DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2013 | Volume:5 | Issue:18|Papers Count:8

It should be said that literature and especially poet has played a great role in providing, development and victory of greatest political and social change of Iran; namely, constitution movement. What is known as poem of constitution period is a kind of emphasis on awareness and incitement of patriotism. These are concepts which have been unknown before the creation of constitution in the Persian literature. The present paper considers the position of science and knowledge in the poems of prominent constitution poets such as (Malek-ol-Shoara Bahar, Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, Mirzade Eshghi, Farrokhi Yazdi, Iraj Mirza, Arefe Ghazvini). The obtained results showed that the most important thing for Adib al-mamaleke Farahani is science and knowledge and the famous poets such as Bahar and Farrokhi emphasize on the importance of western education and show their desire for the achievement of it in the Iranian society and culture.

Didactic literature is one of the various literatures expressing moral aspect and special education. In the didactic literature, using of parable’s efficient utensil, which has been appeared in the didactic literature with considerable utilization, is improved the education and moral advice and reduplicated its efficiency. The goal and content of the didactic works declare that the narrator uses from this literary style for writing and commenting his/her moral issue or revealing and consolidation the issue in the reader's mind. Research results indicate that the great application of parable in special meaning and the didactic literature that it is resulted from two-way communication between education and parable such that the narrator accentuate on the moral concept and with its stipulation captures the reader’s attentions. According to the results of this thesis, we can declare that the parable is one of the didactic literature’s properties and it is a method, which can be considered as a part of the didactic literature.

Khaghani is one of the most distinguished poets of his times. His extant works, especially his remarkable Divan, embrace the glorious cultural and literary heritage of Persian language which is rich in quintessential examples of motifs and models in Persian poetry. Khaghani has a wonderful and paradoxical personality and the most obvious sign of his paradoxical personality has been well reflected in his Divan. On the one hand, his increasing boast signifies bombastic and arrogant character and causes him to consider himself superior to everyone. Thus, he pays no heed to others and even uses acrimonious sarcastic language for his own close kin. On the other hand, his modesty and selflessness against the master of wealth and power reveals his submissive personality and inferiority complex and causes him to sell himself cheaply and regards himself at times lower than a dog. This paper tries to investigate Khaghani’s poetic and personality traits and his psychological roots.

In Hafez’ poetry, didactic and lyric literature are combined well, thus the result of these literary genres is using special tone in didactic poems of Hafez. Using emotional sense in short and compress moral stories, Hafez supported a special kind of didactic literature with effective and influent tone, at the same time with moral’s Dos and Don'ts in form of sonnet poem shows the proper way of living in pleasant way to his audiences. In this research, we show not only the effect of tone of voice in understanding Hafez’ poetry but also elements and factors in determining didactic tone in the poets, also its different types in sonnet poems are discussed. The Study of Hafez’s sonnets on base of descriptive-analytical method in horizontal and vertical axis show that he use various types of tone for his audiences but the tone, generally is Non-dominative and good willing. He achieves his favorite didactic tone via choosing suitable words, arranging them in details, setting the music tone also using many variations.

In structure and style, the traditional poetry differs from new poetry and common themes in the two poems can be expressed in different ways. The purpose of this paper is to show differences of expressing didactic literature in new and traditional poetry. Since Nimayoushij has composed poetry both in modern and traditional one, his poetry has been investigated to make clear his attitude towards a literary genre in two different structures. In his traditional poems, didactic literature is expressed clearly, concisely, and with the ability of moral tale in the form of proverbs in such a way that didactic aspect has advantages over other elements. But in the new poem, the moral teachings are in the background and they mix with other elements such as emotion, image, narrative, poetic experience ... and it is sometimes impossible directly to extract moral teachings from the poetry. This is mostly due to the organic unity and the growth of his modern poetry which the poet has not determined it in advance.

The study of Saeb Tabrizi’ s voluminous Divan, proves the claim that he has a twofold viewpoint towards remembering Greek Diogenes and his hermitage such as other characters in his Divan. In order to express confirm and emphasis on his moral and didactic contents, Saeb uses some characters which exist in previous poetical resources. However, sometimes in expressing the value of highly moral and didactic contents these maturity and hardness characters cannot satisfy Saeb’s didactic and imaginative temperament. Therefore in a new view, he puts their magnificent characters away and uses them in a contrariwise way to emphasize on his moral and didactic contents. In this study, we peruse this kind of usage and twofold didactic allegories about hermitage of Plato.

This paper is trying to find out the connection between morality (meaning common social behavior) and Politics in Sa'adi’s works; namely, Golestan and Boostan. Therefore, with pivoting justice as concept that belongs both to the domain of morality and politics, we are trying to understand the relation between them. Justice has been one of the most focal concepts in the history of thought and social and political theory that has long lasting root in traditional thought of both eastern and Iranian culture. Saadi also affected by this inherited Iranian tradition and makes use of it in his anecdotes and with continuous emphasis on justice and advice on avoiding oppression combined both morality and politics. Therefore, these two subjects have firm connection in Saadi’s works.