SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:SUPPLEMENT|Papers Count:15

Current research examines the effectiveness of vocational counseling based on Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern on entrepreneurship skills and social skills of female secondary school students, grade 3. Research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical community included all Shahed female secondary school students at grade 3, district 3, Shiraz, during academic year of 2013-2014. Random sampling was used in current work. After performing the questionnaire of thoughtful entrepreneurship skills presented by Shafiabady, Nooranipour & Ahghar (2012) and the questionnaire of social skills (TISS), 40 students with lower scores in the questionnaire were randomly selected and placed into two experimental and control groups, each with 20 members. Then, the experimental group received training of entrepreneurship skills and social skills according to Shafiabady’s multi -axial pattern in 8 sessions of one and half an hour. No intervention was made in the control group. Data was analyzed using covariance analysis method. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of entrepreneurship skills (personal skills sub-scales, interpersonal skills, practical skills, and critical and creative thinking skills) and social skills, that is, vocational counseling based on multi-axial pattern has increased students’ entrepreneurship skills and social skills.

The Purpose of this research was to compare the marital stability and love dimensions among students with traditional and modern marriage. The population of the study included 22 to 35-year-old students married for more than 10 years and studying in Islamic Azad universities of Fars Province. The sample consisted of 326 patients (224 people with traditional marriage and 104 individuals with non-traditional marriage) selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. Marital Instability Index (Edwards, Johnson and Booth) and Sternberg's love triangle were used for data collection. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between traditional and modern marriage, related to marriage instability. The average score of the marriage instability (divorce possibility) in traditional marriages were significantly higher than modern marriages. In addition, results showed that there was a meaning difference (P<0.05) between couples with traditional and modern marriage in the love dimensions. It means that the average grade of couple with traditional marriage was meaningfully more than the average grade of couple with modern marriage in passion and desire dimensions.

The purpose of this study was to Predict Family Function and Marital Happiness based on woman's psychological capital in the family of municipality staff in Shiraz. The research method was descriptive- correlational type. The paper population included all Family of Municipality Staff in Shiraz. Based on simple random sampling, 120 married women of the Municipality Staff were selected. The instruments used in this study were marital happiness, psychological capital and Family Performance Assessment questionnaires. The gathered information was analyzed by using multiple regressions. The results showed that among the aspects of psychological capital (resilience, optimism, self-efficacy and hope), resilience significantly predicted marital happiness. Self-efficacy significantly predicted family function and about predicting the aspects of family function based on the subscales of psychological capital, hope significantly predicted affective involvement. Self-efficacy significantly predicted total performance and problem solving. Optimism significantly predicted Emotional support. Hope and optimism significantly predicted behavior management. On the other hand, women's psychological capital did not significantly predict communication and role playing dimension.

The purpose of this study was to Predict Family Function and Marital Happiness based on woman's psychological capital in the family of municipality staff in Shiraz. The research method was descriptive- correlational type. The paper population included all Family of Municipality Staff in Shiraz. Based on simple random sampling, 120 married women of the Municipality Staff were selected. The instruments used in this study were marital happiness, psychological capital and Family Performance Assessment questionnaires. The gathered information was analyzed by using multiple regressions. The results showed that among the aspects of psychological capital (resilience, optimism, self-efficacy and hope), resilience significantly predicted marital happiness. Self-efficacy significantly predicted family function and about predicting the aspects of family function based on the subscales of psychological capital, hope significantly predicted affective involvement. Self-efficacy significantly predicted total performance and problem solving. Optimism significantly predicted Emotional support. Hope and optimism significantly predicted behavior management. On the other hand, women's psychological capital did not significantly predict communication and role playing dimension.

The goal of this research is to study the effects of sexuality beliefs of urban women on housekeeping. This research uses survey technique on a sample of 200 married housekeeper women aged between 20-70 years old in Tehran (Region 12). This is a correlational and descriptive-survey research. The research society includes all aforementioned women. Cluster sampling method was used and each area of Region 12 was considered as one cluster. The sample volume was calculated by Cochran Formula for 6 areas in Region 12 of Tehran. The research tool was applied on the clusters. The findings showed that women’s beliefs towards exclusive supervisory role of man, commitment to child training, deference, men’s duty to supply family, patriarchy culture, and women’s traditional sexuality beliefs relate with their housekeeping roles.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the interference and support of the people and paternal family on the discouragement life with spouse in Tabriz. The research used survey method and questionnaires for data collection. Item reliability through construct validity and factor analysis was higher than the 0.7 and reliability was 0.8by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population included couples in Tabriz and the sample size was 381 according to Cochran formula and random cluster sampling. The causal relationship between variables was investigated by using the regression coefficient. The amount of support from father's family and intervention influences the rate of disappointing life with a spouse. The variable of support from father's family explains the disappointment of living with a spouse more. Structural equation modeling was drawn by AMOS software and the results showed that the model fit is excellent.

The main objective of this study is to assess the homogamy among couples in Tehran (residents in districts 3 and 20) and its impact on marital satisfaction. The theoretical framework is based on homogamy theory and the propositions have been taken from it. The research method is survey and a researcher-made questionnaire is used. The necessary data is gathered by a sample size of 400 subjects by using Cochran formula and a multi-level cluster sampling method. The results show that 32.8% of respondents have age consistency, 82.8% have ethnicity consistency, 41.3% have the same field of study, 36.3% have the same level of income as their spouse and 52.8% of respondents' education levels are the same as their spouse's education level. If we consider the educational levels closely matched, then 80.8% of the couples are matched in education level. The results indicate that the there is a significant relationship between age, education, occupation and income level and marital but the relationship between ethnic homogeneity and consistency field of study and marital satisfaction could not be verified. Multivariable regression results also show that homogamy variables could explain the changes in marital satisfaction by 21.7%. Based on the results observed, variables such as the same age, educational consistency and the same income level are more effective on marital satisfaction than other variables.

This study aimed to investigate the cause of women’s presence in cyber space. To understand why women prefer to spend their spare time in this space, the qualitative method and thematic analysis is used. Depth interviews with 30 women who were homemakers and bachelor aged between 30 and 40 years old were performed.8 following themes have been obtained: easy and uninterrupted communication with friends and family, ability to learn, possibility of co-existence of different groups, means for being updated, more success in raising children, understanding others’ thoughts, ascending interaction with people and low cost. At the end each of obtained themes were related into three paradigms of sociological analysis: social fact, social definition and social behavior. First theme was analyzed with the "colonization of life world" theory by Habermas, second theme with "exchange theory" by Homans, third one with "separation of time and space "by Giddens, forth with "differentiations Theory" by Baudrillard, fifth with "exchange theory" by Homans, sixth with "mystification theory" by Goffman and eight with "rational choice theory" by Colman.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the degree of daughter’s self-differentiation from mothers’ self-differentiation. For this purpose, 157 students from Islamic Azad University of Gachsaran randomly selected responded the self-differentiation questionnaire. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that there is a positive significant correlation among mothers and daughters’ self-differentiation and its subscales such as emotional reaction, emotional cutoff, fusion with others, and I position. Also, self-differentiation and its subscales such as emotional reaction, emotional cutoff, fusion with others, and I position in the mothers are able to predict these variables in their daughters.

Social participation has two dimensions: the formal and informal participation. According to this division, this study attempts to find out the extent of formal and informal participation of women in Tehran. In addition, it compares the situation of twenty-two regions of Tehran city together and searches effective factors on formal and informal participation of women. The research uses the survey method and the questionnaire technique for data collection. The statistical population of research includes married women (married, divorced and deceased spouse) who are residents of Tehran. Random sampling method helped to select 406 subjects. Results showed that the level of social participation (formal, informal and social participation generally) is low and informal social participation of women is greater than formal participation. There is a significant direct relation between formal and informal participation. Social participation of women with income and without income have significant differences. Social participation of women in different regions of Tehran is different. There was no significant relationship between age, education of women and their participation.

Appropriate uses of information technology in teaching-learning process can promote the quality of teaching and lead to learning achievements. However, there are various types of information technology used in classrooms which can be included on one spectrum. A side of which consists of power-point and the other side consists of mixed electronic learning systems. Despite this, all mentioned types might not end up in improvement of learning and teaching quality. This study was an attempt to compare of technology usage by female English language teachers in state university and Islamic Azad University in Shiraz. This study is functional and semi experimental. The participants of this study included 65 English language teachers, (36 in state university and 29 in Islamic Azad universities) they were selected through convince sampling method. To collect the required data the questionnaire was made by the researcher on a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated 0.97 the reliability of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through, Independent T-test, Pearson Chi-square test. The findings of this study revealed that the most used English language teaching method was communicative and the least used method was audio-lingual method in both state and Islamic Azad universities. As the results showed that there is more significance difference between English language teaching methods in state university than in Islamic Azad University. Moreover, using technology in English language teaching methods increased language learning motivation, there is a significance difference between state university and Islamic Azad university, Educational technologies like virtual class, printer, and scanner were used more by female teachers in Islamic Azad University than state university. Results showed that Islamic Azad University employed technology more than did those at the State University.

Today education and industry with the aim to serve the employment and skills development has been designed. Technological changes that have taken over the world will change businesses soon. What we need, is the educational system that is very common among deep gap that emerged over this time, to make bridge. It is essential to let people learn at their own pace. The study population included all female faculty and staff employed in Islamic Azad University. Among them, 50 students and two faculties cluster has been selected as a statistical sample. This applied research is generally a descriptive and correlation one. The investment on women's education not only reduces the gender gap, but also improves the efficiency of production and higher income. This study investigated the relationship and impact of distance education (virtual) on the promotion of women in Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht. The results of questionnaire and statistical analysis confirmed the hypothesis. Based on the results technological structures, the development of human resources particularly women's education development and novel management structures are the main factors to improve the performance of management in developing women’s education in distance education.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between family function and narcissistic teenage girls. The research used correlational method. The population of the study included all female students in Shiraz city in 2013-2014, 150 female students selected by random multistage cluster sampling enrolled and responded the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Narcissistic Personality (NPI-16). For data analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used. The results of research showed that the family function has a meaningful revers relationship with narcissistic. In addition, family functioning dimension can predict narcissism.

The employment of women in comparison with men exists in an unstable state. This results from a number of factors and obstacles. The large extent of obstacles in women’s employment shows that the only optimistic solution for the improvement of women’s employment is implementing an integrated and systematic planning and making extensive efforts at the national level. Therefore, this study discusses the obstacles for employment of the rural women in Balavelayat village located in Kashmar city. This is a descriptive - analytical study by use of a survey method and a questionnaire for data collection. Factor analysis and Friedman test is used for data analysis. The statistical population of this study included all rural women who were in their activity age (10194 people) in Balavelayat village of whom 370 people were selected as a sample by Cochran’s formula. Based on the results of the factor analysis, eight final factors were determined which could explain 60.314 percent of the variance of all research variables. The policy-making factor (9.189) and psychological factor were respectively the highest and the lowest variances. Cultural factors with an average of 4.24 percent were the most effective factors and “lack of adequate funding and saving”, “the low level of education of rural women” and “women’s heavy duty at home” indicators with the average of 19.26, 18.04 and 17.24 respectively were considered as the most effective obstacles for the employment of women in this village. Therefore, removing these obstacles by implementing the various plans presented by authorities is effective in the higher employment of rural women.

Attention to women’s needs in urban public spaces means inviting them to participate in these social spaces and can lead to women’s urban participation in social activities. A feeling of insecurity among women in urban spaces limits their perfect participation in the city and lead to psychological damages for the person, family and society. The purpose of this paper is to search environmental and physical elements affecting on women’s sense of security in some public spaces of Shiraz. The research method is analytical-descriptive. The population included 608810 individuals living in four, one and five areas of Shiraz, 245 women in public spaces completed the research data as the sample group. For data analysis, nine independent variables included age, occupation, education, quality of land use, psychological characteristics of public space, urban pollution of public space, pattern of public space design and environmental elements of public space that have direct effect on women’s feeling of security were entered in path analysis. Findings of data path analysis show that the most changes of dependent variable relates to the effect of land use quality of urban public spaces (0.271).