JOURNAL OF EARTH AND RESOURCES
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 (4)|Papers Count:9

In the last years, micas have the increasing importance in the electronic and fireproof industries. In this article, the mineral matter (mica) picking up from the mines of south of Amlash city was studied by XRF, XRD and DTA measurements, The XRF analysis and the analysis of obtained reagent samples of the present storage areas show the Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3[AlSi3O10(OH,F)2] and floroapatite, anatase, calcite, quartz, pyroxene and orthoclase minerals. The measured signals by XRD is belongs to  reflexes in Biotite with space group C2/m and Floroapatite, anatase, calcite, quartz and orthoclase minerals. Furthermore, the physical characteristics (properties) were measured like the apparent density for the raw and cooked patterns of measured micas. These studies show that the compound of micas are different and they will be distinguish in according to Mg, Al, Fe and Ti contents.

Geophysical radiometric airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for uranium exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Sirjan 1:25 0,000 sheet situated in SE Iran expectation areas for uranium were recognized. In this paper, in the first method, separation of anomaly values have been performed by means of classical statistics, The tables of frequency distribution of Uranium have been designed, and then the frequency distribution histograms that are introducer of distribution and dispersion of Uranium have been plotted. After plotting frequency distribution histograms, the statistical parameters of these elements have estimated. Then separation of anomaly value has done on the base of dispersion around the average.

Southern highland of Amlash city including ophiolitic rocks of upper cretaceous age that pillow lavas and isotropic gabbros are make its major outcrops.Mica-bearing dikes (Alkaline dikes) without specified trend and in different direction have infiltrated in nominated rocks. Based on field evidences and microscopic study of dikes, this dikes are kind of alkaline lamprophyre feldspar-bearing which 6Cm idiomorphic megacryst make almost 10 percent of them. According to Guilan province industries and mines organization (2008) two amlsh's mica mines (Ya ali govabar & param sara) proved reserved is more than 240 thousand tones. Abounding of zoned phlogopite in alkaline dikes in different sizes according to their formation conditions (High water vapor pressure and more than 1100 oc temperature) probably dikes melt has made of molten mantle wedge in sub duction with low melt percent (at last 3 percents).

Talk a few years that in the study field of the environment there has been a consideration of a fundamental factor which is called under de title of stone contaminant coefficient (the rate of elements in rocks and formations). Using this factor it’s possible to measure the amount of the contaminant potentially existent in the region which wouldn’t be considered in the pollution measurement or in the evaluation of the sources of the pollution. Angouran mining area is located in the mountainous northwest of Iran and in the deal region of structural zones of Alborz-Azerbaijan, Zagros and Sanandaj-Sirjan.The oldest rocks of this area are attributed to the Late Precambrian and the youngest are in Pliocene age. To measure pollution levels, some samples of formations of the region were take and were analyzed. This evaluation showed that some formations, such as Qom Formation and upper red Formation and lower red Formation have not the potential for produce the pollution in the region but some others have shown a high ability in create the pollution. On of the contaminator formations is the lead and zinc deposit of Angouran in age of Precambrian that is located in 25 kilometers from the city of Dandy which there is different comments about the true age of this collection. However this formation in its stone bed has the high values of the elements which balance threat the environmental equivalence of the region. This amount in the case of the elements such as lead and zinc (up 20000PPM) cadmium (4000PPM) and arsenic (10000PPM) is in a very worrying rate and also about the elements like manganese, copper and tin, are higher than environmental standards. To ensure more, there was obtained and tested also other examples from the agricultural and crops land as well as water resources in the border of formations and outcrops and other desired areas. Measurements showed a significant correlation between the amount of certain elements in the adjacent soil of formations and the desired outcrops there. This significant correlation is seen more clearly as much as that the agricultural soils of marginal areas of the deposit have amounts a considerable amount of these elements in them. Using this method the coefficient of the pollution of the each formation was determined and introduced. In general, the pollution coefficient of the formations of the region is low and proportional and the only exception is the Angouran lead and zinc deposit which in comparison whit the similar deposits, due to its size and its non-normative utilization, has a high stone pollution coefficients.

With population expending and communities development, creating tunnels in large cities has been necessary. Road and subway tunnels construction help to reduce traffic and water tunnels eliminate large cities need to water or in dams built are used. Tunnels like any other structure influence different loads and stresses. In general, loads incurred tunnels including static and dynamic loads that must be considered in their designing. Jiroft water tunnel stability condition is evaluated is evaluated in this paper. The initial stress calculated at first and then based on Kirsch relationships secondary stress caused by static loads in wall and crown of the tunnel calculated. Then, by using of seismic analysis based on Free-field deformation, ground strains caused by earthquakes are possible, has been calculated without considering the interaction between tunnel concrete liner and the rock mass. After strain calculated, by using Closed form solutions simplification method and the Wang and Penzias relationships, seismic forces value, means the axial force and bending moment on the tunnel section, has been calculated with due regard to interaction between tunnel concrete liner and the rock mass. The results of this study indicate that underground structures specially the tunnels stability can be affected by loads from earthquake waves.

The Varzegan's dam site is located on northeast of Miyaneh and north of Varzegan. The rocky outcrops of these construction include alternation of volcanic and volcano-classic Eocene rocks that intersected by monzonite dikes. The dam site and it's periphery in province is located on central Iran tectonic quake and occurred earthquakes in these region have been shallow and their dominant mechanics is of push-slide type. The seismicity of project is related to Tabriz Fault systems, south of Bozgush, Germi rood, north of Bozgush, Sangoor and Doozdoozan. The fault of south of Bozgush passes over south of place and by E-W virtual direction, near the Varzegan, that spaced around 1 km with Varzegan dam place it's mechanics is push and of fault plane is steep and northward and has been caused to moving of volcanic and volcano- classic Eocene sediments from north to south on plio-Quaternare sediments, Based on study of quake- based wells and records of earthquakes the seismicity parameters of region has been obtained by using of (Kijko-selevoll) style in range of 250 km respectively.

The study area is a portion of Oromieh - Bazman magmatic belt in central Iran structural zone that located in south of Boein-Zahra city (Qazvin province). In this area, volcanic and pyroclastic formations cut off with a main fault that called Sari-dare fault, and in length of this fault and into the wall rocks occurs a large extensive alteration. Sari-dare fault has up to 20km length at strike of NW to SE and in field outcropped with an approximately wide valley. Wall rocks alteration occurrences mainly indicate two forms that those are vertical and horizontal zoning. Mineralogical and chemical analysis of zones indicates that this type of alteration is "acid sulfate" type. In this case, in vertical zoning in order from down to up, advanced angelic, alunitic and silicified zones and in horizontal zoning from fault surface to wall rocks, advanced angelic and propylitic zones resulted. Identification of zoning is very important in related mineral exploration and extraction project, because the mineral contents of zones are different and should not be mixed together.

The area under study is situated in north-east of Ardabil and between Ardabil and Astara. Petrologic and structural evidences indicate the submarine volcanic activities in this area. The area rocks show basaltic composition. Pillow lavas, dykes , prisms and lava lakes in different points indicate oceanic crust residue in the area. Locality studies of other points in the Alborz such as Chalus, Lahijan and Amlash and structural similarity with Hayran area explain that Hayran area may be south Khazar spreading line trail. Stratigraphical evidence and resting of basaltic lavas below Fajan formation conglomerate indicate that Hayran area submarine rocks like other locations of Alborz are formed in Cretaceous.