JOURNAL OF EARTH AND RESOURCES
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 (13)|Papers Count:8

Water is the most important factor in future development. Both exploration of aquifers for various purpose, and basic management of groundwater consumption need accurate data on the quality and quantity of water. Jiroft aquifer system consists of layers of juicy, permeable and not permeable that has occurred within a ring syncline. Barez Mountain ranges in the north and north-east of this plain was obvious that she is part of Urmia- Dokhtar zone and the western plains of Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. The Quaternary active tectonic in the performance of plain and Sabzevaran faults direct impact on the quality and quantity of groundwater resources in the plain. In this study, Hydrogeologycal studies, based on chemical analysis of 40 samples of ground water aquifer Jiroft was hydrochmistri. Parameters and salinity (EC), pH, the total amount of dissolved salts (TDS), water temperature, anion and cation in of water was measured based on the maps, such as chlorine and electrical conductivity. In this study, groundwater used for drinking plains of Jiroft Shuler diagrams and zoning classification of water for agricultural purposes by the plain terms of graphs Will Cox was used.

The Basaltic dykes in Javaherdasht area in east of Guilan province. The petrography and geochemical studies indicate that the differentiation of Clinopyroxene and Olivin minerals has main role for variety of the basaltic dykes. The study of rang of the in compatible elements pattern and compare with the continental crust and incompatible elements ratios show that the Basaltic dykes are contaminated with continental crust. The study of show that the source of parent magma is from a depleted mantle source which are contaminated with continental crust, and from this point are comparable with Afar Ethiopian rift.

Quantity of groundwater, including the important and influential factors in the priority underground dams axes during positioning process of construct underground dams prone areas. In fact, the most important goals of construction of underground dams, groundwater storage in areas that are lacking adequate quantities of surface waters. For this purpose each volume of groundwater Is more, underground dams Construction, would be more economical and more rational. In this study in order to estimate the volume of groundwater stored in underground dams reservoir for use in priority Specified axes during positioning process of construct underground dams prone areas in Qazvin province, determined volume of runoff due to rainfall from upstream of the dam axis, and assuming that the rain same fallen on the all catchment surface, was deducted from the volume of catchment rainfall in dams catchment. For estimation surface runoff in the dams catchment, SCS method was used. In this context used satellite images for quality mapping soil permeability map and to determine the type of land was used to land use map. To estimate the amount of rainfall, ARC GIS software to convert Province long-term data to digital data and Production the Province isohyetal map, was used.

When the tunnel passes through the weak and different soil conditions or there is a shallow coverage on top of the tunnel, mass of soil or sand have to be made stable and the supports must be designed and applied in a way to control the amount of subsidence and convergence which are the most significant factors in designing a tunnel since by changing the shape of the tunnel through drilling, the soil between the tunnel and the surface of the ground move. And the development of these movements to the surface of the ground will be accompanied with the subsidence of the surface structures. Therefore in order to do necessary planning to create supports considering the conditions of the location of doing the project, providing a decision making model is essential in choosing an appropriate option for tunnel supports in planning phase and designing the tunnel project. The aim of this paper is to provide (offer) a useful design to specify and choose suitable options for Tehran subway tunnel supports, line 3, phase 4 as a good model for later stages use. This pattern is formed on the basis of technical, financial, administrating, social and political and mechanical and effective factors on the site of doing the project by noticing a variety of criteria. Further more (on the other hand) subway tunnel supports include lattice girder, cement armed with armature using modular form work (frame work) system, fore poling, corrugated steel sheet and segmental lining in the model. And the final goal is selecting the most suitable option aimed all the probable options for choosing subway tunnel supports system and noticing effective and important criteria on which basis and by using multi-criteria decision making and new research methods during the operation, proper options are prioritize and ultimately the best ones are chosen. In TOPSIS method, alternative (E) is selected as the best alternative for support system.

In the eastern of Talesh area Outcrops of Industrial soil is made of weathering of volcanic rocks belonging to the Eocene period. Based on the mineralogy of the XRD method, Industrial soils studied, consist of quartz, albite and orthoclase in major phase and illite and Montmorilonite in minor phase and on this basis mainly are of feldspar type.  Geochimical and industrial properties of Zendane feldspar is shown that feldspar have chocolate firing colour, low firing shrinkage (1.8%), high water absorption (17.3%), low resistance (13 Kg/Cm2), and L.O.I (2.5%). Comparison of studied sample with standard ceramic samples show that, studied sample is not suitable to use as ceramic and tiles industry and for use in other industries will also need to be processed.

Remote sensing data have important role in mineral exploration because we can determine lineament and hydrothermal alteration zones as an exploration key with them. Tark area is located in 40 Km south east of Sarab in 1:100000 Sarab geological map. In this paper, lineament and argillic alteration and iron oxide zone determined by using ETN7+ satellite images and different methods. Most of lineament have north-east and north west–south east trend that extracted with color composite and filters. Alteration zones were determined by band math, band ratio, PCA, LS-Fit, MNF and SAM that all these methods were confirmed each other in field studies. Based on combination data, most of alterations are accordance to lineaments. Finally, three potential areas were introduced.

The available radioactive elements in the nature, in themselves decay series to other elements, emit alpha, beta and gamma rays that attention to power of penetration of gamma ray is used from this gamma ray measurements, for radiometric exploration of radiometric element specific for uranium. With use taken data of airborne radiometric simply can be studied a large area in a short time and with a little cost. Attention to distribution of Uranium element in the earth crust and study of these maps, the main parts of first stage of Uranium exploration are the factors and methods of separation of boundaries and hot points of anomaly from background parts. The maps of anomaly introduction and mine index of Uranium and tourium are prepared to continue the exploration work in Zahedan area.

Ardabil region is part of the western Alborz-Azerbaijan zone in terms of structural classification. Basaltic lavas of this region have been studied in three areas: Heiran, Razei and Saein. The lavas in these areas are associated in age with upper Cretaceous to Quaternary. The outcrops of pillow lavas, prisms, dykes and lava flows in the different points are evidences for submarine and aerial volcanic activities in these areas. Microscopic studies of these rocks has shown the magmatic evolution especially magma mixing in these rocks. This phenomenon is observed in all of the three areas under study. With regard to petro graphical characteristic, the rocks under study range from andesitic basalt to olivine basalt. Accumulation of non equilibrated minerals, selective alteration of minerals, assimilation and opacity of mineral rims and serration edge of phenocrysts are magma mixing evidences in these samples. Also it is necessary to add variation in chemical composition and alternative zoning in clinopyroxene, inclusion zones in plagioclases, presence of two generations of plagioclases and needle apatite to these evidences.