JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

In this study, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been used to estimate the importance of oil products and electricity with other factors in production of agricultural products. The results of this research indicate that the estimated long-run coefficients for the factors of labor, capital, oil products, and electricity have been significant and equal to 0.29, 0.11, 0.06, and 0.45 respectively, which indicated positive role of mentioned factors including oil products and electricity in agricultural production over the study period (1967-2004). Also the coefficients of mentioned factors were equal to 0.029, 0.12, 0.098, and 1.63 respectively. The comparison of the estimated long-run coefficient and also the standardized coefficient of electricity factor with the corresponding amounts of oil products showed importance of electricity factor in production of agricultural products. Therefore, use of electricity instead of oil products, besides reduction in consumption of oil products, could lead to reduction in pollution. Comparison of short-run with long run coefficients showed that although the effect of factors including oil products and electricity on production were considerable in the long-run.Finally, the coefficient of error correction component showed that 7 percent of the disequilibrium error of former period is adjusted in succeeding period. This leads to the conclusion that adjustment speed is low in agricultural sector.

The objective of this study was to investigate the poverty determinants and welfare changes among rural households of Sistan district (Zabol township) over 1376-1383period. To achieve the objective of study, data from Household Expenditure Survey was applied. Total net per capita expenditure of households was regarded as welfare criterion in poverty determinants investigation.Household head characteristics, age combination of the children and squared household size were applied as poverty determinants. The results showed that the age of household head, age combination of children and squared household size were among the determinants of poverty in rural Zabol. The findings revealed that the share of poor population decreased from over 60 percent in 1376 to about 33 percent in 1383. Investigation of welfare changes also showed a tendency of expenditure toward goods with lower necessity. A yearly growth of 2.21 percent was also found for per capita net expenditure.

The main objective of this paper was to study the globalization effect on saffron export. Regarding the relation among import, domestic supply and demand, a model including cropping area, yield, domestic demand, and export functions by using data set over 1359-83 (1980- 2004) was estimated. Integration of International Trade (IIT) was applied as a criterion to determine the effects of globalization. Based on simultaneous test, equations were found to be simultaneous. Considering the high share of Iran in supplying saffron to world market, indignity of world price of saffron was investigated. The results revealed that word price of saffron was not endogenous, i. e., despite the high share of Iran in word production of saffron, it has not play effective role in price formation. Based on the findings, it was revealed that increased convergence of Iran’s economy toward global economy, ceteris paribus, would affect saffron export considerably.

The purpose of this paper is to study comparative advantage of agricultural crops in Fars province and comparing it with Marvdasht Township. For determining of comparative advantage of agricultural crops, PAM matrix was used. Farm-level data were collected from a sample of farms located in the Marvdasht area selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling and appropriate questionnaires completed through interviewing with farmers. The survey provided detailed information on the production patterns, input use, crop production yields, constraints, prices of the inputs and outputs, social and personality characteristics of farmers. Needed data about world prices of crops and inputs, exchange rate, domestic and world price indices obtained and complemented by official statistics such as reports of annual agricultural statistics, annual central bank, annual trade and FAO statistics. Results of the study indicated that Fars province had a comparative advantage in producing barley, corn, watermelon, melon, onion, tomato, cotton, potato, beans, peas, lentil and comparative disadvantage in producing wheat, rain fed wheat, rice, cucumber and rain fed lentil. Also, Results of this study indicated that Marvdasht township had comparative advantage in producing wheat, rain fed barley, corn, watermelon, melon, onion, tomato, potatoes, beans, peas and comparative disadvantage in producing rain fed wheat, rice, lentil and rain fed lentil.

The current study has explored the internal meat and beef market structure using simultaneous equation with new empirical Industrial organization (NEIO) method. Data were collected for 1971-2005 period .Also, Herfindal index was used as a variable in marginal market equation. Results showed that the market power and cost efficiency impacts in meat production and distribution were 0.114 and -0.523, respectively. In fact producers did not have market power and could not influance on prices. Production firms had cost efficiency and market profit.

The main purpose of this study is to estimate the model of wheat supply reaction with rational and adaptive price expectation during 1983- 2005 periods, and to investigate the role of expectation in farmers' behavior. The results showed that model of supply reaction based on rational and adaptive price expectation was more suitable for estimating the supply model. Land area, expectation prices and bred seeds had significant effect on wheat supply. Also, some factors such as rainfall had important role to increase production.

The main objective of this study is to determine factors affecting investment in agricultural sector of Iranian economy. For this purpose ARDL method was used to determine investment elasticity of effective factors during 1977-2005.Results indicated that capital stock and credit had positive and significant effect on agricultural investment in the long and short run. Agricultural added value and actual benefit rate were insignificant in the short and long term. Investment policies in agricultural sector would show their effect in 16 months. In addition, the results indicated that investment elasticity to agricultural credit was high in the long and short-run.

In this study decisive and fuzzy multi-objective mathematical programming methods for determination of optimum cropping pattern was introduced first and then applied in Nilab plain in Isfahan. Results of the application of the methods showed that it was possible to increase gross margin by 4 and 50 percent and employment by 31 and 21 percent by application of decisive and fuzzy programming methods respectively.Differences between two determined models showed that before making decision, it is important to select the model based on the conditions under consideration.