Political International Researches
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:36 |Papers Count:8

The human right to life is one of the most fundamental and inalienable rights of the human beings. The unconditionally and categorical status of this right is clearly mentioned in various human rights instruments. Despites this fact, there are cases of infringement of this right by the security forces of states under the pretext of the necessity of suppressing international acts of terrorism. Those who are involved in these practices refer to the preemptory nature of the anti-terrorism rules in international law and argue that in order to maintain the international peace and security, some human rights can be derogated or suspended. Although the general idea of suspending some human rights for the sake of peace and security and suppressing acts of terrorism seems compatible with the precedent of international and national human rights courts and tribunals, neglecting the human right to life does not could not be justified by such excuses. The human rights courts and tribunals have repeatedly insisted that the right to life presides all other values in the human society, including the fight against terror.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was more known as an oil state than as a military actor. Saudi Arabia was also known for the pursuit of foreign policy that characterized by restraint and operating mostly in tandem with the United States. Saudi Arabia had accepted defensive military posture traditionally. But The Saudi Arabia have assumed offensive military roles in recent years. Saudi Army fight a war on two opposite fronts simultaneously. The kingdom intervened to Bahrain in March 2011 and attacked to Yemen in March 2015. This study posits Why has Saudi Arabia changed its defensive military doctrine? and adapted offensive military doctrine. This study argue that security environment of Saudi Arabia has changed after US incursion to Iraq in 2003 and arab spring has exacerbated this situation. In order to Saudi Arabia has changed its defensive military doctrine and adapted offensive military doctrine. Hence Saudi Arabia has adapted deterrence policy independently and reinforced its army. In other hand the Kingdom is to consolidate its place as the regional Arab leader and help its neighbors fight for stability.

Today, regionalism is one of the requirements of foreign policy and shape according to the surrounding areas andSpecific potential of each country, the government towards regional strategies to specific guidelines. Countries are trying to use the regional role and capacities available, to increase their international power increase. Iran and Turkey as two important countries in the Middle East region in terms of certain conditions that are always looking to increase its regional role. Accordingly, the question of this study is that developments in Syria and Iraq, Iran and Turkey have what effect on regionalism? Based on these findings, opportunities, political, economic, ideological, economic and security challenges and strengthen regional policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey following the developments in the region. It is worth noting that the thesis of the Copenhagen School regional security challenges and opportunities in the form of three interdependent components: security inte Definitions of interdependent. This research using descriptive analysis and data collection as well as a library of document.

During the Cold War, the United States supremacy in cultural productions, especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used in media warfare against Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the focus of America's media war on Communism changed to Islam and the Middle East. So the trend intensified after 9/11, and a wave of cultural products was produced in with Islamphobia content. But by the expansion of Russia's power and the formation of new balance of power in some parts of the world wich is considered as the New Cold War, it seems that the US media war against the Russia is re-emerging. This article attempts to answer the question of whether the US-Russia foreign relations changing had an impact on US media policy against Russia? The results of the research indicate that, in response to expansion of Russia's power, the American media policy especially Hollywood films are fluctuating toward the spread of russophobia after a period of focus on Islamophobia and representation against the Middle East and Muslims.

This study examines developments in Iraqi Kurdistan for two reasons. First because of the presence and activity of regional and ultra-regional governments in Iraqi Kurdistan after Saddam Hussein, and Second the strengthening of Kurdish nationalism in Kurdish regions of Iran. The outcome of this event is the expansion of ethnic desires of Iranian Kurds from the central government, and the probability of divergence from the central government by the guidance of foreigners. Hence this research has utilized future studies method to respond to the following question: How will the recent developments in Iraqi Kurdistan affect the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? Based on the hypothesis of the research, developments in Iraqi Kurdistan and in particular the presence of regional powers in that region and common borders with Iran as well as the presence of Kurdish opposition forces could provide the way for actions against national security in Iran. Ultimately four scenarios have presented for future reviews of this issue in the Middle East.

Today, many observers, due to expansion of terrorism, especially organized terrorism, try to study origins and methods of expansion of it for containing this problem. Middle East now is a fireplace for growth of terrorism in the world. This research, studies effects of Money Laundering on expansion of organized terrorism in Middle East. The main question of article is “ how Money Laundering has helped expansion of organized terrorism (Al-Qaeda and Daesh) in Middle East in 2001-2016. The answer of the article as its hypothesis is that “ Money Laundering has helped growth of organized terrorism in Middle East in 2001-2016, through making a secure network for main part of financing and trade of terrorist groups with other people. The article shows varieties and broadness of money laundering technics which is used by organized terrorists in trade and money transfer. This fact stress on mounting challenges that we face now in containing sources of financing organized terrorism in Middle East. The article uses analytical-descriptive method in analyzing data.

The Russian think tanks has an undeniable role in defining its foreign policy. Evidences show that their role is increasing in the process of decision-making and decision-making of the Russia’ s foreign policy. The main question of this study is: "What do Russians think about Iranians? On which topics of domestic and foreign policy of Iran do they focus on? “ The hypothesis of this paper is: “ What shapes to thinking of these thought Center on the model of engagement with Iran, are purely national goals and interests based on a pragmatic approach, regardless of mental and ideological goals. The most important topics of these centers of thought are: review of Iran's political developments, identifying opportunities in Iran's economy and providing solutions for utilizing the capabilities of Iran in regional and global levels in the framework of the priorities of Russia. ” The research methodology is descriptive-analytic. The research results confirm the fact that the role of think tanks is increasing in the process of decision-making by the Russian government in the field of foreign policy and its official outlook on Iran's domestic and foreign policy.