements may be achieved by building upon this structure and the skill. So, neither traditional methods of construction, nor modern imported technology can meet building construction demands successfully; a blend of the two is necessary. It must be noted that besides socio-cultural conditions, any change must consider the present structure of the Construction Industry and the climate natures such as earthquakes in the country.

Improvement of visual-formal qualities of the urban public realm plays an important role in urban design and improving the environmental quality. Identifying, organizing, meaningful design and conservation of visual axes toward typical visual values are the key factors influencing the visual-formal quality of the urban public realm. To identify and introduce the global rules governing the meaningful design of typical intra-urban visual axes, this study was devoted to recognition of the common characteristics of such visual axes through descriptive, analytical, comparative methods of research as well as literature review and use of photo documentation. Role of the visual axis in realization of aims and theoretical principles of urban design is also considered. Results of the present study would suggest an emphasis on such necessary criteria as considering the visual axis as system with visual quality, application of topography and level difference in visual axis design, the function of view shed as a public realm which could be used publicly, a desirable constraint and appropriate body elevation to emphasize on the role of visual qualities in visual axis design, consideration of role of behavioral place in visual axis design, amplification of invitation through some specific function of the body or the end element, and employing the characterized ecological elements in design and improvement the visual axes.

Art is a motive for achiving the aim and creating successful and permanent works certainly originating from human nature. Also this is the case in relation to architectural styles, i.e. all of them are in the human range but as a whole they reach God. In defining the architecture, it is consumer concern, i.e. mankind must be considered. So, God spirit deposited and reflected in mankind, should be studied and analyzed as the common aspect of all affairs including architecture at large and by this, humans can become close together. This article tries to find the above-said common aspect arising from human needs by conducting a comparative study about urban planning methods of the renaissance period and Isfahan school (of architecture). In order to do this, at first the manner of development and expansion of Isfahan city in Safavieh era has been compared with that of Rome City in the renaissance and then the relationship between political power centers and religious centers has been addressed. Studying the spatial proportions and conversation of the elements shaping 2 squares Naghsh-e-Jahan and Compidoglio would Clarify the common frames of art high spiritual rank.