Journal of Subcontinent Researches
Year:2013 | Volume:5 | Issue:15|Papers Count:11

As an honorable phenomenon and creation and a luminiferous jewel, rationality has always been among the substantial themes in poems and writings of many sagacious poets and orators enabling the literary and eloquent dominants of all countries to benefit from its merits commensurate with the circumstances and status of speech and addressees.The bright-hearted elocutionist and eminent poet, Taleb Amoli, is also one of the brilliant stars of Iran’s sky of culture and literature. In his divan (collection of poems) he has utilized the fascinating concept of rationality and rationalization in his sapient speech along with discussing diverse rational and ontological themes. The current paper deals with this aspect of his poetry.

One of the greatest figures in the Urdu literature, the brightest star in the firmament of Urdu poetry and the thinker and prose writer of eminence, Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib is a master of ghazal but he has also written influential odes in the Urdu language. Nowadays, Ghalib is more famous for his Urdu ghazals though he did not want to be judged on his Urdu Divan which he calls colorless; he took legitimate pride in his Persian works which alone he thought would enhance his reputation. He wrote about eleven masnavis in Persian. In this present article we discuss the presence of the Indian myth, Ganga and Banaras, and the Holy number of 108 in Ghalib’s Masnavi Chiragh-i-Dair.

As a result of the influence of the Persian language and literature on the Indian subcontinent and generous protection of the Indian kings from the Persian writers and poets, a great deal of works have been written in that territory including the book, Chahar-Chaman written by Chandarbahan Brahman, so called as ‘the Persian-knowing Hindu’.His complete works include lyric poems and quatrains. One of his most important works is Chahar-Chaman, a literary and historical work written in four chapters each of which is entitled ‘Chaman’. His language in poetry is simple and his poems contain concepts such as love, affection, Sufism and unity of existence which have been composed in a mystic tone.In the present research paper, in addition to providing a brief biography of Chandarbahan Brahman, we have attempted to study the most outstanding points of his book, Chahar-Chaman, and to show its significance and value.

Health tourism is one of the most important branches of tourism industry and has high economic and social benefits; people travel to access therapeutic, health and surgical cares in this process. This study aims to comparatively examine the capacities and functions effective on the health tourism in Iran and India. Research method is descriptive-analytical, and data are analyzed using SWOT model, and AHP hierarchical process has been used for weighting the internal and external factors. Results achieved in this study indicate that the weighting score of strengths in India is 3.6 with high efficiency and weighting score of weaknesses is 2.8 with low efficiency. Also, weighting score of opportunities in India is evaluated 3.6 and threatening 3.4. Tourism strengths in Iran have been assessed 3.8 and the weaknesses 3.5 with a high rate of efficiency and opportunities scored 3.8 and threats scored 1.4 with a high rate of efficiency. However, the findings of this study indicate that India managed to appropriately exploit the opportunities and strengths of health tourism and make the system's weaknesses ineffective. Health tourism planners in Iran should also take a measure to reduce weaknesses and threats of health tourism and enhance its strengths and opportunities utilizing the experience achieved in India. In the main body of the article, according to the findings of this study, instrumental strategies for expanding health tourism in both countries are presented.

Immigration of Iranian elites to the Indian subcontinent has already been studied by researchers. However, what the present study aims to explore is the way and the reasons for which Iranian physicians immigrated to India, as well as their impacts. Preliminary studies revealed that the progressive trend of such immigrations was the result of an impulsive atmosphere in Iran, on the one hand, and attractive forces in India, on the other. Tracing the ways through which Iranian physicians gained entry to Gurkani royal court, we can study their roles in academic, literary and artistic domains. Their inventions, actions and interventions in cultural, political, and academic affairs in Indian royal court helped the development of medical, political, governmental domains and eventually paved the way for integration and penetration of Iranian culture. What is concluded is that such immigrations not only familiarized Indians with Iranian thoughts but also the attempts made by Iranian physicians proved effective in the development of Islamic-Iranian culture and civilization there. A descriptive-analytic approach was adopted for this study and the related evidence was extracted from old and historical documents.

In recent years, use of technology and services related to banking are increasing. The advent of new technologies both in terms of computers and communications has transformed completely the way banks conduct their business. This new technology has opened up new vistas and hence it has brought new possibilities and opportunities for banking sector the world over. This paper tries to unfold the linkage between information technology and efficiency of commercial banks in India. The analysis shows that Information Technology has a positive impact on efficiency of banking in India and among the selected banks results show ICICI bank is working at efficient level and this bank followed by Bank of India and State Bank of India in both Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) models.

India is known as having one of the most cultural, ethnical and religious diversities in the world. Being shaped by its long history, unique geography, diverse languages, religions, music, dance, architecture, customs and traditions which vary from one place to another within the country, it nonetheless possesses a commonality and unity. India’s architecture represents a fusion of different cultures and its architecture metaphorically strives to overcome cultural and religious differences.This paper studies the Taj Mahal as a case study of cultural fusion and diversity. Taj Mahal marks the zenith of Moghul architecture and expresses a fusion of various structural traditions. These traditions include Persian, Central Asian, pre -Moghul Indian and European architecture. Early Moghul rulers like Akbar Shah chose assimilation and incorporation rather than completely subjugating and eliminating the Pre-Islamic culture of India. The architectural diversity seen throughout India is a reflection and representation of the diversity and multiculturalism seen in Indian society. By scrutinizing on the Taj Mahal monument, we observe how multiculturalism in India has had strong effects on cultural identity of India including its architecture.

The province of Sistan and Balochistan shares a border of more than 1100 kilometers with Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Baloch living in Sistan and Balochistan (Iranian Balochistan) and Pakistani Balochistan have similar customs and traditions. Several factors account for interaction between the two populations. Socio-cultural and economic factors are the major source of interactions. Trade is the economic foundation of the border region. So, because of the vast boundaries, across the border, illegal trade is common among settlers of both sides. The study takes culture and modernity as the process of product and aims to provide a deeper insight and develop a better understanding of the influence of culture on modernity and globalization in general and its cultural tradition in Balochistan, particularly Iranian Balochistan. This paper is an attempt to examine the socio-economic and cultural inter-relations of Iranian and Pakistani Balochistan in the globalization era.

During the history of India, there had been relations between Indians and Muslims. With the foundation of independent rulerships in the east of Iran during the 3rd and 4th Islamic centuries, the form of Muslim Arab commanders’ direct attacks on the Indian lands changed into non-Arab warrior emirs’ conquests ( against the infidels). Arising of Ghaznavids in the east of the Islamic lands and the thought of conquering India by Sultan Mahmud was the beginning of this trend. Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi launched sixteen or seventeen attacks on the wealthy country of India. Of course, these attacks were started by Sabuktiginand reached their peak during the time of Sultan Mahmud and were continued by his successors severely. The reasons for these military expeditions can be dealt with from three different but related aspects:Firstly, India was a rich and wealthy country in which Ghaznavids’ wars (against infidels) meant access to a lot of wealth which could be a powerful support for the survival of the Ghaznavid army-based government. Secondly, one of the main reasons could be religion; that is, the invasions were launched for the sake of spreading the religion of Islam through which they wanted to gain legitimacy. Thirdly, there was a problem resulted from the presence of the army in the center of the government.The present research deals with the reasons and consequences of Ghaznavids’ invasion and conquest of India which continued throughout the Ghaznavid dynasty. The first attack was launched from the north of India, and the way Ghaznavid sencountered and governed the Indian conquered lands was different from that of other conquerors.

Iqbal Lahouri is one of the distinctive and pioneer Islamists whose works have great importance regarding their reference to the Holy Quran, Prophet’s Tradition, and cultural and civil heritage of Islamic civilization. His Islamism, on the one hand, was a reaction toward the performance and action of the West, and its intellectual and philosophical schools, and on the other hand, an ideological rereading of religious decrees, Prophet’s behavior, and retrieval of intellectual heritage of Islamic civilization; in sum, a conscious and creative return to a religious, cultural and historical ego. In this reading, Islam is a religion of Human Nature and it is not only the route to salvation and freedom of Muslims but also the prescription of salvation for all humanity, and its revolutionary dynamics are consistent with the temporal needs. A great part of Iqbal’s Islamist ideas are manifested in his Kolliyat (total poems) of Persian Poetry which can be categorized in 5 sections as below: 1. subject of the Holy Quran and Islam’s Prophet, 2. endeavor to promote Islamic unity and Brothership, 3. self-knowing and primarily attention to intellectual and civil heritage of Islamic civilization, 4. religious innovation and ideological rereading of religious decrees, 5) combat against the intellectual discourse and hegemony of the West culture.