Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year:2004 | Volume:10 | Issue:4|Papers Count:16

1,4dihydro 2,6dimethyl 4(4.nitrophenyl) 3,5pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (DDNPD), is a new analogus of nifedipine that has no effect on calcium channels of cardiovascular system. Because nifedipine can reduce fertility in males( through effect on calcium channels on sperm membrane and inhibition of acrosomal reaction), this study was done to evaluate the effect of DDNPD on reproductive system physiology and fertility in male rats.In this research, DDNPD was injected 10mg/kg twice a day subcutaneously to the test group of adult male rats for 50 days. Control group treated with propylene glycol 1mg/kg twice a day in the same way.In the assessment of some fertility indices , we saw a significant decrease in motility and viability rate of sperm (P<0.001), the epididymal sperm reserve rate (P<0.001) and fertility rate (P<0.001) in the test group but there was no difference in testosterone level between the groups. These results are conclusive of posttesticular antifertility effect of DDNPD if injected 10mg/kg for 50 days to male adult rats.

The mechanism of the neuromuscular system's disorders in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) are not well known. The objectives of this study were to assess the dynamic balance of the AIS patients and the influence of exercise therapy on patients' dynamic balance.Eleven teenager scoliotic subjects after three months exercise therapy, nine similar patients without therapy and 13 healthy age matched subjects as control group were studied. Using dynamic stability platform, the deviation of COG of subjects in different positions, including up right standing, standing with head flexion and standing with head hyper extension were measured. The tests were repeated in both lose and stable condition of the foot platform.Results showed that the stability of the foot platform resulted in COG's deviation by 1.13 ±0.08 in all subjects. Dynamic balance of scoliotic patients without treatment was similar to that of the normal subjects. While, exercised patients had less COG deviation than the other groups. The change in head position increased the COG deviation by 2.5 times in control and non-exercised patients and 1.5 times in exercised patients. The dynamic balance in scoliosis was not affected. Exercise improved the dynamic balance in scoliotic subjects. Exercise therapy is recommended to improve the proprioceptives function.

Ultra sound due to its safety, low cost and ease of performance is the primary method of choice in liver imaging. In addition, at present time, real time sonography appears to be one of the most accurate guided technique for liver biopsy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the value of sonographically guided fine needle aspiration cytology ( FNAC) in diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions in 80 cases. All of the patients were scanned by an ultrasound machine (Aloka - 620) with 3.5 MHz probe. The best location and the most available lesions were selected and F.N.A was performed by 21G Spinal needle. The results of aspiration cytology were compared with finial diagnosis achieved by tissue biopsy, surgery or other imaging modalities such as CT scan. Final diagnosis of malignancy was established in 63 cases, corresponding with the results of aspiration cytology in 53 cases. Most of false negative cases (6 from 10) was due to small size ( under 20mm ) and deep location of lesions (above 6cmdeep), causing technical problems in performing F.N.A. According to the findings, sensitivity, specificity & accuracy of F.N.A.C for malignant lesions of liver were 92%, 90% and 91.5% respectively. On the basis of results, this procedure can be very effective, low cost and low risk in diagnosis of malignant hepatic lesions.

Zinc has important effects on structural and functional activities of many proteins and enzymes involved in biological activities specially regulation of immune system. Deficiencies of this element may result in many disease and immunological disorders.This study was carried out to examine the in vitro effects of different concentration of Zinc on viability and cell death of T-Lymphoid (Molt-4) cell line. In this study the cell line was exposed to different concentration of Zinc (10nM to 500µM) followed by incubation (37 c, 5%Co2) at periods durations (0 - 72 h). The cells were then evaluated with trepan blue exclusion dye, and light microscopy. The results of this study showed almost different responses to different amount of Zinc by The T cell line. less than 100µM of Zinc at different incubation time points had little to no effects on cell line when compared to the controls. higher concentrations of Zinc (>100µM)diminished cell viability to 70% at 12 hrs and less than 50% at 24 to 72 hrs of incubation times it can be concluded that Zinc shows cytotoxic effects (Molt-4)depending on the concentrations used.At higher concentrations it exerts cytotoxic effects.

The aim of this study was determination of frequency of painful reduced shoulder motion after long casting of upper extremity and its relation with age, sex and education.The present work was a descriptive analytic prospective study and included 388 patients who referred to Mobasher hospital of Hamadan during 2001. The selected patients in recurrent referring to orthopedic department were classified to 10 age groups and were examined by researcher in 1, 1.5 and 3 months after treatment and data was collected in check list. The primary data were analyzed with 2 & Anova by employing EPI 6.Out of 388 studied patients 73.5% after 3 months had no mobility limitation and 26.5% had some limitation. There was significant statistical difference in limitation of abduction shoulder joint movement after 1 , 1.5 and 3 months after treatment among 10 different age groups (P<0.05). Mobility limitation of internal rotation after 3 months in 74 cases (19.1%) (P=0.0001). Final mobility limitation in 59.5% of female patients and 40.5% of male patients (P=0.001). Mobility limitation in 54.1% of illiterate people , 24.5% under high school diploma and 21.4% high school diploma and higher.Painful limitation of motion in 50-80 year aged is most frequent, then early mobility and physiotherapy in this age range is indicated. There is significant relation between sex and frozen shoulder and it is more common in females also in illiterate people.

Aerobic digestion is commonly used at small plants to stabilize the organic matter in the sludge. The objective of this research was study on the efficiency of the aerobic digester for stabilization of disposal sludge from Serkan city sewage treatment plant.This study was conducted in four stages over seven months from July 2001 to March 2002. Aerobic digestion of sludge was accomplished in the bench scale with 30-liter volume on the environmental health laboratory of Hamadan Medical Sciences University. In each stage, a sample of disposal sludge from sewage treatment plant was analyzed firstly, then a number of sludge samples from bioreactor were considered for 3 weeks. Sludge samples were tested for stabilization and reuse indexes such as: the ratio of volatile solids to total solids (VS/TS), decreasing percent of volatile solids, specific oxygen uptake ratio (SOUR), total and fecal coliform (TC and FC) number. The results showed that the average amounts of VS/TS ratio, SOUR and FC density in disposal sludge of sewage treatment plant were 0.754, 3.395 and 1.93 108 respectively. The amounts of sludge stabilization indexes in bioreactor were 60% for VS/TS ratio after 15 days, 2 mgo2/gr.vs.h for SOUR after 17 days and 40% decrease of VS after 11 days. Also, the average of FC density in bioreactor sludge was 1.08 × 106 after 22 days. These result indicated that the disposal sludge from Serkan sewage treatment plant was raw and destabilized and aerobic digester could stabilized these, after 17 days. In spite of, the maximum level of microbial quality of digested sludge was in class B of USEPA regulation after 22 days. Therefore, the digested sludge may be used for reconditioning the poor soil or forest areas, but never should be used as a fertilizer for the agriculture.

Substance use disorder is the second most common psychiatric disorders and is far more prevalent among young adults (ages; 18-34y/0). Because of its importance and main effect in society, this study performed for evaluation of association fourteen childhood and adoleseence pathologic factors with substance use disorder among a group of abuser (20-30/0) that referred to five addiction center in Tehran.The sample consist 100 patients: including 50 case and 50 control who were selected by DSM- IV based semi-structured diagnostic interviews for decrease memory biases in this retrospective cohort study. The patient's parents also evaluated by DSM- IV based Semi-structured diagnostic interviews.The analysis showed significant relation between: parents control on the siblings, addiction in relatives of pt (except parents), addicted peers and friends, to be affected with the peers and friends and substance use disorder at the ages (20-30y/o). There wasn't any association between: Disruptive childhood behaviors (under 11y/o), diagnosed medical illness (under 11y/o) diagnosed Psychiatric illness (under <11y/o), physical and psychological abuse, Divorce and separation of one parents (>6 mo) , family size, socio economic state and substance use disorder at the age(20-30y/0 ). Finally some childhood and adolescence pathologic factors has association with Substance use disorder at the ages ( 20-30y/5) that these can be used for education all planning , prevention , design high risk group and remedical plans.

Routine hemoglobin check after obstetrics and gynecologic operations is common and recommended by textbooks, but there are just few literatures regarding to the value of routine Hb check. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of hemoglobin and it's effects on clinical management after obstetrics and gynecologic operations. This study was undertaken on low risk patients who underwent hysterectomy, removal of dnexal mass, C-Section, A.P repair, tubectomy and evaluation of incomplete abortion. The level of hemoglobin was obtained once before operation, then the day after opetation and at the time of discharge. The need for transfusion, re-exploration of operative site and ferrous sulfate administration due to anemia were also our outcome variables. In 671 Patients who underwent this study the mean hemoglobin - drop was 1.2gr/100ml, Hb change more than 2 units was found in 19.7%of patients and more than 3 units in 3.2%. The maximal Hb alteration was seen at vaginal hysterectomy. In this study one of patient underwent surgical re-exploration, two had blood transfusion but in all of them Hb alteration was not the reason for relevant intervention. Anemia was exhibited at the time of discharge in 106% and 73% of patients with a postoperative hemoglobin fall more than 2 and 3 units respectively.We conclude that in the absence of preoperative medical problems and intraoperative bleeding, routine postoperative hemoglobin determination is not necessary but it should be recommended at the time of discharge.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common disease in the world that imposes a tremendous health and societal burden whether that burden is measured in terms of sickness, use of health systems resources or costs. Hyperglycemia is the most important clinical sign of diabetes leading to glycation of the various proteins in the body that leads to change in their nature, structure and biochemical activity.One of the probable methods in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is decrease or inhibition of this reaction. It seems that Turmeric, Cardamom and Ginger are useful for this purpose. The main goal of this research is to determine the effect of above agents on in vitro albumin glycation. In the presence of various concentration of these agents, albumin was glycated and evaluated using TBA method.Results showed that these food additives have inhibitory effects on albumin glycation reaction with the concentration of 1 g/dl , 0.2 g/dl and 0.1 g/dl. Among these agents, Ginger had the most inhibitory effect (78%) with the concentration of 1 g/dl.The sequence of effect is: Ginger > Cardamom > Turmeric These findings showed that these agents decrease albumin glycation reaction.

Plain chest x- ray is the first imaging modality for suspected tuberculosis patients because it is available, sensitive and inexpensive. The aim of this study was to identify the plain x- ray findings in sputum positive tuberculosis patients.One hundred and fourteen plain chest films of sputum positive tuberculosis patients that referred to health center of Rafsanjan were evaluated between 1988 and 1996.This investigation was a retrospective cross sectional study that showed 92% of the cases had positive radiographic findings and 8% had normal chest x- ray. The most common radiographic findings was exudative (pneumonic) tuberculosis of lungs and other radiographic findings with decreasing frequency include: cavitation , fibro productive tuberculosis, pleural effusion, calcification, bronchopneumonia , atelectasis, lymphadenopathy bronchectasis and military tuberculosis.

Noise induced hearing loss in adults is the most cause of sensory neural hearing loss after the presbycusis and industry workers severity affect by degenerative results of that. Three large works of Hamadan city which had more than 200 Workers were selected in this demonstrative quest. The mean of sound pressure level evaluated with sound level meter which amount to 82-95 dB. Total exposed workers with higher noise than 85 dB evaluated by pure tone audiometers and otoscopic evaluation and the means of hearing thresholds in four frequency: 0.5,1,2,4 kHz balanced with previously. Method of concentration data was direct observation and questionnaire. 809 workers in local works exposed to invasive noise. 20.02% of them hadn't any hearing protector and 79.98% had, which combinated of wax or dry cotton and fiber glass (76.20%), earplug (7.42%) and earmuff (16.38%). The means of hearing thresholds workers with protector equal to 43.36 dB and without that was equal to 44.03 dB (t=0.29, Pv<0.05). Highest percentage quantity in two groups related to age -bracket 40-49 years old. Women with protection (9.43%) were more than without protector (3.7%) while the most percentage related to men without protector (96.3% in contrast to 90.57%).In totally highest percentage quantity of NIHL was in workers with past-working more than 15 years (67.54% with protector, 67.28%without protector). For awareness of degenerative results the noise in hearing large industry workers of Hamadan city 75% insignificant and 25% had efficient awareness. Not using of protectors by 20.2% of worker showing light awareness to degenerative results of noise on hearing system and poor educational healthing and noting difference in means of hearing loss at protected group on basis duration of using that, strikes the process of hearing conservation program is superficial.

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) can be seen in the middle childhood and the genetic patterns of them are X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant or recessive. The classic triad of this disease are : 1-early contractures, particularly of the elbows, achilles tendons, and posterior cervical muscles; 2-cardiac conduction defects; and 3- a slowly progressive weakness and atrophy in a humeroperoneal distribution. The early onset of contractures before the onset of any significant weakness is unique to this disease. This case study was done in two 12 and 3.5 years old brothers and their 8 years old sister in a family. The first one referred to the medical center because of his weakness muscles of shoulders and arms. The second case was referred with tip toe walking which has been started 8 months ago. The third case was referred with difficulties in walking and sitting and surgery on achilles tendons for her and the first case was performed at 4 and 8 years ago respectively. In physical examination contractures of achilles tendons , weakness of pelvic girdle muscles, positive growers sign and tip toe walking were observed in all three cases .Echocardiogram in both boys and CK enzyme in all 3 patients were normal. In ECGs a trial flutter with 3:1 AV block was seen in all 3 individuals. Muscle biopsy was nonspecific in the first case and mild focal atrophy was seen in the second case. Findings of myopathic patterns in electromyography were seen in all 3 patients. The genetic pattern of EDMD in this family is autosomal dominant. Stretching exercises and modalities such as ultrasound and hot pack were applied for these cases. The second was not responded and surgery of achilles tendons release was recommended for him.