SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

The main aim of this article was to examine the relationship between demographic, social, cultural and psychological factors and husbands’ attitudes toward violence against wives in the family. The sampling frame of this survey research comprised all monogamous men in Shiraz with at least one year of marital life. 400 men selected as the sample of the study employing a multistage stratified random sampling strategy responded to a questionnaire. The results of this research showed that there was no significant relationship between husband's age and the education difference of couples and the husband’s attitudes toward violence against wives. However, there was a significant relationship between the number of children, husband’s marriage age, age difference of the couple, husband’s beliefs about gender stereotypes, husband's ethnicity, husband's job, husband’s observation of parents’ violence in the original family, husband’s satisfaction with marital life and the husband’s attitude toward violence against the wife. The findings of research, further, indicated a strong correlation between the cultural factor of husband’s beliefs about gender stereotypes and the husband’s attitude toward diverse types of violence against the wife.

Public participation in political affairs as a result of willingness to take part in political system is one of the outcomes and achievements of advanced democracy. Thus participation can be deemed as one of the criteria for success of comprehensive development. Women as half of the societies' force and as an important source of development play a substantial role in the development of human societies. Men have not desired or have failed to defend women's interests. As such, women's participation in all social activities, such as politics is necessary to the extent that it can be said that assuming a minority role in political affairs on the part of women stalls democracy.United Nations Human Development which reports the rank of different countries in human development, has recently (2009) issued a report of measures taken by countries under study concerning the degree of government commitment and efforts in achieving goals of the " Gender Empowerment" program. In the table provided special care has been heeded to women participation and involvement in politics. Researchers, in this analytical-descriptive study, make an effort to answer the question as to why there is a low rate of women political participation in the Middle East. To this end and further to find the underlying reasons a comparative analysis was made of the status of the region's countries in world's democracy and of political and economical participation rate of women in the Middle East.

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between religiosity and scientism among female PhD students of Shiraz University. All PhD students were statistical research society which included 199 people so no sampling method was used in this investigation. It was a survey study and the data was collected using a questionnaire. SPSS 11.5 software was used for data analysis. Max Weber’s theory of contradiction between science and religion was used in this research. as the theoretical orientation. In general, descriptive statistics showed that more than sixty percent of respondents had moderate religiosity and a negative relationship was found between religiosity as the independent variable and scientific orientation operationalised as B.A and M.A levels of education. However, the relationship between religiosity and scientific activity was positive.    

The present study investigated the effects of behavioral-cognitive training on the matrimony satisfaction of elementary girl students' parents in the second district of Shiraz in the academic year 2008–2009. 30 couples who possessed the desired qualifications and volunteered to participate in the study were selected randomly from among all girls' parents of one elementary school in second district of Shiraz to comprise the sample of the study. They were, then, assigned to experimental and control groups. All parents from the two groups filled out Enrich questionnaire of matrimony satisfaction and a questionnaire of recitative reactions, cooperation and sexual relations. Then, the experimental group received a 15-hour treatment (training) based on the insights from the questionnaires. At the same time the control group, similarly, received training but on irrelevant issues such as how to educate children. When the education finished both groups took the questionnaires again.  Employing independent t-test and tow-way ANOVA the data was analyzed. The findings of this study indicated that the behavioral-cognitive training lead to increasing the matrimony satisfaction of couples. It was also revealed that the gender of spouses had no effect on the rate of effectiveness of behavioral-cognitive training.

This study aimed to study the consequences of the establishment of Islamic Azad University (IAU) on the life of women in Kazeron. In particular this study attempted to examine the consequences from the stance of women of Kazeron. This study drew on a sample of 1677 educated women and girls older than 15 including employees (government and non-government), housewives and students (university and school) who were married, single, engaged or widows from Kazeron selected randomly using cluster sampling. A questionnaire was employed as the instrument to tap the attitudes of the respondents about the economic consequences of IAU in terms of different dimensions. To establish validity and reliability of the questionnaire a use was made of content validity analysis and Cronbach's Alpha respectively which indicated that it had reliability and validity. Using SPSS the data was analyzed revealing that from the perspective of the Kazeron women IUA played a positive role in augmenting women's willingness and involvement in city management, increasing job diversity, job creation and aiding the family and women economy, accessing jobs and finding a job and making money.

Obesity is a medical term that describes a state of overweight (fat tissue) in the body that has negative impacts on health. In this research, we tried to find out the relationship between eating attitudes, and self-regulation with life style dimensions between obese and non-obese women in Shiraz city. To this end, a sample of 202 women (101 obese and 101 non-obese) were selected randomly from the total population of the Shiraz women. Eating attitude, self regulation and life style questionnaires were administered to the participants and information of participants’ bodily assessment were gathered with the assistance of a nutrition expert on the basis of body fat tissue (BMI). Results showed that there is a positive relationship between eating attitude and life style dimensions, and a negative relationship between eating attitude and self regulation, but a positive relationship was found between self regulation and life style dimensions at 0/001 level of significance. Moreover, significant differences in eating attitudes, self regulation and dimensions of life style were found between obese and non-obese women at 0/001level of significance.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy with regard to moderating early maladaptive schemas among depressed women. All depressed women in Marvdasht were the population studied through an applied pre-test and post-test design. 20 depressed women were selected using random sampling and were further assigned to control and experimental groups randomly. Schema therapy, the independent variable, was performed on experimental group in the course of 10 sessions, each session taking 120 minutes. To collect data, Beck depression questionnaire and Young schema questionnaire (short form) were employed. Results of t-test showed significant differences between the control and experimental groups pointing to the effectiveness of the group therapy approach. Moreover, the effect of group schema-based approach on reducing the early maladaptive schemas was verified in all cases. In other words, group schema therapy was significantly effective in reducing maladaptive schemas in some dimensions as disconnection, rejection, other-directedness, and over-vigilance.

Mathnavi is the world of love and friendship. In this mortal world, the purpose of Molana is training majestic and mature people who are constantly worshiping God. To speak about women and views surrounding them is no easy requiring research and investigation. Women in the wide arena of the world carry a special burden on their shoulders; giving birth to and raising and maturing human beings mentally and physically.In this paper an attempt was first made to study the women's depictions and representations in circumstances which could be beneficial as in fact a woman is representative of achievement of dreams and desires. Thus her status and value shouldn't be ignored. Then, mention was made of women who had important role in Molana's life including Molana's mother "Gohar" who was a pure and chaste woman and his second wife "Karakhatoon" who was an intelligent and bright woman. Molana in a description of "Karakhatoon" points out that she was the most beautiful woman in the world in terms of face and perfection like the star of Sareh and in chastity and pureness was like Virgin Mary in her time. According to Molana coupling of elements and moral understanding are of prime importance in marriage. He refers to the coupling of the phenomena in the world several times in Mathnavi. The implication of this paper is that the goal of Molana is to be a perfect human being and that no difference should be made between men and women from different nationalities. And also that the merit of people is not in their gender. Molana's conception of a perfect human being transcends the material borders.