Anatomical Sciences Journal
Year:2015 | Volume:12 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Introduction: Cervical rib is relatively uncommon congenital abnormality that originates from the seventh cervical vertebrae and rarely from the sixth vertebrae. The purpose of this paper is to consider that this abnormal condition is an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet.Methods: In this study all patients who were referred to radiology department of Isfahan hospitals (Iran) for chest X-ray or other cervical films, for any reasons, were evaluated for cervical rib and anyone who had this abnormality was entered in this study. Here, we performed Nerve Conduction Velocity Test (NCV) and Doppler sonography, depending on the vascular or neurological symptoms.Results: The results of this study show that the incidence of the neurological compression was higher than vascular compression. In addition, the prevalence of neurological complication in female was high (85.7%) and a significant percentage of them were above 30 years.Conclusion: Cervical rib occurs more commonly in women and have different prevalence rates in different ethnic populations. Moreover, a high percentage of them have neurological complication which is a symptom of thoracic outlet syndrome.

Introduction: Skin resistance is greatly dependent on its collagen amount and nutritional substances such as crude protein that affect the skin collagen can indirectly influence the skin resistance and increase its strength. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of in ovo methionine injection on histomorphometry of the skin layers.Methods: Thirty fertilized eggs of Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3 equal groups of 10 eggs each. On day 4 of incubation, the first and the second group (treatment groups) were injected by 40 mg and 50 mg of methionine (Met) dissolved in 0.5 mL of phosphate buffered saline into the yolk sac, respectively. The third (control) group was only received 0.5 mL of phosphate buffered saline. On the day 18 of incubation, the eggs were removed from the incubator and the embryos were killed humanely. Then, the samples were taken from the skin of thoracic region of each embryo for histomorphometric study under the light microscope.Results: The results indicated no significant increase in the epidermal thickness in Met (treatment) groups except for Met 40 compared to controls and Met 50 (P<0.05). Dermal thickness in the Met groups showed significant increase in Met 50 group compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Collagen bundles thickness of both dermis layers decreased in Met groups. Conclusion: Obtained results revealed that methionine may stimulate immature collagen synthesis.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of water exercises on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.Methods: 30 multiple sclerosis patients (40-65 years old) were selected by available sample. They were divided into control and experimental groups. The instrument was the Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) in this study. The experimental group participated in 6 weeks of water exercises. The water exercises were held 3 sessions in every week. The every session lasted 60 minutes. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA.Results: The results showed that water exercises had no significant effect on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Those only had a significant effect on the pain subscale and reduced it.Conclusion: It seems that water exercises can be used as a complementary therapy alongside drug therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: In chick embryo, endodermal component of the liver becomes split into 2 diverticula in a short time. The anterior diverticulum lies to the left of the ductus venosus and the posterior one to its right side. As the liver primordium grows, it is invaded by the embryonic veins. Based on the different incubation time periods and evolutionary origin of avian species, various times for morphogenetic events of the liver are expected. The chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) belongs to a common family with the chicken and shows 3 to 4 days longer embryonic period. This study was designed to describe normal histological and histochemical events of the liver histogenesis of the chukar partridge. It would be interesting to see how the time and sequence of developmental events of liver histogenesis are similar to those of the chick embryo.Methods: In this study, partridge (Alectoris chukar) embryos were studied from day 5 to 24 of incubation. In the course of the study, their liver 5-mm thick sagittal and transverse sections were prepared. Then, the sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) methods and studied under the light microscope.Results: During the histogenetic study of the chukar partridge liver, we noted the structures and events such as the dark and light hepatocytes, mitotic divisions, sinusoids and kupffer cells, as well as the glycogen storage in the hepatocytes and their development, also changes due to the time of incubation period.Conclusion: Although the sequential events of the liver histogenesis of chukar partridge follow the general pattern of the other birds, some differences exist in the time of formation liver components compared to other studied species.

Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. Previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin C on memory. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C against leadinduced amnesia.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative control (lead), positive control (Vitamin C, 150 mg/kg), and experimental (Lead+Vitamin C). To induce lead toxicity, the rats received water containing 0.2% Pb instead of regular water for 1 month. Passive avoidance learning was assessed by Shuttle Box 2 months later. Retention was tested 24 hours after training.Results: The results showed that lead causes impairment in acquisition and retrieval processes of passive avoidance learning and memory. However, vitamin C administration reinforced passive avoidance learning and memory. All results were significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Vitamin C administration in rats counteracts the negative effect of lead on spatial learning and memory.

There are often duplicated ureter with types of congenital anomalies and associated clinical complications. The unilateral duplicated ureter was observed as an incidence result in usual dissection. During routine dissection of the body of an adult male with middle-aged 40-50 year old, the duality of unilateral incompletely ureter was seen in above. Two branches of ureter are coalesce in 7 cm distally hilum of kidney and form a unit ureter. Right kidney and ureter were entirely normal. This variation was accruing because ureter bud split incompletely during embryogenesis. Kidney with bifid ureter forms a clear diagnosis of renal failure. These anatomical differences may exhibit pathological obstruction urinary tract and should be considered in endourological method. Awareness of relationship between renal arteries and collecting systems for applications is necessary and vital in endourological procedures and renal surgeries.

Although the delayed exfoliation of primary teeth among children is a common dental problem, simultaneous presence of primary teeth and corresponding successors is a rare feature in adults. This paper reports an unusual case in which both permanent teeth (molars, premolars, and canines) and primary teeth were present simultaneously. This report describes questions concerning the etiology of overretention of primary teeth.