WOMAN IN CULTURE AND ART (WOMEN'S RESEARCH)
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Along history, women were under hard afflicting oppressions and injustices. The rights women benefit today, is the result of the struggle of great people who did hard attempts for women’s rights. On this way, not only were women after social equality, but also some men worked following the same goal. So, the present paper considers the feministic opinions of John Stein Beck, the male worldwide famous writer. Beck’s canonical novel The Grapes of Wrath is analyzed by content to examine the significance of women’s rights and social roles in the writer’s world view. The process of the establishment of the feminist tendencies in the western societies and the importance of the women’s social roles are finally depicted to be two Beck’s priorities in his The Grapes of Wrath.

This research, relying on Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA), has proceed to analyze ten novels of modern Iranian men and women writers.In the field of lexicon, using marked lexicon and metaphor, and in the section of syntax, using syntactic non – norm in the texts, it has compared active vs. passive sentences, long vs. short sentences, and direct vs. indirect speech with regard to gender of the writers. In this comparison, the statistics show that the women writers use more than men writers marked lexicon, and metaphor; in the part of lexicon; and passive sentences, long sentences and indirect speech, in part of syntax. Therefore, the gender of writers plays an important role in type of producing the texts, like ideological factors.

For realists, the literature is the instrument to identify the real social logics and relationships. The school of realism objects to expand the social awareness of its readers, and it suggests them new subjects. According to this approach, the woman’s life has become an issue of the literary works. The exploration of the works written by Balzac and Jamalzadeh, the founders of the school of realism in France and Iran, depict that both were concerned on the woman’s life. On one hand, they both describe the woman’s traditional life, and, on the other hand, they reveal the influence of the Capitalism on her life. The works of Balzac and Jamalzadeh share similarities, however, their different eras, with distinct social and cultural experiences, have led into two different images of women

This study is based upon a field work in the Turkmen Sahara region. It explores one of the indigenous healing methods called Ishani taken by the Turkmen women. There are different methods of healing among Turkmen such as Porkhani, Damartotan, but Ishani is one of the most amazing cultural phenomena grown in the Turkmen culture. The root of this healing method is based upon the central Asian culture. The present paper presents the character of women healers as the method itself. Indigenous healing method is a combination of different techniques which are presented through a ritual ceremony. Such treatments have been always existed as the traditional ways of healing methods. Human being and his diseases and the treatment discovery have always integrated all over the world. The information of indigenous knowledge is one of the sources of indigenous healing. To explore, discover, and document the indigenous knowledge helps to reveal the hidden parts of the culture as well as the indigenous healings. The healer has been regarded as a Master by patient. For the native patients, the function of the healer is not only treating him, but also the process of healing is relating to the beliefs of people. This paper is concentrated on Ishani which is mostly influenced by Islam, so it is different from other healing methods specifically from Porkhani that is focused on shamanism and is streamed from the central Asian tribe.

The feminist literary criticism is a kind of criticism which deals with the masculine works and unveils the gynophobia of literary system. This school of thought believes that the masculine norms rule over literature and feminine experiences, desires, interests and emotions have turned pale and have been shown unimportant under these norms. So, the feminist literary criticism intends to reveal these masculine literary traditions by studying and analyzing texts from a gyno-oriented view to express how literary texts support gender distinctions in culture. This article criticizes three novels written by Mohammad Mohammad-Ali with a feminist approach emphasizing the significant factors such as the male chauvinism, sexual discrimination, violence, etc against women exploiting the documentary method. Women's status in Mohammad-Ali's novels gradually improves and their social relations become more and more complicated. Themes of identity exploration and self identification and also reciprocity of generations, which are amongst the most important themes of Mohammad-Ali's novels, well depict women’s gradual improvements in these stories and reveal specific approaches of the author base of a gyno-oriented view.

This study investigates the extent of acceptability and transparency of some of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) coined terms (neologisms) compared to that of the borrowed words. It also sought to see if there were any relationships between the genders of participants and the extent of acceptability and transparency of the coinages. It was, thus, hypothesized that the coinages were more acceptable and transparent to female participants. To conduct the study, 60 male and female students (31 males and 29 females) were randomly selected. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was administered. The results of data analysis indicated that the coinages were more acceptable and transparent to female participants although the differences between the two groups were not significant.

Feminists believe that the word has been defined by men so far and women have been neglected in this definition and therefore the core of all feminist’s theories constitute the equality of men and women in all social, political and economic aspects. In took years for the feminist’s theories to enter the sociology arena and today these theories pose a dominant and noteworthy presence in social science, cultural studies and sociology fields and in the reason behind the establishment of different field of women Studies in different universities throughout the word and activists of this movement are trying to depict women’s social relations from the women’s viewpoints in the society. To manage the society in the transition from traditions to modernity and the way to facing with waves of modernism and the method of interaction between the Iranian identity and the Islamic Sharia and the challenges related to the society of Iran’s women against the feminist theorles which are rooted in the history and culture of this country is the major concern of this text. The theory of research is based on the fact that there is no discrepancy between the real stance of women in the national and appearance of discriminatory feelings is the result of misunderstanding about the religious principles and bases and the partial description of them from the patriarchal viewpoint. The method of research in the thesis is based on the library method, analysis of findings and the discovery of reasons for the feminist theories in the society.