JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:10

The present study evaluates the correlation between some features of earning quality to financial crisis. So some prevalence model in subject literature is used for calculating the earning quality indexes, as well as three general criteria and two native criteria is applied for evaluating the possible incidence of financial distress and bankruptcy. So the information of 3371 years was gathered and the statistical tests of research hypothesis were studied. The results of study demonstrated that in the majority of cases, there is meaningful correlation between financial distresses to earning quality. Also this correlation was meaningful for special definition of bankruptcy in the business legislation of Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study by classification of different companies in four portfolios based on the degree of financial health (impossible for bankruptcy) concluded that the correlation in the last portfolio (unhealthy companies in the terms of financial distress) is more meaningful than companies in the other portfolios. Meanwhile, the results of the study showed that the degree of using the accrual items in different portfolios that ranked with regard to the possibility of bankruptcy is various. At the end, we obtained similar results with evaluating the distribution method of exploiting of accrual items in the classified companies according to article no. 141 of business legislation. So there is curved in the distribution of utilization degree of accruals inthe bankrupt companies.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of ownership structure and board composition on the technical efficiency of the listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In attempting this, the technical efficiency of the examined companies was first determined by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Then, the relationship between ownership concentration, institutional ownership, board composition and technical efficiency was investigated. The data sample is restricted to 82 companies during an 8 years period from 1381 to 1388. The results of hypothesis testing using Panel Data Regression indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between institutional ownership and technical efficiency even after controlling for potential confounding factors. However, the relationship between ownership concentration, board composition and technical efficiency is positive and insignificant. When the impact of all these corporate mechanisms was considered together, the preceding results holds true. This finding is consistent with the active monitoring hypothesis, indicating that institutional ownership play a significant role in monitoring management and reducing the agency costs.

We empirically tested, in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), the validity of the Carhart (1997) four-factor model by adding the price momentum factor as the fourth explanatory variable into the Fama-French three-factor model. The results imply that growth portfolio in comparison to value portfolio and also winner portfolio to loser portfolio have higher returns. However, with regard to Size factor no clear trend was observed. The average adjusted R2 across eight portfolios for single factor CAPM model, Fama-French three-factor model and Carhart four-factor model has been respectively 0.26, 0.50, and 0.56 showing a significant improvement in the four-factor model by adding the momentum factor to Fama-French model. Robustness of the Carhart four-factor model is also checked for two effects: up and down market conditions and seasonal behavior.

Income tax appears in the income statement and has a major impact on the amount of net profit. In this paper, the effect of firm characteris-tics, industry type and institutional ownership on the management that cost is investigated. The criterion that used to measuring tax management is effective tax rate (ETR). The panel data method is used to analyze the data. Findings of investigating 75 firms in the 2003 to 2011 show that firm size will negatively affect the effective tax rate, which confirms the political power theory in Iran. Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between debt ratio, inventory intensity and capital intensity with effective tax rate. However, there is no significant relationship between firm growth opportunities and life with effective tax rate. The findings indicate that industry type has a significant effect on the effective tax rate. Furthermore, the results evidence that institutional ownership negatively affect the effective tax rate of firms. This result suggests that institutional owners play an aggressive role in tax management.

This research investigated how FCF and AC influence performance of the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, the main purpose of this study, specifically, is to examine the free cash flows hypothesis, and to test the agency theory. To accomplish this objective, two main hypotheses and eight sub-hypotheses have been developed and tested in 92 companies among the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange for 10-years, from 1380 to 1389. “Panel Data” is used as the statistical method to test the hypotheses. In this study, to measure the performance of the company two criteria based on accounting information, return on assets and return on equity, and also, two criteria based on market information, Tobin Q ratio and stock returns are used. The results of analyzing research hypothesis show that, free cash flows have a significant positive relationship with all performance evaluation criteria. So, this study found evidence about the lack of free cash flows hypothesis. Nevertheless, there was no significant relationship between agency costs and firm performance in order to confirm the agency theory in Tehran Stock Exchange.

One of the objectives of business entity' financial reporting is rendering useful information for making commercial and economic decisions. That information is useful for commercial and economic decisions that could be able to predict amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. Since earning management is performed by using accruals, and also excess use of accruals decreases earning quality and following that, predictive ability of earnings, this notion exists that earning management decreases the predictive ability of future earnings. In this study it was tried that through classification of companies and formulation of research hypothesis, evaluate the effect of earning management on the predictive ability of earning components and also it was tried to express whether earning management can have increasing effect on predictive ability of earnings components or not? So in this study it was used from financial reports of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), in time interval between 2000 up to 2010. The effect of earning management on predictive ability accruals was tested. Results produced by this research shows that earning management despite this notion that it always reduces the predictive ability, can increase the predictive ability of earning.

In this study the effect of “changing the amount of price limit” on “stock returns” and “volume shares” in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange has been studied. The purpose of this study is to survey the information contents of “changing the amount of price limits” and its effect on the “stock returns” and “volume shares “. So 257 companies were studied for a period of 7 years from 1382/01/01 till 1389/01/01; and the researches data include 397 firm-sections for 257 companies from 1384 till 1388 at 3 section of changing price limit. This data involve averages of trade volume and stock returns for 2 months before and 2 months after the changing in the amount of price limit date. In this research, the Paired-Samples T Test method has been used to test hypotheses of research. The results show that 3% decrease in price limit at 1384/08/21 has increase stock returns and volume shares. And 3 and 0.5% increase in price limit at 1384/09/12 and 1388/08/16 have stock returns to decrease, but have not been any effect on volume shares.

The purpose of this paper is the investigation of the relationship between the cash and accrual component earnings with stock price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2006-2009. The task of analyzing and testing the hypothesis is fulfilled by panel data models. The result of first hypothesis indicates that relationship between the cash component of earning and stock price is positive and significant. Additionally, the stock price increases in companies with larger cash component of earning. Also, the result of second indicates that relationship between of the discretionary and non-discretionary accruals with stock return is positive and significant. Further, the stock price increases in companies with higher quality of accruals.