TARIKH WA TAMADDUN-I ISLAMI
Year:2012 | Volume:7 | Issue:14|Papers Count:9

The entry of Islam to Iran and then immigration of the Arab tribes to that country had some great and essential political, social, cultural and economical effects on it. Because the migrants had different motivations, they didn’t just consist of military forces and primitive people, but also included all the Arab Tribes and groups. Although the migrants were in minority, they had enormous and deep effect on Iranian society and they had accepted may of Iranian’s values, because these group’s religion and political affairs were prevalent among Islamic nations. The article is considering the consequences of Arab migration to Iran until the end of Umayyad period.

Kash is a common name for several places in Islamic world. Several mentions has been made of keshi’s in Rejal sources, history and geography; this article is an attempt to identify six places named kesh according to different records, geographical places, and the associated scholars, as well as the misapplications in the use and the attributed scholars.

From the early time of Islam, the holy prophet and his followers in encountering and calling outsider and insider impiouses, who are respectively called in Quran “Kafir/Mushrik” and “Munafiq/Fasiq”, have been using Quranic terms and phrases. Studying social history of religious language in Islam and observing so many evidences from different theological, juridical, historical and literary texts, it is seen that many users of the imprecation and expletive during the religious disputations and controversies, by referring to Quran have accredited their language. In many cases, inaccurate perceptions of the verses about infidels and heretics have led some muslims to use the terms and phrases of these verses against opponents and rivals in combinations, reprimands, charges and different theological, political and social arguments, by means of analogy and generalizing. In this survey, by presenting some historical samples it has been attempted to investigate the perceptions of the mentioned verses and briefly show how the inaccurate interpretations and abuses of them instead of unifying may result in separation and divergence.

Dasht-i Kipcak is a name used in the Islamic geographical and historical sources for the vast plains of northwest Asia, West Kazakhstan and southern present-day Russia (Eurasian steppes). Research in the Sources indicates that this name appears in various forms. Despite the high frequency of the name in the sources, especially from the fifth/eleventh century onwards, because of the existing brief and concise information, it is not possible to conceive the geographical borers of this plain. However, it is clear that this plains up to the Mongol domination in the early seventh/thirteenth century, inhabited and dominated by the confederation of the Kipcak (Kipchak) tribes. Reasons such as non-existence of a State and the central power with known Territories and clear frontiers in Dasht-i Kipcak, scattering of the Kipcak tribes in the vast plains and the continuation of nomadic life of Kipcak s during nearly two centuries of their domination on the steppes, are the major obstacles that make it difficult to determine exact borders of Dasht-i Kipcak.

The Iranian music as many cultural and social manifestations and was affected by safavids era. The Iranian’s life style got so many effects from politics of safavids government. These effects also in the periods of various kings were different. In the age of first Shah Abbas because of his tendency to the music, it developed. But in the ages of Shah Tahmasb and Shah Solayman because of Jurists, domination on them, they were against the music. At that time this art was going to decline, the musicians were left their country and this art became weak. Because of these issues many of them migrated to the other lands out of the Safavids territory.

Sagban or Sekban as one of the court jobs were allocated a special place in the hunting sector in Iranian states and Ottoman. This term in the Ottoman administration -as compared with the administration of other states- is more prominent and There was many changes in this term. According to the needs and conditions of the Ottoman administration, the sagbans in addition to the court functions, has used as military force and also their court duties Was forgotten over time. With the continuing militarization of Segbans, this term be synonymous with Warrior or Soldier and was used exclusively in military affairs.

The food culture of Iranian people has been an aspect of Iranians’ everyday life which in spite of throughout changes that were the result of officialization of Shi’ism, has not been so shifted or modified. In fact, Shi’ism couldn’t be supposed as an effective factor in making any religion-based change in nutrition system of the ordinary people at this period. Nevertheless, along with the Islamic general recommendations about eating rites (adab al-akl) and the pattern of proper and improper acts /rights and wrongs which believers were supposed to consider in their food behaviors, some Shiite teachings and particularly the religious occasions have formed some food habits of Safavid-Qajarid people or at least have resulted in some certain regulations in these habits. Upon this survey, most of these teachings are originated in general Islamic tradition and the resulted changes of Shiite teachings, are mainly manifested in public feedings and vow (“nadhr”s) rites in Shiite temporal or local situations, mostly in a popular religion approach.

The book of History of Islam is one of the well known books written by late Dr Ali-Akbar Fayaz (1277-1350 solar calendar) which first published in 1327 solar calendar. Since then it has been reprinted for many times by the University of Tehran. Dr Fayaz in this relatively short literary work, presented a documentary and excellence report from important and long era of history of Islam. The book has many strength points (using many valid references, well written text, following scientific neutrality) but it has also some weak points. If we ignore unsuitability of the reprint, the chapters are not in the right order. Presenting some subjects irrelevant to the title of the book, not uniform referring method, disturbing brevity, using not clear sentences, some wrong geographical addresses, recording some inaccurate dates, careless recording of some historical events are other weak points that should be considered. He hast also not criticised some of the historical reports. In this paper the book has been revised in two sections.1. From outer elements points of view: writer, publisher and printing, readers and background of the literary work.2. From inner elements points of view: title, volume, dividing into chapters, references, writing style, context of the book and style of the writer.