Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year:2016 | Volume:23 | Issue:1 (SN 79)|Papers Count:15

Introduction & Objective: Due to the patients’ growing interest in the use of dental implants, medical staff should be completely aware of treatment success and prognostic factors to prevent failures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different crown to implant ratio (C/I Ratio) in the posterior areas of the maxilla and mandible as one of the most important principles of biomechanics on marginal bone loss around the implant neck (MBL) Material & Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective cohort study. In this study, patients treated at a private dental implants office during the years 2013-2014 were selected. Parallel digital radiographs 6 months and 12 months after loading the implants were measured to evaluate the effects of prosthetic implants on posterior areas of the maxillary and mandibular crowns by a digital caliper. All patients were evaluated radiographically and data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 with non parametrical tests.Results: A total of 48 fixtures of SIC Implant System in 18 patients, including 28 pcs in maxilla and 20 pcs in mandible were evaluated. Statistical analysis of marginal bone level around the implant neck in radiograpy taken showed no significant difference in the effect of different C/I Ratio of marginal bone loss around implants (P=0.094). Comparison of posterior areas of the maxilla and mandible also showed no difference between the effects of different amounts of C/I Ratio of the marginal bone.Conclusion: The present study showed that the marginal bone loss was not statistically significant after the placement of implants in the posterior region of the jaw with a different range of crown–to- implant ratio from 0.87 to 2.55. Thus, it seems that there is no relationship between marginal bone loss around the implant neck with different  proportions of crown– implant and with the location of the treatment (P>0.05). 

Introduction & Objective: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among the population of most countries in the world. In Hamadan as a region with significant population in Iran, the epidemiologic studies have not previously done. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the frequency of histopathological types of primary pulmonary malignant neoplasms in patients admitted to Hamadan educational hospitals from 2005 to 2015.Materials & Methods: This research is a cross sectional study. In this study, 263 cases (225 males and 38 females) out of 429 pathology samples reported to be lung cancers were entered into the study. These data were collected at Be’asat, Shahid Beheshti and Razi pathology laboratory centers. The data were analyzed by STATA software, X2, t test and ANOVA.Results: The results show that in Hamadan contrary to the world statistics, 44.87% of patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 25, 1% had small cell lung cancer, 14.8% had adenocarcinoma and 15.2% had other types of carcinoma.85.5% of the samples were related to males and 14.45% related to females.Conclusion: This study shows that during 10 years in Hamadan province in opposite of universal studies bronchogenic lung cancer tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, tumors incidence in males are more than women.

Introduction & Objective: Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants found in drinking water supplies that can lead to serious damage to metabolic, physiological and body structures. Industrial activities like production and storage of sewage spills and improper disposal of industrial wastes as well as the exhaustion of the distribution network and the home network can cause the release of heavy metals in the drinking water. Therefore, the measurement of these elements at the point of use is necessary.Material & Methods: This cross- sectional study assessed the amount of lead, chromium, and zinc in the drinking water of Hamadan City in the winter of 1393 which can increase the risk of getting non- cancer diseases Stratified random sampling was conducted to measure the samples concentration by atomic absorption (Perkin Elmer, AAS-PEA-700 model). In order to carry out the risk characterization and sectional exposure assessment, the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency of America) were used.Results: The results showed that the average concentration of lead, chromium and zinc at the point of use of surface water resources, 10.927, 2.246 and 1305.604 the underground 19.301, 11.085 and 1613.709and mixed 20.085, 11.563 and 1299.844 , respectively and the average of exposure to risk of children is 0.078 and of adults are 0.047and lead risk index was HQ<1 for all ages. Zinc and chromium had 31.7 percent risk for<1month and 1-3 month age group and exposure to zinc and chromium, higher than the 0.3, have been 0.003, respectively.Conclusion: 41.46 percent of the samples contained Lead concentration higher than WHO standards and Industrial Research of Iran Institute of Standards and 39.02 percent of the samples had concentrations above the EPA standard. None of the samples had sectional risk for children and adults. Although the amount of chromium and zinc was sub- standard, because they are highly disease producing, the risk in the two following age groups increases: <1 month and 1-3 months. Therefore, sub- standard concentration does not mean that there is no risk.

Introduction & Objective: Skin tag is a soft, small and pedunculated lesion that is usually located on the skin folds like neck and axilla. The relationship between skin tags and dyslipidemia has been reported in several studies. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing serum lipid levels in skin tag affected subjects with healthy individuals.Materials & Methods: In this case- control study, lipid profile (serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)) of skin tag affected patients presenting to dermatology clinic of Farshchian hospital (Hamadan, Iran) was compared with lipid profile of individuals presenting to the same clinic for the reasons other than skin tags. All the data collected were analyzed with SPSS16 software.Results: In this study, lipid profile of 49 skin tag affected individuals was compared with lipid profile of 49 individuals not affected by such lesion. Mean serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were significantly higher in the affected group in comparison to control group (P<0.05).Conclusions: This study showed that the presence of skin tags could be related to increased levels of serum lipids. It is recommended that physicians consider the possibility of dyslipidemia in patients presenting with these skin lesions. 

Introduction & Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women. Chronic anovulation due to polycystic ovary syndrome predisposes women to endometrial changes. Stachys lavandulifolia is an aromatic plant belonging to the Labiatae family proven to have estrogenic properties. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Stachys lavandulifolia extract on endometrial histological parameters in a rat model of PCOS.Materials & Methods: Thirty- six adult female Sprague- Dawley rats, weighing between 17-200g were used in this experimental study. PCOS was induced by a single intramuscular injection of 4 mg Estradiol Valerate. The rats were divided into six groups; control group with no treatment, the PCOS group receiving solvent, three PCOS groups treated by multiple doses (225, 450, 900 mg/kg) of Stachys lvandulifolia extract, and PCOS group receiving clomiphene citrate (1.5 mg/kg). Extracts were injected intraperitoneally for a period of 4 estrous cycles (16 days). The endometrial biopsies were stained with Hematoxylin- Eosin and then the number of glands, endometrial glandular cell height, internal diameter of glands, height of epithelial cells and height of endometrium and pathological changes were examined.Results: The results showed that the height of surface epithelium and glandular epithelium increased and the endometrial thickness and internal diameter of glands insignificantly decreased in PCOS group compared to control (P>0.05) while the number of glands showed significant decrease (P=0.01). In addition, 40% of the rats in PCOS group showed endometrial hyperplasia. Treatment with clomiphen citrate and different concentrations of the Stachys lvandulifolia led height of glandular epithelium, internal diameter of glands, height of surface epithelium and endometrium and number of glands to become more similar to the control group, although they were not significant (P>0.05). Treatment with clomiphen citrate and 900 mg/kg concentrations of the Stachys lvandulifolia reduced hyperplasia in 35% and 33.3% of rats respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that stachys lvandulifolia dose dependently causes changes in the endometrial histological parameters of PCOS rat model.

Introduction & Objective: In recent years stem cells have been evaluated for regenerating lost tissues. Therefore, many studies aimed to assess isolation of these cells from different origins, and culture them. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from periodontal ligament of periodontitis affected teeth in melatonin contained media.Materials & Methods: In this experimental-laboratory study after tooth extraction and isolating the apical segment of the roots, the periodontal ligament tissue was removed. Cells were expanded and after the third passage; flow cytometery analysis was performed to evaluate the surface markers (CD 105, CD146, CD90, CD 45, CD31, CD34, CD106 and CD 73). Adherent cell layer was used for osteogenic differentiation in melatonin contained osteogenic media. Then, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase and calcium content tests were performed.Results: Quantitative analysis of alizarin red staining on the 28th day demonstrated that mineralized nodule formation in the group supplemented with melatonin was higher than the control group. Results from alkaline phosphatase activity test on the 7th, 14th and 21st days demonstrated that, this activity was higher in the group supplemented with melatonin. Also, the amount of calcium on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days, in melatonin group, was higher than the control group.Conclusion: Melatonin (50 µM) may be beneficial for differentiation of PDL stem cells into osteoblast.

Introduction & Objectives: Water treatment leads to produce large volumes of sludges in water treatment plants which are considered as solid waste, and should be managed appropriately and logically to avoid bioenvironmental effects.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the required samples were taken from the sludge of Shahid Beheshti water treatment plant to assay physical and chemical characteristics during one year from summer, autumn and winter 93 until spring 94. Sampling and testing procedures were full fit according to standard methods.Results: The average concentration of total solids parameters (TSS), total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were 22346, 21350 and 1005 mg/L, respectively. Among the heavy metals, aluminum, iron, manganese and zinc have the highest concentrations with the values of 1400, 956, 588 and 100 mg per kg of dry solids, respectively. The measured concentrations for cadmium were also higher than the permissible limits for agricultural purposes and discharges into the environment. The average concentrations of nickel were more than the recommended standard for industrial, agricultural and parkland application purposes. The concentrations were also slurry higher than the dry sludge.Conclusion: According to the past studies and results of this study, it could be concluded that contamination of heavy metals in sludge and slurry samples are more than dried sludge. Therefore, if they are discharged into the environment, it is better to be disposed as dry sludges. Furthermore, because these types of waste sludges are routinely disposed in the environment, it is recommended to take the routine samples in order to measure the heavy metals and other relevant parameters contents of sludge before discharging it.

Introduction & Objective: Tea is the most popular beverage in the world and contains several essential nutrients, which are beneficial for human health. Because the contamination of tea leaves by heavy metals may pose a serious threat to human, this study was carried out for analysis and health risk assessment of As, Pb, Cd and Cr in some black and green tea brand samples marketed in Hamadan City in 2015.Materials & Methods: After collection and preparation of 3 brands from each of cultivated and imported black and green tea specimens with acid digestion method in the laboratory, the concentrations of elements in samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery in 3 replications. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.Results: The results showed that the maximum mean concentrations of As, Pb, Cd and Cr were as follows : As 0.34±0.54 µg kg-1 in imported green tea, Pb, Cd 577.0±608.0, 37.0±15.0 in domestic green tea respectively, and Cr 165.0±114.0 iimported black tea samples, and significantly lower than WHO and ISIRI permissible limits.Conclusion: Although consumption of tea has not any adverse effects on the consumers’ health, due to the increased use of agricultural inputs, sewage sludge and wastewater by farmers regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants content specially heavy metals in foodstuffs are recommended for food safety.

Introduction & Objective: Holothuria leucospilota, sea cucumber, is a species of the Phylum Echinodermata. Sea cucumbers have the most natural products with biological activity. In this study we investigated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extract of H. leucospilota used against gram positive and gram negative human pathogenic bacteria.Materials & Methods: 9 Samples of H. leucospilota were harvested from the Hengam Island,. The methanol extract was prepared from the powder of sea cucumber. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by broth dilution methods against clinical Gram-negative bacteria to identify MIC and MBC.Results: Aqueous extract of H. leucospilota was inactive on the bacteria. Methanol extract was active on Gram-negetive bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella typhi and Serratia marcescens. But it killed only Salmonella typhi and Serratia marcescens. The MBC of H. leucospilota methanol extract was 10 mg/ml. Methanol extract was active on all Gram- positive bacteria; B. pumilus, B. cereus and S. aureus but it killed only S. aureus. The MBC of H. leucospilota methanol extract was 40 mg/ml.Conclusion: Based on our results, H. leucospilota methanol extract. can be considered as a source of novel antibiotic. Contrary to many marine organisms, sea cucumbers are active against gram-negative bacteria.

Introduction & Objective: Corneal ulcer is one of the most important medical emergencies thatin the absence of on time diagnosis and treatment can lead to loss of vision. Therefore, identificationof microorganisms and their response to drugs in each region is important. The aim ofthis study was to determine the most common organisms that cause keratitis and antibioticsensitivity in this region.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the effect of various factors such as age, sex, demographic properties, risk factors, culture results and antibiotic sensitivity of patients withcorneal ulcer were studied in Farshchian Hospital.Results: In this study, 80 patients with corneal ulcers were investigated.46 cases with cornealulcers had positive results (55.7%). 54% of culture-positives were men and 46% were female.Age distribution of outbreaks in two age ranges including under ten years and 50 to 69 yearsof age were more than others. Among the patients, trauma was the most important risk factorfor corneal ulcer. Of the 80 evaluated corneal ulcers 57.5% of patients had positive cornealculture and 42.5% showed negative culture results. 84.4% out of 57.5% culture-positive sampleshad positive bacterial culture, and 15.6% had positive fungal cultures. The most commonmicroorganism causing corneal ulcers was staph aureus with 36.8 percent among which Staphepidermidis (21.7%) is the most prevalent. The corneal ulcer causing microorganisms respondedwell to Ciprofloxacin therapy.Conclusions: The result of this study shows that culture and antibiogram of corneal ulcers areessential to determine the cause of ulcer and antibiotic susceptibility. Before obtaining cultureresults and antibiotic sensitivity, the most appropriate antibiotic must be selected as the empiricaltherapy based on the epidemiological conditions and the most common microorganism.

Introduction: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is a rare disorder of function of neutrophils which presents with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. The patients usually have a history of delayed umbilical cord detachment.Case Report: The patient was a fourteen- month- old boy with recurrent bronchopneumonia, skin abscess and oral candidiasis. There was a history of abscess formation in site of vaccine injection in two and four months of age. The umbilical cord detachment was occurred in the 6th day of birth. Laboratory studies showed marked leukocytosis and neutrophilia. Flowcytometry showed low amount of CD18. These were all compatible with a diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LADs1).Conclusions: The patients die in the event of a delay in diagnosis because of recurrent severe infections. Early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases by stem cell transplantation improve the survival of the patient.

Introduction: Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is an uncommon and benign skin lesion that presents as a single papule or nodule with a keratin- filled center. This lesion is usually found on head and neck area, but has rarely been observed on other locations. Although WD may be clinically identical to many skin lesions, it has distinctive features in histopathologic examination that leads to correct diagnosis.Case Report: Herein we present a case of this rare skin lesion on lumbar area of a 75- year- old male.Conclusions: Since WD is often located on head and neck area, the observation of such lesion on lumbar skin has clinical significance.