SOCIAL RESEARCH
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

This paper describes peoples trust in police and its related issues. Reviewing the literature and related concepts; we chose Zetomka theory to illustrate the problem; and as a supplementation, employed theories from Johnson, Tonis, zimel and Gafman. Vsing cookram formale and on the bases of a cluster sampling method, the data for the paper were obtained by a latent and static survey in from of a questionnaire distributed among 383 man and woman (over 20 years) resident in Elam after the professors validated the results, the persistence of questionnaire was determaind by crabachs method in SPSS. Final results were analyzed first in descriptive level by deductive level by ANOVA or Analysis of variance, person, Eta, and keandal tauo b. These results show that there are a significant variables (security, personal characteristics, and self-sacrifice) and social trust in police the same relation holds between the variables age and education, and social trust.

The present research follows tow purposes in children’s poetry. The first is the recognition of the gender stereotypes in Afsaneh Shabannezhade and Asadollah Shabani’s preschool children’s poetry.And the second one is the recognition of the gender stereotype change process in the selected children’s poems with the emphasis on poets’ sex. The research society consists of the published children’s poetry books by the selected poems from the beginning of their work (1991) to now (2008). The sample includes 54 books and 423 poems.The method in this search is content analysis. Achieving the purposes of the research, tow ways are used. The presence of male and female characters was counted in the text and pictures of the selected books in two separated decades. The results of this part were compared with each other on the basis of the separated decades and the poem’s sex.The nest step was data analysis. Therefore, the research categories were extracted from the performed verbs by the male and female characters of the poems. Again, the results of this part were compared with each other on the basis of the separated decades and the poems’ sex.Phenomenology is the theoretical structure used in this research. According to phenomenology theory, the individuals are able to affect their surroundings by the way they are thinking.The achieved results of this research approved that the relationship between the selected poets’ sex and the quantitative presence of the male and female characters in the studied workers. There is also a relationship between the priority of the extracted categories and the poets’ sex in the studied works.Totally, this investigation shows the influence of the selected poets’ sex on the gender stereotype change process in the studied works.

In this article which is the result of a research on finding effective ingredients in committing re-offending and returning to the prison. It is interpreted by using main solutions and sociological theories, social pathology from those opinions of cultural transmission and communication differences, social learning, subculture, anomie, interaction, labeling, social bonding, social controlling opinions as an important problem and big social scrape which is the most important thing in society. The purpose of this article is to recognize some solutions to decrease released prisoners who are committing crime repeatedly and returning to the prison. The main problem is to know which ingredients are effective for prisoners to commit re-offending and returning to the prison. This research was a survey study.The research was don by going through those people who are familiar with these things using questionnaire tools and interviewing with them, its statistical community contains of those prisoners of north Khorasan prisons who are 1527 people in 1386 in statistical sample, they are 600 people who are committing crime and the mass of sample is 200 people which is classified randomized sampling.The collected information is descriptive and presumptive static which is analysed by using, pearson, Spearman, Chi- square test and SPSS software.Therefore based on the results of this research, to decrease reoffending and to prevent returning of released inmates to prisons we should implement essential and standard analysis and ranking of inmates, improve their settlement status and effective servicing, eliminate labelling from released inmates, fulfill effective services and control them trough PDCC, provide released inmates admition by his (her) family or friends or official and unofficial organization and take steps to prevent their isolation and rejection.

The present study is a descriptive research, which was carried out by using Delphi techniques and cluster sampling. The objective of the project was to identify the effective factors in young people’s tendency toward industrial drugs in Tehran.Using theories presented in drug addiction so far, including theories presented by Anomi Dorkim, Merton, Lemret or Shad as well as communication theory presented by the Efteraqhi, some theoretical frameworks were provided for the study.Researchers investigated some elites’ theories through the Delphfi techniques, and the effective factors in young people’s tendency toward industrial narcotics have been identified as well. The opinions of young drug addicts were examined through survey method and the researchers’ made questionnaire.40 addicted youths who were qualified for the study were selected in Tehran. Among from only 35 of them agreed to participate in the study. The effective factors in the young’ tendency toward industrial drug abuse were as follow:1- Close relationship and persuasion by friends ,2- People’s life style ,3- Catalytic function of Social foundation  in spread of addiction ,4- Society's needs for extreme entertainment facilities ,5- Disorder in accepting society trends will, 6- Weaknesses in controlling and informal supervisions ,7- Lack of entertainment facilities for spending free time ,8- Youths Attitudes’ toward addiction,9- Iran social structure capacity of generated addiction,10- Low control and formal supervisions , and 11- Presupposed ideas.

Quality of life, having complicated concept and is dimensional that presenting a comprehensive detaining about it , is agreed by some authorities, seems difficult.Became of different defining, various methods of evaluation is presented global health care organization, defining. The quality of life, depend on people’s understanding in their life’s position in educational system that are living, have paid attention to communication with achievement, expectation, standards and concerns.The search data by use of descriptive search method in survey, and it is assembled among 400 citizen of new town Pardis that were chosen random during 1 to 31 of Tir in 1388 (2009).In this research, dependent variable as a quality of life by use of world health organization questionnaire of life (WHOQOL-BREF) measured and independent variable also was consisted of social investing, evaluation of urban services, neighborhood approval, individual and families features.Average quality of society’s life has estimated equal to 19/79 and average of each of four dimensions as follows:Physical health 20/26, mental health 19/7 , social relation health 26/2, environmental health 13/03.

This study compared the attitude of two groups of single and married university students toward the concepts of reality, right and wrong and marriage responsibility among 300 students of Tehran governmental universities in 2008-2009. A random cluster sampling was performed and the research was done based on a descriptive method.The main hypothesis indicated that the attitude of single and married students toward marriage realities, right and wrong, responsibilities are significantly different.The research tool, a researcher made questionnaire, containing 18 questions about 3 subscales of the study was completed by the participants. The statistical tests used in this research were multi-variable analysis of variance and single- variable analysis of variance.The data highlighted the point that there is no significant difference between single and married students in their attitude toward marriage in any of 3 subscales_ reality, right and wrong and responsibility (F (3.285)=0.29, P>0.05).There is a significant difference between single male and female students in the mean of 3 subscales (F 93.175)=7.15, p<0.05).There is a significant difference between married male and female students in the mean of 3 subscales (F (3.106)=2.15, P<0.1).The outcomes also indicated that marital status, age, marriage time and gender do not cause any difference between the groups in the research.

Abstract: Whereas one of the most life stages of each person is his or her childhood, so the survey of this period as the resultant of future life can show us a good perspective of a society. Based on this perspective it is possible to plan for decreasing social pathologies. The main objective of this research is to survey of effective factors on physical child abuse of boys and girls children between cases referred to Crisis Handling Centers (6 centers) in 2006 at the city of Tehran. For this purpose by using violence-oriented theories including deprivation, invasion, structural pressure, exchange, learning and theories based on family structure the four indices of social relation network, the status of supervision, the ethnos of father and mother of the child have been chosen and studied as effective factors in physical child abuse. Each of the above factors are studied by applying researcher-made inventory; the gathered information entered in computer by using spss software and then by using the relevant statistical tests the relation between variables are assessed and at the end the level of Interco relation are analyzed.   The sample of this research consists of 64 boys and girls children whom annoyed and bad be heaved and the matter reported by Social Emergency (Telephone No. 123). The samples are chosen as cluster by pps method from 6 Crisis Interference Centers. The findings of the research reveals that there is relation between social relations network and child abuse and the level of correlation is estimated 26.9% that is significant up to 95%. There is also a relation between supervision and child abuse and the level of correlation is 73% that is significant up to 99%. According to this research there is no relation between the ethnos of the mother and child abuse but there is a relation between the ethnos of the father and child abuse and the level of correlation is estimated 71% that is significant up to 95%.  Considering the importance and critical role of childhood in natural, mental and social development and growth of individuals, it is necessary for all the people having relation with children to get familiar with children and their issues and rights. It is evident that this matter is not possible without co-operation and active participation of all members of society.

Abstract: Women’s empowerment is a dynamic process which includes women’s ability to change the structures and ideologies which holds them in a subordinated state. This process helps women have more access to sources and self- confident as well. The purpose of this investigation is to study the degree of empowerment of the housewives in Shiraz and the effective element on their empowerment. The theoretical model used in the investigation was designed by Alsop and Heinsohn and accepted by the World Bank. The investigation is cross- sectional. Data collection is dope through the quantitative- qualitative methods and the data are analyzed by SPSS. Questions and hypothesis are arranged so as to measure the variables. They evaluate the degree of eight independent variables (human, informational, organizational, financial, psychological assets, accessibility, participation and control in the domains of state, markent and society) and one dependent variable (the degree of empowerment). The questionnaire is arranged in two parts. The first part is related to the evaluation of the degree of human, information, organizational, financial- material and psychological assets (human agency or power sources); the second part deals with the measuring of principal empowering indicators in the domains of state market and society. The population consists of 229 of house wives who had at least one child studying in one of 4 educational zones in Shiraz at the time of carrying out this investigation. Sampling was done in two stages. In the first stage, the schools were chosen by the means of available sampling in Shiraz, in Bahman and Esfand of 1385(2006). Spearman correlation test and stepwise multivariate regression analysis were used for analyzing the data.The descriptive results revealed that the degree of women’s empowerment is low. The examining of hypotheses also revealed that there is the highest degree of correlation between the psychological asset, accessibility, participation and control in the domain of state and market and the degree of the empowerment of housewives.The results of the multivariable regression analysis were expressive of the fact that according to the adjusted R square, 88 percents of the variations of the dependent variable, that is the degree of the empowerment of housewives, are determined by the means of the eight variables recorded in the equation.As a matter of fact, factors such as self- efficacy, and the ability to express one’s desires and interests, and making them true even the society does not accept them and challenging the status quo, awareness of decision-making in the important and strategic domains in life, having access to financial sources and participation in the social and political domain are the main determiners of the degree of the empowerment of housewives in Iran.