JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:9

To reduce the water consumption and find compatible rapeseed cultivar, a test was preformed in the Agricultural Farmland Research Station in Khoy. In this research, low irrigation (by rivulets and brooks) as constant alternative, and experimental and ordinary variable irrigation were considered as principle level, and Talaiah, Ocapy, Dexter and Modena as sublevels in striped split plot based on randomized complete block design. The characteristics of the study were plant height, stalk diameter, number of silique in plant, number of seed in it, a thousand-seed weight, seed and biological yield, harvest index and seed oil percentage. The results of this study showed that different treatments in low irrigation had significant effects on the whole studied characteristics except stem diameter, weight of a thousand-seed, and seed yield (p£0.05). The survey of correlation showed that a thousand-seed important effect on the seed yield was the weight of 1000 seed. The number of seed in silique, harvest index and stem diameter weren’t affected on cultivar case under cultivated fields, but cultivar had significant impacts on other features that were under research. Maximum seed yield achieved from Dexter and minimum Talaiah (respectively 3687/6 and 2107/7 tons per hectare). Modena cultivar, in spite of having low yield and higher percentage of function, had the highest yield in comparison with the others. Based on the results achieved from the study in one year, manifested that cultivation with Dexter in low alternative irrigation method and low consumption water and increased irrigation efficiency in this field is obtainable.

For investigating effect of spray low consumption elements of zinc, iron and boron on yield, yield components and quality of two varieties of sunflower oil (Lakumka and Master) a Split Plot experiment based on randomized complete block with 18 treatments and four replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Station Saatlu, Uremia. The main factor in the two-cultivar levels of Lakumka and Master and sub-factors, fertilizer treatments in 9 levels: Micronutrients Foliar application in three stages: growing the flower stalk to more than 2 cm (R3), end of pollination (R5) and stage of grain forming (R7) were performed interactively. Foliar application of iron and zinc with the concentrations of 5 in thousands and with boron 0/005 concentration in the order of 3 sources of iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid were also performed. The results of analysis of variance test showed that the spray elements has low significant effect on traits, so that combined treatments sprayed with zinc, iron and boron (T9) in terms of seed yield (3795 and 3940 Kg per hectare in Master and Lakumka respectively), oil yield (1726 and 1794 Kg per hectare in Master and Lakumka respectively), harvest index and grain number and percentage of protein had the most significant effect in the control group. The highest rate of hollowness treatment in control and lack of foliar application and soil magnesium intake were observed. The results also showed better attendance and lack of spray-earth magnesium intake in comparison to control (lack of spray and application of magnesium) which in turn were due to the importance of magnesium in the seeds, could be due to magnesium intake.

To assess the effects of deficit irrigation and potassium on quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower, an experiment was performed as split plot design with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in Khoy Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in 2008. The experiment consisted of four irrigation levels as main plots (every furrow irrigation, fixed every other furrow irrigation, variable every other furrow irrigation and every other irrigation interval) and three potassium fertilizer rates as sub plots with source of potassium sulfate (50, 100 and 150 Kg, K2O ha-1). Results showed that by using variables every other furrow irrigation method, while saving 50% water of irrigation, but also decrease seed and oil yield 24.5% and 29.2%, respectively, was the best method among water stress treatment. With increasing potassium consumption from 50 to 150 Kg, K2O ha-1, the seed and oil yield were increased 19.34% and 16.7% respectively. Irrigation and potassium interaction had significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and oil yield. In variable every other furrow irrigation, the oil yield increased with consuming 150 Kg, K2O ha-1 with regard to consuming 25 Kg, K2O ha-1.anyhow the highest effect of potassium on increasing oil yield (1583 Kg K2O ha-1) occurred in full irrigation condition and with consuming 150 Kg, K2O ha-1.

To study the correlated traits of oil and seed yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) single cross hybrids, using regression and path analysis, a North Carolina Design I experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications in Agricultural and Natural resource Research Station of Khoy. In 2005, six fertility restorer male lines crossed with 18 cytoplasmic male sterility female lines. Each male line crossed with three different female lines to make two sets with nine hybrids in each set. In 2006, Single cross F1 hybrids were planted for studying correlation of traits. Data were collected from agronomic traits including: flowering initiation, seed filling period, maturity, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, seed numbers per head, grain/achene ratio, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, seed and oil yield. Stepwise regression analysis showed that in the final equation, seed numbers per tray and 1000 seed weight traits with the standard coefficients of 1.457 and 0.733 had significant effect (p<0.01) on seed yield as a dependent variable, respectively. In the oil yield regression analysis as a dependent variable, three traits: seed numbers per tray, 1000 seed weight and oil content with the standard coefficients of 1.147, 0.560 and 0.292 had significant effect (p<0.01) on seed yield, respectively and because of these traits, the others were removed from the last equation. Path analysis of oil and seed yield indicated that for maximum yield, final selection must be done through seed numbers per head and by considering optimum amount of this trait and 1000 seed weight.

To compare the two conditions of culture (concurrent rice-fish culture and culture of rice without the fish) two separate experiments were carried out with only 5 genotypes of rice (Barakat, Shirudy, Alikazemy, Lenjan and Line507) under randomized complete block design in three replications in Astara in 2009. The results showed a significant difference between conditions of culture and varieties for length of panicle, weight of panicle, w.1000. seed, number of tiller in bush, number of kernel in panicle, biomass of plot, weight of straw, yield in hectare. The interactional effect of conditions and varieties showed a significant difference at 1% probability for the number of tiller in bush. On the basis of the results of the experiment, the rearing of fish on rice farm increased the yield of rice and Barakat and Alikazemi with the highest yield were the most suitable cultivars due to the suitability with concurrent culture conditions and the existence of optimum of the conditions.

To evaluate the redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) reaction with a view to biological yield and seed production at interference with sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) during 2006-7 in Tabriz. Results showed that, redroot pigweed biomass reduced with decreasing of density and delaying in emergence time. Averaged sunflower cultivars, seed production in redroot pigweed in treatment of 25 weeds m-2 at 15 days after emergence with sunflower was 1.7 times greater than full season interference of 8.3 weeds m-2. Averaged weed densities, with each week delay in redroot pigweed emergence at between first-second and second-third levels of weed interference, weed seed number per unit area ranged from 23 to 15×103, 55 to 23×103 and 45 to 62×103 in sunflower cultivars, respectively. Each day delay in weed emergence between second-third levels of interference time could decrease seed number per weed plant in Allstar greater than Azarghol and Hysun cultivars. Decrease of weed density and delaying in interference time caused a significant reduction on weed seed production index at interference with all cultivars.

In order to evaluation the effect of irrigation interval and different amount of N fertilizer on agronomic characteristics of corn, single cross 704, the experiment was carried out as Split Plot in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications at 2009 in Mazandaran province. Irrigation interval was chosen as main plot at 4 levels which are 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm evaporation of class A pan, nitrogen amount was also chosen as sub- plot at 3 replications which are 0/96 and 184 kg/ha at the rate of 0/200 and 400 kg/gr urea fertilizer, respectively. The results showed that the grain yield in creased using of 184 kg/ha N-fertilizer due to increasing, ear length and diameter of the maize and increasing the grain number per row of ear and the weight of 100 grains. The maximum grain tiled was obtained by 75 and 125 mm evaporation of class A pan, at the rate of 12490 and 13000 kg/ha, respectively. The grain yield components were not influenced by irrigation period, statistically. Interaction between irrigation interval and N amount was significant on biological yield at the level of 1%, probability.

This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Nitragin and Biosuper as biological fertilizer in normal and deficit irrigation on chickpea cv. pirouz at research station of faculty of agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch. The experiment was conducted in split plot form based on completely block design with three replications. Treatments were: normal and low irrigation as main plot, and Nitragin, Biosuper, Nitragin + Biosuper and without fertilizer as sub plot. Results showed that the number of pods per plant and main branch were affected by irrigation treatment significantly. However, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of pods per main branch, number of one seeded pods, number of two seeded pods, hundred seed weight and seed yield were affected by fertilizer. Thus, higher values for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of pods per main branch, number of one seeded pods, number of two seeded pods, hundred seed weight and seed yield were obtained biological fertilizers as compared with control treatment. The application of Nitragin + Biosuper produced 11/63% of seed yield higher than control treatment. In general, increase in yield components lead to increase in yield, by using Nitragin plus Biosuper fertilizer.