SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 (36) |Papers Count:14

This research was conducted with the aim of explaining the causative maternal sense of competency based on parental self-efficacy of mothers and the cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The research method is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling method. Participants were 233 mothers were selected by cluster sampling in elementary student in Shiraz. Measurement tools included Parental self-efficacy measure, cognitive emotion regulation strategies scale and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. The reliability and validity of these scales were favorable. The results showed that parental self-efficacy of mothers has a direct and significant effect on the maternal sense of competency and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Also, cognitive emotion regulation strategies has a direct effect on maternal sense of competency. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between parental self-efficacy of mothers and maternal sense of competency is a mediator.

Nowadays one of the most important criteria for assessing the degree of development of a country is the level of women's employment. Therefore, more attention to women's employment leads to better use of this potential capacity in society. This study has been conducted with the aim of investigation factors influencing rural women's self-employment. The population of this study was including rural women in Zanjan Province that 200 of them were selected by using cluster sampling method (only 188 questionnaires were usable). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS20 and AMOS20 software. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling multivariate technique. The results based on direct structural model with Bayesian estimation method showed that economic conditions, social conditions and education and extension courses had a significant direct effect on rural women's self-employment. Also, the result based on the mediation structural model showed that self-esteem and risk taking variables had a partial mediation on the relationship between economic conditions and social conditions with rural women's self-employment, and risk taking variable had a full mediation on the relationship between extension and educational courses with rural women's self-employment. Generally availability of economic and social conditions and conducting appropriate educational and extension programs along with strengthening individual capabilities such as self-esteem and risk-taking can be the basis for self-employment development among rural women.

Since women have been the main target of any demographic policies, this study explains the modern lifestyle of women and its effects on their low fertility. Anthony Giddens views lifestyle as a spectrum of functions, attitudes, behaviors, insights, tastes and everyday activities and integrates it with motivational theories, especially the second-demographic transition with an individual-level analysis approach to present the model. This study is an applied one in terms of goal, and is descriptive in terms of its data collection method. This study examines the fundamental elements of women’ s lifestyle including insights, attitudes, behavior and the status of current actors in society with individual level analysis approach. The statistic population of this research includes 400 Qazvinian women aged between 15 to 45 and the data is obtained through a questionnaire. Findings show that women’ s modern lifestyle encourages women toward striving for self-realization which is in contradiction with child bearing. Hence, women try to basically change inequalities to their own satisfaction. As the findings indicate, the greatest impact of women’ s low tendency toward child bearing is felt in two elements of lifestyle attitude and socio-political changes. By utilizing methods for changing insight, attitude and behavior and strive for strengthening women’ s legal and social status, one can bring women to accompany new demographic policies of the country.

This study examines social and family factors affecting on women's attitudes toward divorce in the city of Qom; with the goal of suggestions to control some of the factors influencing the propensity of women to divorce. The high rate of divorce in this religious city, emphasizes to examine this phenomenon. This survey study is descriptive – analytic. Sample population consists of 400 women which were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling technique and responded to the researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS 22 was used. The findings indicate that there are meaningful relationship between independent variables (Women perspective to family functions, Women adherence to moral-religious values, The discrepancy between the spouses, Families' couples gap, Support networks, The use of cyberspace, Women expectations of wife, There divorcee relatives and acquaintances) and dependent variable (Women positive attitude toward divorce). The results of Stepwise Regression analysis also show 4 variables (Women expectations of wife, There divorcee relatives and acquaintances, The use of cyberspace, The discrepancy between the spouses), predict 32/2% of the changes in dependent variable (Women positive attitude toward divorce).

The purpose of this study is to identify social concepts of the Holy Quran with emphasis on the sociology of women, family and marriage in order to provide a successful Quranic family model. The research approach is of a mixed type (quantitative and qualitative) and is purposeful, applied, as well as in terms of method, descriptive-analytical and theoretical basis. The research field is the social verses of the Holy Quran with the subject of women, marriage and family then 398 verses were selected and the verses translated into Excel software. The analysis of verses was done using open and axial coding and the main categories were categorized in three categories: family, marriage, and woman. The statistical population of the study included experts in Quranic sciences and sociology that was selected by snowball. The findings of the study showed that from the analysis of Quranic verses in the subject, 30 core categories, 302 concepts and 691 codes were obtained, respectively, in the family section with 14 categories of topics, 78 concepts and 300 codes, in the marriage section, 8 categories, 64 categories Concept and 111 codes, and in women with 9 categories of topics, 160 concepts and 280 codes Most of the code obtained in the family section was obtained which in essence the presentation of the conceptual model of the present research emphasizes the same issue. Another result from the analysis of verses showed that the most verses in the subject of women with 206 verses, in the subject of the family with 145 verses And in the subject of marriage you have 47 verses In this study, the apparent and hidden coherence of Quranic verses on the importance of the family institution in social progress in Islamic societies. Utilizing the Quranic model of a successful family can contribute to this goal.

This study aimed to Identification of effective factors on violence against women in Ahvaz city. The data of this study is to survey using self-report questionnaire of a sample size of 200 married women referred to the judiciary the real cause of violence against them by their spouse were collected by sampling. Assumptions through Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and multivariate regression were tested. Its validity was assessed through validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. The coefficients obtained for the variables are 0. 65, which can be concluded that the research tool was a reliable and reliable instrument. The results showed that the acceptance of male authority in the family, gender socialization, authority and male domination, addiction husband, male and family involvement, lack of social support in violence against women, a significant relationship was observed. Therefore, the greater the acceptance of male authority in the family, the gendered socialization of women, the authority and domination of the man in the family, the involvement of men and women around the community and the lack of social protection of women, violence against them also increases. Also, violence against women among women with addicted husbands has more than women with unmarried husbands, of the independent variables, the highest share was observed in the rate of violence against women, acceptance of male authority (β = 0. 387), husband's interference with (β = 0. 373), authority and male domination (β = 0. 241), Lack of social protection with (β =0. 224) and gender socialization with (β =0. 223).

The present study was attempt to investigate the relationship between life skills and emotional divorce. In this research, the method of collecting data is descriptive and survey research and it used correlation in order to show the relationship between variables such as life skills and emotional divorce. The participants of the study involved all married people of Shiraz. Sample size were 384 citizenships of shiraz using Cochran formula who were selected from 10 regions of this city based on multistage cluster sampling. The researcher used two types of questionnaires. The former was Maryam Eskafi's emotional divorce questionnaire and the latter was couple's life skills questionnaire according to the World Health Organization's Life Skills Index. The researcher used Pearson correlation coefficient tests and multiple regression coefficient and data analysis was administered with SPSS software (version 22). The Results of Pearson Correlation Coefficient indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between life skills and its dimensions with emotional divorce and vice versa. Also, the results of regression analysis revealed 77. 7 percent of the variations of emotional divorce were related to the life skills which showed important role and influence of life skills to explain emotional divorce. Among the dimensions of life skills, Problem solving skills, effective communication and empathy were the most effective types to predict emotional divorce

Considering the negative effects of interpersonal dependency on marital quality of couples, current study conducted to investigate effect of Mindfulness-integrated transactional analysis therapy on marital quality of women with interpersonal dependency. In the study a single case study with multiple baselines was used for different subjects. The study’ s statistical community included all of women with interpersonal dependency that referred to counseling centers in Falavarjan city because of marital problems. The study sample consisted of three women with high interpersonal dependency that were selected by purposive sampling using Interpersonal dependency inventory (IDI; Hirschfeld et al., 1977) and diagnostic interviews. The intervention included 14 sessions (90-120 minutes each) based on Mindfulness-integrated transactional analysis therapy. Marital adjustment was measured by the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS; Busby et al., 1995) at baseline (3-5 times), during Intervention (4 times), and follow up (3 times) sessions. Analysis was conducted by visual analysis and descriptive statistics. The results of Trending, Stability, Maximum percentage of Improvement, Effect size, and Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data, indicated that Mindfulness-integrated transactional analysis therapy has been effective on marital quality of all three women participated in the research. Overall, the results suggest that Mindfulness-integrated transactional analysis therapy can be used by Specialists to enhance marital quality of dependent women.

Women Applicants for the Divorce Faced with Infidelity often react with distress, emotional exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of holographic re-treatment on affective control and difficulty in emotion regulating of Women Applicants for the Divorce Faced with Infidelity. The present study was a pre-test and post-test semi experimental design with control group. Among all divorced women who referred to the emergency medical center of this city in Ilam city district in 2017, 30 people who had been confronted by wife's betrayal were selected by random sampling method and were randomly selected. They were assigned to intervention and control groups (each group was 15). The instruments used in this study were Mississippi PTSD scale, emotional control questionnaire (Williams & Chambles), difficulty in emotions regulation (Graz and Romer), and holographic re-treatment treatment package (Katz, 2005). Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that holographic reprocessing had a significant effect on affective control and difficulty in emotion regulating of Women Applicants for the Divorce Faced with Infidelity )F=1307/30, p<0/000). The results of one-variable covariance test showed that there was a significant difference between two groups in affective control )F=2318/32, p<0/000) and difficulty in emotion regulation (P <0. 000, F = 173/02) There is. Holographic reprocessing treatment increases affective control and Recovery of difficulty in emotion regulationg in the Women Applicants for the Divorce Faced with Infidelity. During the treatment, the damaging memories are targeted. By turning to the traumatic scene and scene regeneration of the scene, evacuation and release of the emotional blockade of traumatic memories can be made.

This research was designed to understand the extent and the way women participate in mosques and compare them with the teachings of Islam in the mosques of Pakdasht city. In this way, the statistical population of the study included all women who were active, semi-active or inactive in the mosque and its affairs. The data collection tool was a qualitative and profound interview with some of the women who purposefully selected 6 mosques (Imam Sadiq (as), Amir al-Momenin (AS) mosque, al-Mahdi mosque (AS), Sahib Al-Zaman (AS), Imam Hussein (AS) and Seyyed al-Shohada) were selected from all the mosques in the city of Pakdasht and from different regions and according to different geographical directions (Kermaniya, Sharifabad, Qoah, Jamal Abad, Qala Nou and Namjoo settlements). The data from these interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that women can participate in mosque affairs in many different ways. Participation in a variety of affairs included a total participation in cultural activities, political affairs and social affairs in the mosque. Political activities at the lowest level and social activities were at the highest level of activity. In the sense that most women were referred to as social interactions from the presence of mosque activities. However, among these activities, cultural affairs were more diverse. The final findings showed that there is a relatively large gap between Islamic teachings in terms of attending mosque affairs and theoretical view or practical action.

The main objective of this study was to compare the level of marital satisfaction and life expectancy between Hysterectomies and normal women. This is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of patients group included all the women who qualified the study criteria and were admitted to Dena hospital in the city of Shiraz for hysterectomy operation in the period of 23rd of September 2014 to 20 of March 2015. The patient sample composed of 100 women who were selected from the patient statistical population with convenient sampling method. The statistical population of healthy group consisted of all the women in Shiraz who qualified the study criteria and never undergone hysterectomy. The healthy sample composed of 100 healthy women from the above group, selected from women who accompaning patient which selected with purposive – sampling method. For data collection, two questionnaires were used: 35item Enrich questionnaire of marital satisfaction short form and Hrs life expectancy Inventory. For statistical analysis, independent t-test and One-way ANOVA were used. The results show that there was not any significant difference for marital satisfaction between healthy and patient groups however there was significant difference for life expectancy between healthy and patient groups. In addition, there was not any significant difference between marital satisfaction sub-scales scores between two groups.

Sexual harassment at work environment e is a destructive social phenomenon and has been infrequently studied among Iranian organizations. This study aimed to examine direct and indirect effects of sexual harassment and job stress on dysfunctional behavior of employees (including absenteeism and turnover) due to the mediating role of burnout. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, is correlation– causal research and the sample size was determined with a statistical analysis of at least 273 and a cluster sampling method was used. A tool for measuring variables and collecting data was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was verified by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data and to test hypothesis correlation quotient and structural equation modeling by SPSS and AMOS were used. The results showed that sexual harassment and occupational stress had a significant effect on the intention of turnover and absenteeism, both directly and indirectly through job burnout.

The purpose of this study was to survey Effectiveness of Bowen Systemic Consulting on forgiveness and marital burnout in maladaptive women. The method of research was Quasi-experimental and pretest – posttest with multi groups. The statistical population included all women who were referred to the Justice Department in Ardabil in order to divorce in 2016. The sample consisted of 30 non-compliant women (divorce applicant) were selected by available sampling method and random assigned to two groups, one experimental group and one control group (each group was 15). From questionnaires forgiveness (Rey, 1998) and marital burnout (Pines, 2004) was used to collect information. For experiment group, Bowen Systemic Consulting were held in 7 sessions in one and a half hours whereas control groups did not receive any training. For both of groups, pre-test and post-test were performed one week before and one week after counseling. The results of covariance analysis showed that Bowen Systemic Consulting significantly increased the amount of forgiveness and decreased marital burnout and its dimensions include physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion, and mental exhaustion in maladaptive women (p>0/01). These results can be backed up to use Bowen Systemic Consulting method to reduce marital burnout and increase the amount of forgiveness in Incompatible women. In this way, in addition to preventing the collapse of the family foundation, it improved marital relations.

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between social capital and occupational hardiness of female managers in selected universities. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population is all female managers in selected universities and the sampling method was convenience. The sample size is 150 female managers in years 2012-2017 in selected universities. Data were collected using occupational hardiness questionnaire by Moreno James et al. (2014) and the revised social capital questionnaire by Moghtadaie (2011) whose reliability were 0. 88 and 0. 87 respectively. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. To analyze the model, "structural equation modeling" method has been used with partial least squares approach. The results showed that the conceptual model of research has desirable fit. Moreover the research findings indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and occupational hardiness; that is, female managers' occupational hardiness will increase by the increase in their social capital. The findings of this study would help female managers to acquire the necessary knowledge in their job, which promotes their occupational hardiness.