JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

The increase of industrial activities has intensified environment pollution .Today one of the most important subjects is water pollution with heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc which can be removed from water by using different methods and sorbent .In this study sodium alginate, which is extracted from Brown algae, mixed with calcium chloride 0.5M containing Powder Activated Carbon (PAC) or Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNTs) to build insoluble spherical calcium alginate. The spherical adsorber with MWCN was used for separation of cadmium ions. The effect of pH showed that the best condition is in pH=6.The kinetic of adsorption in different times were studied and registered. Next study was down for the maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium with spherical adsorber containing PAC and MWCNT. The results shown that the adsorption of PAC and MWCNT was 1.12 and 1.28 m mole/g respectively. The effect of amount of PAC and MWCNT were investigated. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for determination of concentration of adsorbed of cadmium ions.The results shown that the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) is higher in compare with reported data.

One of the most important atmosphere problems under studies in last few years is the problem of atmospheric energies and measurement of their components. To investigate this problem, scientists have divided it in two parts, kinetic energy and potential energy. The intensity of a cyclone or an anticyclones system is related to the kinetic energy produced by the systems. This amount of kinetic energy is a small portion of the total potential energy that is available to change into kinetic energy and named available potential energy. The work done in this research is the calculation of available potential energy for two different systems over Iran, in based on A.S.Zverev's (1972) method. Fnl data was provided for two baroclinic systems, for every 6 hours. The first system (The powerful one) is from 17 February 2008 to end of 21 February 2008 and the second (The weak one) is from 29 March 2009 to 2 April 2009. Another work done in this research to indicate the type of system is the calculation of tilt of axis.We can see that, the amount of available potential energy was at its maximum at the beginning of cyclone's formation (It was 14549 kJ/m2 for the first system and 6376 kJ/m2 for the second system) and also the tilt of axis at the first time of formation was maximum (89.8º for the first system and 89.85o for the second system) and at the time of decline reach to their smallest value.

This study was carried out in Babolrood river (Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus (mahi sephid rood khanei). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 Leuciscus cephalus were caught. Maximum fish abundance in stage 3 with 21.02 percent and the lowest number in sex maturation stage 6 with a frequency of 8.55 percent were. Maximum number of fish in terms of male gender in sex maturation stage 3 with the frequency of 20.55 percent and the lowest number was in step 6 with a frequency of 7.22 percent.The highest percent of female, in sex maturation stage 3 with 21.34 percent and the lowest number in step 7with a frequency of 8.70 percent were found.The mean diameter of oocytes in female fish from November to May was in ascending trend and mean was in May (69.83±12.90 m). The absolute fecundity minimum was 3005, maximum was 13194 and mean egg number was estimated to be 8038.The average percentage of gonado somatic maturation index (GSI) for males was 1.47±0.94, for female was 2.95±1.83 respectively. The total mean of condition factor (CF) was evaluated to be 1.12±0.14 for males and 1.17±0.15 for females. According to this review spawning time is from mid-May to late June and their spawning type once a time.

Ninety meat samples of fishes caught from Beheshtabad River including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Fish sampling was done by cast net during summer, autumn and winter 2007 and spring 2008. The results showed that the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium was 181.6 and 91.03 in Cyprinus carpio, 191.07 and 88.13 in Carassius auratus gibelio, 145.7 and 70.85 in Alburnus alburnus and 117.92 and 60.68 mg/kg in Capoeta aculeata. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in total samples were 159.02 and 78.09 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in samples examined exceeded acceptable threshold established in the European Commission (EC). Lead and cadmium concentration in 10% and 57.5% of samples exceeded the tolerance limits established in EC respectively. The results showed that there is significant difference between cadmium levels in meat of fish species (P<0.05). The high concentration of cadmium and lead in fish meat is probably due to missusing of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture affairs and entry of agricultural sewage into the river.

The effect of LHRH-A2 alone and combined with dopamine antagonist (pimozide) on induction of final maturation were investigated in Three-spot gourami. Therefore, 80 female fish were evaluated in 8 treatments. The fishes in different groups were treated with LHRH-A2 (2, 8 mg per fish), pimozide (50mg per fish) and the combination of LHRH-A2 (2, 8 mg per fish) and pimozide (50mg per fish), there were 3 groups as control.Controls received the mixture of DMSO/PG (1:9) and FIA/Saline (1:1). One group also was inject.7 days after injection the mean of gonadosomatic index percentage and histological structures of ovary were compared with control groups.Statistical analyses showed that the results of second (GSI%: 4.477) and fifth (GSI%: 5.027) Treatments in comparison with control group (GSI%: 2.92) were significant (P<0.05). This result was approved by histological study. Histological results showed that fifth treatment was more effective on induction of final maturation in Three-spot gourami.

There are several factors affecting Angel Fish fry's (Pterophyllum scalare) survival and quality. In this study, the effect of temperature on weight, length and survival of Angel Fish fry has been studied.Three temperatures of 27, 29 and 31 centigrade degree were considered each with three repetitions. Thus 9 aquariums with 60 × 40 × 30 centimeter dimension were allocated for these treatments and dry Blood worm in addition to Artemia decapsulated cyst was used to feed aquariums in 30 days. Other factors such as food, pH and oxygen were similar for all treatments. The result of this search has showed that growth and survival of Angel fish fry in 31oC had the best result and more growth and survival in comparison to the other observed temperature. Using the mean test between length and survival percentage, it became known that there is significant difference between the temperature treatments (P<0.05) and for weight there is significant difference at 27 degree of centigrade in comparison to the treatment of 29 and 31 degree of centigrade, but there is no significant difference at 29 degree of centigrade in comparison to the treatment of 31 degree of centigrade (P>0.05).

Artemia (Artemia urmiana) was added to diets of Angelfish and various factors: fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate and larvae survival rate and interval between continuous spawning and total time for 8 spawning for Angelfish. Five diets were tested (n=3): a 40% crude protein diet (control); control diet+live Artemia, live Artemia; live artemia+unsaturated fatty acid live Artemia+unsaturated fatty acid+1gr vitamin C. Broodstock Angelfish (18 pair) were kept in a 50 L aquarium (28±1oC, pH 7.5-8.3, hardness <170ppm). Fish were fed 4 times per day between 7:00 and 23:00.The average rate of fecundity was 378 eggs, 98.9% fertilization, 97.5% hatching for fish fed the live artemia+fatty acid. The artemia + fatty acid+0.5 g vitamin C resulted in the highest larvae survival (93.3%) which was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The shortest period for 8 spawning cycles (43 days, 6 day interval) was for the Artemia+fatty acid+1g vitamin C. Feeding live food reduced the time for 8 spawning cycles and increasing fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate and larvae survival rate. Adding Artemia decreases this time between spawns and would be a useful ingredient for continuous spawning operations and is likely to be economicall for broodstock operations because of increased efficiency even though the feed cost would be higher.

Bolhasan forest region with 5725 hectare area lies in north east of Dezful city. The region belongs to natural forests and tourist areas in Dezful. This area of creates appropriate potential to develop tourism. Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the world. The rapid development of tourism, the fastest growth in the ecotourism sector has been developed between 5.2 to 7 percent faster than other sectors.Tourism as a dynamic industrial development with characteristics expansionist plays important role in the world economy. Growth of this industry in each country requires effective strategy and program management. Evaluation of ecological tourism potentials areas in order to register as a tool is known for achieving this goal. In this regard, and given the ecological specificity of Bolhasan area, evaluation of the conditions in the region was fulfilled by weighing the criteria with Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) in the Expert Choice soft ware. In this research, evaluation of the criteria, by AHP, Geographic data systems was followed by display of ecological power status by means of such method and transfer of the inputs on the map. Results of the research indicate that about 18.74% equivalent to 4419 hectares of area have been very desired for tourism, extensive, 21.18% equivalent to 1232 hectares of area with desired and 7.7% equivalent to 84 ha, with possible undesirable and 87.32% equivalent to 1881 hectares of area have be very desired for tourism focus, 6.15% equivalent to 882 ha area with desired and 61.51% equivalent to 2970 hectares with power is undesirable.