WOMAN IN CULTURE AND ART (WOMEN'S RESEARCH)
Year:2014 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Access to development and life quality improvement are ideals human’s mind. Nowadays development phenomenon besides economic programs contains cultural and social subject. One of the important subjects in development part is women's issues. In these days, even though trend to women's issues in new approaches of development has increased, but in many countries several problems of women are observed. Goal of this research is evaluation of women's position in development programs after revolution and concentration to women's issues. Also, we want to know reflex ions of approaches on goals, policies, model, program's quantitative indices and its implementations (with emphasis on Amartvasen's approaches). Thus, a relevant index has been considered. Applied method is descriptive and analytical. Analyses have been chosen based on theory pattern that is institutionalism with special emphasis on Amartvasen's approaches. Two important and necessary concentrations to women's role in development with Amartvasen's approach is better function observation about potentialities, appropriate condition in education, health, employment in women centric issues and gender inequalities negative role in other inequalities increase. Research results demonstrate so many differences between sen's opinions and first and second development programs. The most important factor in this incompatibility is that these development programs are based on economic growth. Third development program (Gender Empowerment), education, health, employment, policitical participation etc. are based on sen's approach and education, health, employment and political participation are considered. In the fourth development program, women participation development is emphasized and the government must follow program's goals about women. Dominant view in the fourth development program is the idea of gender and development. Improvement of life quality is considered through substantial changes in economic, educational and health parameters. In some cases, women has been given more priority and adapted based on Amartvasen's approach. An overview on human development, gender development and Gender Empowerment indices express during first to fourth development programs, women's situation such as health and education has been relatively improved. Indices show fewer ratios for women. In other cases such as women's income proportion, participation rate in labor force, proportion of parliament's chairs, proportion of high level managerial and legislation hasn’t changed in this period.

The purpose of present research was to investigate the prediction of internet addiction through personality traits and its relationship with perception of social interaction among female university students. This research was a descriptive-correlational study.335 students were selected randomly using cluster sampling from female students who lived in University of Yazd dormitory in 1391-92. Internet addiction scale, NEO five personality factors Inventory and Glass's perception of social interaction questionnaire were used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed using correlation and t test and regression. The results showed significant relationships between agreeableness' personality trait with internet addiction (P<0.05) and the type of conscientiousness with Internet Addiction (P<0.01). Also, there was a positive significant relationship between agreeableness' personality trait, with perception of social interaction (P<0.01) and the type of conscientiousness with perception of social interaction (P<0.05). Also, the findings showed significant relationship between perception of social interaction with Internet addiction (P<0.01) but there wasn’t any significant relationship between undergraduate students and graduate about perception of social interaction and internet addiction.

Focusing on two works of Iranian women from two generations, this paper aims to demonstrate Women Writing Tradition based on the views of Gynocritics point of view. Due to the complexity and the various interpretations in Feminism literary criticism, an elaborated review will be provided. Elaine Showalter considers three phases in women’s writing which are Femininity, Feminist and Female. In order to meet the comprehensiveness of the thesis, we took a look at the form and narration style of these works and applied them in determining the Writing Tradition of these two writers. We showed that women writing tradition in Iran had its own fluctuations and after passing the imitation/ femininity period, it passes over feminist writing toward female writing. The best example is the novel I turn off the lights by Zoya Pirzad. Although this work as an example of Female Tradition, is itself inter-textual. It can scaffold other works in future by other authors who can represent their innovations and novel styles in women writing tradition through interaction with such works.

Draw a story (DAS), by Integrate story and drawing, attempt to enter to child's emotional world and provide valuable information about the inner world of children that they are not able to express them, due verbal and cognitive limitations. The aim of present study was to evaluate Emotional content, self-image and use of humor in children of elementary school and investigate gender differences, age and socioeconomic status on these constructs by psychological analysis of the content of children's stories. In this survey and casual-comparative study, a sample of 500 primary school students from Shiraz were selected through evaluated by Draw a story test. Data was analyzed using MANOVA. Result showed that girls vs boys, high Socio-economic vs low Socioeconomic were obtained higher scores in Emotional content, self- image and use of humor. Moreover, while increasing age, children’s scores increased on measures of emotional content, self-image and use of humor.

Marriage among siblings has remained a controversial subject in the study of ancient Iranian customs and rites, especially in regard to Zoroastrianism. There have been endless debates on the existence of such a custom in ancient Iran. What have largely remained unnoticed in such a study are the religious beliefs of the ancient Iranians in the primitive forms of totemism. Totemism is an ancient form of religion that existed amongst many communities and many scholars believe that it rejected marriage between brothers and sisters and instead encouraged marriage with non-relatives in society. The present research attempts to: a) reflect some of the research done on marriage amongst siblings in ancient Zoroastrian Iran; b) use evidence from Shahnameh as well as Zoroastrian texts to show the existence of totemism in ancient Iran; c) consider such diverse researchers and scholars’ views as Freud, Durkheim, and Strauss in consolidating the theory that a totemistic society would hardly allow such marriages.

The aim of this study was to analyze the semiotic representation of patterns in the television series of male and female relationships. Therefore, using a semiotic approach to examine three popular Iranian TV series in years 2009, 2010 and 2011 were examined. The results show three different patterns in male and female relationships in several TV series: tradition discourse, semi-traditional discourse, and modern discourse. Each of these patterns have been identified in various media messages. Tradition discourse is characterized by no relationship between male and female. But the semi-traditional discourse is accepted a limited and legitimate part of the traditional relationship between a boy and girl before marriage. In both cases, the specified view is with a good representation. On the other hand, it has also been encountered in the national media with the pattern representation of the modern discourse of male and female relationships. Characteristic of modern patterns is forming strong relationships before marriage between male and female; Modern discourse has always been associated with negative representation in the national media in Iran. Conflict between "tradition and modernity" and "love of wisdom" was a major confrontation in the series television in Iran.

The overall objective of this study was effect of increasing interest in science and women in family and graduate courses and the meeting the expectations of the curriculum courses. Methods used in combination (quantitative-qualitative). The type of research was exploratory. Tools used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that their validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated experts comments and 0.89 are estimated. The population included all female students in their last year of graduate school at University of Isfahan in the academic year 2011-12. The sample size was estimated 254 person using Cochran's sample size formula. Quantitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the lack of interest in science and the development of personal and family life improvements in the MSc. course. Interviews with the questionnaire findings are not consistent. Results also revealed that demographic variables had no effect on the variables studied. Quantitative conclusions about fulfilling the expectations of the curriculum and syllabus indicate no students' expectations.

Ezzel-din Manasereh is one of the contemporary and prominent poets of Palestine whose newly comments in the realm of Palestine and resistance poem have endued him with a special place in contemporary literature due to his modern delineation in critique. Traditional characters and in particular mythical and folk female characters in Ezzel-din’s poem have great vibrancy which inspire the poet under the influences of cultural, political and social factors to insinuate aforementioned concepts in an artistic way. He invites everyone to resistance in front of the occupants and protection of Arabic and national identity using mythical female character. And thus he challenges the political and social events of his time. Applied myths in Manasereh’s poem are mostly national, Arabic and native and rarely religious. He takes advantage of myths which represent resistance and national identity and heritage such as: Zarghae, Yammameh, Maryam and Jafra. Besides national and Arabic myths he also has made use of Greece and Mesopotamian myths. As it is obvious in his poems he seldom uses Western myths and mostly depends on national origins and sources. Mythical female characters and their variations in Manasereh’s poems have been studied here. These myths are native and locally and sometimes Grecian originated and are derived from his national and transnational beliefs.