SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 (5)|Papers Count:8

The purpose of the present study was to study factors associated with domestic discordances through a survey method. Collins’s theory was the theoretical framework of the study. A sample of 30 couples referred to the courts of Bastak participated in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Its face validity was evaluated by sociologists and its Cronbach’s Alpha was assessed to be 0.94. A use was made of SPSS to codify, extract and analyze data. Statistical analyses included univariate analysis (descriptive statistics), and bivariate analysis (t-test, spearman correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA). The results of the study suggested that there was a significant relationship between variables such as marriage age, couple’s education, couple’s job, couple’s romantic relationship, families’ interference, and the partner’s mental illness and domestic discordances.

Marital infidelity is the subject that couple therapists regularly encounter. It can be a perplexing and painful experience for anyone engaged with. The aim of the current study was to explore the relation between Attachment Style and Early Maladaptive Schema in women with extramarital sex relationship in Tehran city. Subjects of the study were 82 women who were referred to divorce reduction centers in Tehran city from Mehr of 88 to Shahrivar of 89. Data were collected through the use of Early Maladaptive Schema Scale (short form) and Attachment Style Scale. The Results indicated that there was a significant correlation between Avoidance Attachment Style and four domains of schema including Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance, Impaired limits, and Over Vigilance-Inhibition. There was also a significant correlation between Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Style and the domains of Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance, and Over Vigilance-Inhibition. It was also suggested that there was a negatively significant correlation between Secure Attachment Style and the domains of Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance, and Over Vigilance-Inhibition.

The aim of the present study is to survey women’s attitudes toward the cultural and educational effect of the Islamic Azad University on women living in Kazeroun. This survey study sampled 1677 housewives, employed women, university students, and high school students living in Kazeroun and older than 15 through random cluster sampling. A use was made of a likert-scale questionnaire tapping the respondents’ attitudes on the cultural and educational impact of Islamic Azad University (Kazeroun branch) on women. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed utilizing SPSS to run appropriate statistics (e.g. Chi-square test, Binomial test, correlation coefficients). The findings of this study indicated that the respondents expressed positive attitudes toward the educational effects of Islamic Azad University on women particularly with respect to the increased number of female students admitted to the University and higher education. Similarly, as far its cultural effects are concerned, they had positive attitudes toward the effects of Islamic Azad University on women in particular concerning raising self-esteem and confidence of women and developing their sensitivity toward daily affairs. In women's opinion, the educational effect of the university was more than its cultural effects.

Drug dependence is a social problem that traditionally involved men. However, recent developments which have changed the social, economic, and cultural status of women has led to drug addiction of women. Research on women’s drug addiction has, thus far, looked typically into the issues quantitatively drawing on psychological and sociological theories. This study, however, attempted to investigate the problem qualitatively. More specifically, this study explored addicted women's lived experiences through a phenomenological approach. Thirty women from Sari selected through purposive sampling participated in in-depth interviews. Interview transcriptions were analyzed drawing on Strabert’s method to extract significant themes. Theme analysis lead to conceptual codes and classes, and five themes (triangle of individual, family, and society, spectrum of happiness-distress, broken social relationships, inability against community pressure, impotence in the face of circumstances) which, in turn, helped the researcher to develop a model to define the phenomenon of drug dependence from the women’s stance.

This research aimed at studying the recognition of women’s rights in the content of social sciences courses in Iran’s high schools. A descriptive method was used to identify women’s rights components and content analysis was used to study and analyze the content of social sciences courses in Iran’s high schools. The corpus of the study included the content of social sciences courses including textbooks (Social Studies 1, Sociology 1 & 2). Research instruments comprised content analysis, image analysis and objectives analysis lists developed taking into account theoretical frameworks. The validity of the instrument was evaluated by experts. Its Cronbach’s alpha was also assessed to be 0.82. A use was also made of Chi-square to analyze data. The unit of analysis was sentences contained in textbook content, objectives content, as well as images. Content analyses of the objectives and textbooks suggested that women’s rights were heeded by 3.43 percent and 0.86 percent respectively. Cognitive component was maximally attended but the affective and performance components were neglected. Furthermore, it was revealed that the components such as empowering environment for women, women ownership rights of husbands’ properties, and marriage satisfaction were completely ignored. Concerning images, it was indicated that in 25 percent of the entire images women’s rights components were observed.

This research purported to study personality characteristics of female employees in organizations and their entrepreneurship and further to investigate their relationship. The sampling frame of the study included 359 female employees. The sample of the study involved a total of 153 respondents selected using stratified sampling strategy with a reference to Morgan’s table. The measurement instruments were two 7-point likert-scale questionnaires of personality characteristics and entrepreneurship including 35 and 54 items respectively. The reliabilities of the instruments were estimated to be 0.883 and 0.839 respectively through the use of test-retest method. Data was analyzed utilizing SPSS to run Pearson correlation analyses. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant relationship between personality characteristics and entrepreneurship of women. As such, it is suggested that an understanding of female employees’ personality characteristics might help us to foster their entrepreneurship in order to resolve many problems faced in society and organizations.

It is clear that dowry has a significant effect on marriage. According to the decrees of holly Islam, it is recommended that one base marriage foundations properly from the beginning by setting fair and reasonable dowries. Unfortunately, nowadays, setting excessive dowries has become one of the major obstacles for the youth to marry. The aim of this research was to investigate the status of dowry of married students, its threats to marriage, and the socio-cultural factors influencing it. This survey study involved 180 students selected through random stratified sampling out of a total of 530 married students studying at Islamic Azad University of Felavarjan. The measurement instrument of the study was a likert-scale questionnaire developed by the researcher. It comprised three sections including; 1. demographic information 2. identifying the threats of dowry to marriage, and 3. identifying threatening factors. Its Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities were 0.89 and 0.86 for section two and three respectively. Data was analyzed using Factor Analysis. The results of Factor Analysis revealed that dowry gave rise to familial, social, economic, and cultural damages with sampling efficiency coefficients (KMO coefficient) of 0.82, 0.66, 0.64, and 0.73 respectively. The results also indicated that social factors (with the average of 3.35), economical factors (with the average of 3.33) exerted an effect larger than medium on dowry. Cultural factors (with the average of 2.99), however, had a medium impact on dowry.

One of the important issues in Islamic societies is whether Muslim women can contribute to the social activities or not. If yes, as such a contribution involves a relationship with men, does Islamic Jurisprudence based on Quran and narrations agree with such a relationship? Is this relationship limited or absolute? If limited, what are its restraints? This paper attempted to answer these questions and to prove the fact that Islamic Sharia approves of women's social contribution on condition that principles are observed. Some of these principles are common to both men and women and some particular to women. In conclusion, the relationship between men and women, and in other words, women's social contribution observing principles for to perform assigned tasks, is not only acceptable but also necessary.