Journal of Spatial Planning
Year:2010 | Volume:14 | Issue:2 (66)|Papers Count:15

Building violations have some results such as; economical, social, physical and spatial. of physical and spatial results are: urban growth, urban sprawl, unsafely building, growth of slums, unrythmical and growth of construction, change in urban landscape, lack of proportion in urban density and etc.This research analyzes the relations between construction activities and the municipality incomes in Isfahan urban zones.In this applied research. We used comparative analysis, Shanon's Entropy Method and correlations analysis as well as documentary, internet and other resources.The results obtained showed that 1) most of urban violation activities in Isfahan city happen in margin districts, 2) Most of building violations lead to fine 3) the urban vulnerability in Isfahan urban zones showed building and violations are increasing in all urban zones.

Globalization is nowadays fact. As production factors, World circulation of capital, goods and information has created new configuration of economic, social and spatial relations. In this condition, appearance of global cities, as the main center of establishing of new functions and connecting of national economy to global economy, is the most spatial outcome of globalization. In addition to support of establishing and renewal of globalization's socioeconomics structures, this centers provide basis for functional and economic dynamics of local, regional and even national background. This means that the cities, especially metropolitan regions, need establishing positive link with changes of globalization and its necessities.In this relation, the reasoning is that one of agents of un-sustainability of Tehran metropolitan region is lack of positive relationship with globalization and world cities network in recent two decades. So, this paper analyzed the place of Tehran metropolitan region based on indicators of economic globalization and global cities. Results showed that Tehran metropolitan region has not entered into globalization process and is out of the world cities network, yet. So that, the index of foreign direct investment (years of 1372-1386) and foreign trade volume (years of 1378-1383), as two main components of economic globalization, and comparative comparing of them with some of other metropolitan regions, showed the few share of Tehran metropolitan region in globalization. Also, review of the results of world researches on global cities showed that the Tehran metropolitan region is out of the world cities network.

By the emergence of the third millennium and changes in all dimensions of peoples life, the paradigm of the land have to must also be transformed for encountering the world and the new millennium. It's because that the today lifestyle of human beings is not proportional to the needs of the forming information society. Therefore, it is necessary to present a suitable pattern for planning of the land use in the age of information. By using the analytic - descriptive method, this article intends to criticize the present type of th the land use planning in the urban field. It also tries, by utilizing new and optimal methods for presenting a new concept of the planning system, to establ ish a new foundation called "virtual uses".

In this paper, tourism industry in the cities of Southern Khorasan, by using different models (such as Data Envelopment Analysis) was compared in order to investigate it status in Ferdows city. Then the situation of this city has been more emphasized. Therefore, difficulties and limitations of tourism industry in Southern Khorasan Province have been explained and the probable successes and fails of different cites have been explored exalt this industry. The main question in this research is if turism industry has suitable productivity in Southern Khorasan, Specially Ferdows city?

Continuous and uncontrolled growth of urban areas is one of the most important problems for city managers and planners. Therefore, modeling and prediction of land use change in urban areas are of prime importance. In recent years, Cellular Automata (CA) model has been proposed and used for prediction of land use changes and urban development, and because of its dynamic nature, it has been introduced as an efficient model for implementation and examination of different simulations.In this paper, development of urban areas in suburbs located in the southwest of Tehran city has been simulated with the aid of CA model. The urban areas have been extracted by processing the SPOT data of the years 1986, 1992, 1996 and 2002. By using the Weights of Evidence approach, correlations between the developed residential areas and spatial attributes (such as distance from industrial land uses or roads) have been analyzed and the results have been used in the simulation process. The year 1992 has been used as the starting point of simulation and, after execution of Direct, WoE and Hybrid models with different parameter settings in the developed software, the results of prediction for the years 1996, 2002 and 2021 have been evaluated.The accuracy of simulation with the optimum model with the maximum error of 60 meters for the year 1996 is 83% and by introducing the tolerance of 5 cells (the maximum error of 100 meters), it is 78 for the year 2002.The results of this research showed the high capabilities and potentials of CA model and important research topics for the effective use of this approach are proposed.

Nowadays, considering; the geographical, political, social and cultural parameters, optimum geographic locations are selected and organized for the units and areas industrial if estates. For this purpose, it is essential to make optimum decision for detecting a final optimum site through the obtained alternatives after the site selection process. This problem will be complex by involving uncertain geographic conditions and criteria. MCDM is one of the main mathematical techniques that can solve the problem evaluating uncertain geographic alternatives using GIS.So the aim of in this paper is proposing a new method for solving uncertain multicriteria geographic problems using aggregating of different aggregation modes. For this purpose the level 2 and type 2 fuzzy sets were used for evaluating 10 industrial estates in the east Azerbaijan province based on different criteria. Final assessment of the alternatives was defined on the support of the considered alternatives, and probabilistic approach was used for fuzzy comparison by expert's opinions.

What is inequality? What is its nature? What are its characteristics? And How can we identify it in cities and regions? The complexity of inequality, concept, as for other philosophical concepts, has created a definitional problem among the philosophers and scholars, so there is no unanimous definition for this concept. Inequality appears in various dimensions such as inequality in international, national, regional, urban, and rural areas. This also is the case of developed and developing countries. This issue has been proposed in regional planning culture after the 1960's, and its situation is not yet clear in iran.This paper aims at deeper understanding of inequality in socio-economic studies as well as distinguishing it from the related concepts, which sometimes overlap. Therefore, an attempt was made to realize the concept of inequality in socio-economic studies through the process of comparing some other concepts. The method of the research is descriptive/analytical. Examining various theories in this context shows that inequality should be interpreted according to the temporal - locational, economical, social, cultural, political and ideological conditions. In other words, it should be interpreted within the structural framework of the related system because inequality is a relative, dynamic and normative concept.

For a long time, stress as a phenomenon, has existed among the communities. On the other hand, communities have encountered with different stressor factors. Recent studies show that rural communities, despite of their uniformity and apparent relaxation state, are exposed to many stressor factors such as natural disasters, climatologically conditions, government policies, price fluctuation of crops and geographical isolation. In this article, stressor factors of 212 rural farmers of Estahban were studied. The results of data analisis in this descriptive research indicated that among the economic, social, natural and special factors, the natural and economic ones have more influences in the creation of stress among the rural farmers of the stahban. Also there is a significant difference between the stressor factors.

The northern slope of Keyamaki-Dagh volcanic dom, due to its high elevation (3414m height), and slope orientation and absence of other effecting factors such as tectonic activity and insignificant anthropogenic interferences, is a good case study for proposing the topic of palaeoclimatic changes based on geomorphological records.In this research, we studied some of the geomorphic features that their formations require long-term time, and the role of climate in their establishment has been investigated, via interpretation of topographic and geologic maps, areal photos and specially field study. Deposited valleys, cliff-talus systems, avalanche talus, blocky flows, and rockglaciers are sloppy features, and aggradational and deggradational phases, debris flows changes in size of the deposited particles and Tufa formation are features related to climatic changes on the Parsian alluvial fan.The results showed that geomorphic aspects of northern slope of Keyarnaki-Dagh have been influenced by the climatic factors and their changes especially in Quaternary. Facies Architecture Analysis on alluvial fan deposits and layer sequences based on relative chronology showed that favorable periods for Tufa formation are on conformity to warm periods, and that deposition of conglomerates has occurred in cold periods in upper Pleistocene. Several geomorphic relics from the early Holocene warm period, Younger Dryas cold period, and warmer period between the cold periods of Iron Age and Little Ice Age have been investigated.It is important that we must wait to quik geomorphological responses to the changes resulting from the external factors in such areas. With due attention to increasing trend in temperature, at present, controlling and monitoring of hydrologic systems of the study area as well as attention to the increasing or decreasing trend of temperature and precipitation are very important.

Countries employ one of the different types of unitary, federali, autonomy or self-governing patterns to politically organize their geographical space. Having attacked by America in 2003, Iraq selected the federalism model to administer the country with its rulers' new attitude toward geographical, cultural, tribal and linguistic realities of the country and taking into account the Kurds' twelve years of experience in the north of this country during the 90s. Iraqi Kurds have so far been able in this to establish a federal state in three north Kurd-dwelling provinces.Accordingly, this paper is, by considering the federalism realities present in Iraq and studying the structural and function-oriented characteristics of the regional government of Kurdistan, attempts to find an appropriate answer to this question: "What are the similar and distinctive points of Iraqi Kurdistan's Self-governing Pattern with the other Autonomy and Federalism Patterns?"Descriptive-analytical method was applied to answer this question. The research results suggested that, although Iraqi Kurdistna's pattern has some similarities with other non-concentrative patterns, it differs from them in such aspects as establishing foreign relations and possessing defensive-military force, known as "Pishmarg or land guards", etc., in a way that an independent existence can be considered for it within the pattern of the political management of space.

Temperature is one of the most important effective factors on climate and environment. The Caspian Sea, the vast water body in the North Iran, has the important proportion in controlling the fluctuation of temperature. To survey the synoptic conditions and determinate the effect of thermal regions and factors on them in the Caspian Sea, the daily atmospheric data of different levels were cottected from 1994 to 2003 and the indicators of thermal situation such as air temperature, potential temperatured and thermal advection from 1000 to 100hp levels were calculated. Then the maps map of thermal regions for atmospheric columns from 1000 to 100hp and maps of thermal regions for 300, 500, 700, 850 and 1000hp levels were drawn by using principal component and cluster analysis in the Caspian Sea. The results showed that there are seven regions for each the thermal indicator, of which latitude and synoptic systems particularly the Asia high pressure in the cold seasons in the east and north east Caspian Sea decrease temperature and immigrating low and high pressure systems in west and southwest increase temperature are the most important factors effective on separating the thermal regions in different levels. Also the results of comparing the maps of thermal regions (air temperature, potential temperature and thermal advection) showed that land and water areas do not separate Therefore, the role of huge water body for making spatial distribution and thermal regions is weak and probably its effect on local and meso scales is in some specific period of the year by transporting energy and generating breeze of land-sea. Overal there is averagely a temperature difference of 7-10oC between the north and the south, ond 2-3oC between the east and the west, and the coldest region is located hn the north east.

Landslide is a natural disaster with great human and economic losses in the world. Iran, especially in the north and Haraz road, is always exposed to landslide hazard because of climatic and physiographic conditions. The purpose of this research is landslide hazard mapping using AHP model in GIS environment in a part of Haraz watershed. For landslide susceptibility mapping, at first, landslide distribution map and the map of the effective factors were prepared by field study. Then prioritization of effective factors was carried out using expert opinion and AHP method. Finally, nine factors including slope, solope direction, elevation, geology units, land use, distance to streams, distance to road, distance to fault and rainfall map were selected as the most effective factors. Then landslide hazard zoning was carried out using AHP model. The results showed that the most effective in the landslide area were geology units, distance to road and slope. However, two factors of fault and rainfall were the lowest effective factors in the landslide area.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT), is new approach in scientific and practical project. This Technology has many application and efficiency in different fields. Urban and rural regional are main users. So, today for study ICT needs to suitable models. For this application have many methods in network model (e. g. Graph base, Matrix, Geometry and ...). For the reason that, study of ICT in this paper used Matrix model and not used geometry model. This aim, method of Analytic Network Process (ANP) selected for ICT and optimization of relationship rural and urban. Because, this model prepares many scenario for decision-making and can present priorities. Also, can cover theoretical and practical application for create moderation and sustainable development between rural and urban area. Alashtar Township (or Selseleh) is located between 33 degrees and 38 minutes until 34 degrees and 22 minutes north latitude and 47 degrees 50 minutes until 48 degrees and 30 minutes east. Alashtar city located average height of 1610 meters above sea level. According to the latest political divisions in the 1385 census Alashtar township (in Lorestan province of Iran), including two parts which include: Central and Firoz Abad. Alashtar city has 2 cities and 291 villages and is the number of village has 33 villages empty of inhabitants and the population. The research hypothesis is as follows:ANP models are using appropriate pattern can by decision-making scenarios that are affected by ICT for improved optimization and determining priorities relationship of Urban and Rural area in the township Alashtar presented.Methodology of this paper is combining method including field survey and description - analysis. In designed ANP model, criteria and alternative including clusters (6) and nodes (16). Result, shows ANP have many application and that can combined with other models e. g. SWOT and GP and etc. Export ANP model had many scenario for presentation of ICT situation in Alashtar township. Nodes of "existing of ICT', 'using computer' and 'access of people' have most priority in all nodes.Comparison of output model with real word situation, presented more than 90% of ICT center in area have overlay. So, Decision-making in select priority can be increase ICT development and justice parameters in Alashtar Township.51 centers of ICT in rural areas using the model results were only four villages (Vrnemeh, Cheshehbied, Zhiriyan and Keshvarz) over 5 km distance from the network without covering ICT are desirable.

Design led planning (DLP) is an inter-approach which links urban design and urban planning. This approach stems from the traditional developing plans not properly responding to urban quality. In a general view linking qualities and quantities parameters in urban environments and necessity of an integrated approach between urban planning and design is the main objective of DLP to urban quality and also measuring it's emphasize on urban space management system. This article is going to review DLP's theory concept and practical effect on increasing urban quality in a case study which is Tehran's cultural-artistic space (shahr theatre surrounding). In this respect development brief is a practical tool to utilize DLP approach. This research shows because of DLP's Practical characteristics and development brief output content, utilizing it can be effective to make urban planning process much integrated, creating a general process to link urban planning and design, speed up preparing plans and increasing the result quality. Also the result of this research shows that the existing of design and quality concerns in all developing plan levels which begins with social, economic and physical concerns and ends to a plan for developing urban spaces is necessary.

Climate is one of impotent factor affected in human motility. Seasonal and daily variations of mortality have direct relation with climatic factors that studied for long terms. The object of this paper is analysis of climatic effects on population mortality in Tehran for 2002-2005 periods. In his research, using Pearson's regression and correlation statistical methods, ANOVA and hag time, the relation between mortality, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory, stroke and climate conditions studied. The result of this study indicated that between climatic conditions and rate of mortality and studied disease have significant relations. Also the seasonal variations recognized between climate condition and mortality. The effects of temperature are direct form, while the effect of precipitation is as inverted form. Then can be said that temperature in winter season in comparing of other season is more and mortality caused heart disease have more sensitivities more than other studied disease.