POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY
Year:2010 | Volume:- | Issue:11|Papers Count:11

Globalization, in present situation, whether as general and inevitable process or as a kind of project, is rapidly shaping by mass media, especially internet, so that it is eliminating cultures of other nations. It seems that, one of the consequences of global culture extension is to control the world process of production and consumption. All sorts of mass media and communications, as the main means of culture making work in frame of visual culture to make change or distortion, so that, they, gradually, by producing and distributing data, can change the culture of other nations. Visual culture by using update technology to produce data and even to create entertainments gradually changing, and sometime weakening general culture through people’s view. Nowadays, people rather like to watch than read or listen and it is easiest way of cultural transfer in virtual world by light speed. The article studies the ways reproducing culture through visual culture making and its consequences on cultural changes. The article also analyses the importance of visual culture reproduction relating general culture goals. It considers their effects on our country's arts, traditions, customs and religious or philosophical manners too.

The process of development in Iran after Islamic Revolution, despite of its specifications, is regarded part of the development efforts in Iran's recent history. There is no doubt that developing plans in this period have mainly been inspired by internal necessities and changes. However, pressures due to international changes, such as globalization, should not be ignored. The period has gone through many ups and downs and the. article tries to illuminate these changes.

Nowadays, the world of strategy with its new communicative - informative means has changed basically compare with past and even a decade ago. The new concept of virtual geography has also made important changes in strategy's means and functions. As a result, virtual social networks have appeared as one of the symbols of information and communications decade. The formation of virtual societies and data exchanging are known as the main functions of so- called virtual geography. It works as an open, dynamic and organized thinking atmosphere relating to political, security, economic and cultural functions of governments. On the basis of such a constructed thinking atmosphere, one may use it as a medium force, especially to encounter proposed countries. During recent presidential election in Iran, social virtual networks, relating to U.S. encountring goals policy, tried in using virtual geography to outline and apply a new strategy titled as “strategy of thinking atmosphere.” The article explains functions and threats of U.S. virtual social networks encountering Islamic Republic within the framework of the strategy of thinking atmosphere.

Terrorism is a sad and painful phenomenon which has involved human being from the beginning of history. The term is applied to every activity or threat which terrorizes or harm citizens, governments, groups or political persons. In fact, terrorists commit such activities in order to change political or social system. Terrorism in not new for Europeans and their efforts to control it has had a long history. However, Sep., 11, 2001 incident brought about a new wave of European anti-terrorist policies to meet such a threat. Therefore, here the common defensive – security policy and institution for Judicial and internal affairs as institution for E.U. Security and in framework of anti-terrorist policy of E.U. are considered. So, the concerning question here is how E.U. anti- terrorist policy in its internal aspect, that is, institution of common security defensive policy and institution of Judicial and internal affairs, will confront with terrorism?

The article tries shortly to introduce and discuss the methodological theory of Skinner which is mainly used as a theory in the area of methodology relating to political thought's studies and works. The theory which follows a systematic approach to political thought studies does not enter into substantial political discussions, but exercises in the framework of philosophy of science and especially methodology. Skinner begins with criticizing the textual - contextual approaches and applies some objections to the texts which form on the basis of these approaches; then, by making a coherent synthesis between these two approaches he outlines his especial method and accordingly applies a new and efficient methodology for better understanding of political thought texts. This methodology is known and used among most of American and European scientists. Skinner methodology is used both as a critical mean and alternative to solve problems. It is also efficient in all stages of data collecting, processing and compile researcher results. from this view point, skinner's methodology entails some hints on avoiding research errors, and also recommendations on better understanding of texts about political thought history.

The authors of article try to explain why U.S. opposing Iran's full membership in W.T.O. Is there any clear reason for such a hostility or it goes back to the beginning of Islamic Revolution and difficulties which brought about between two countries. In other words, does Iran behave against U.S. national interests? In this regard, the article explores the international system during the formation of W.T.O. and U.S. foreign policy behaviours and its principles. Also, the article tries to realize how U.S. applies her hegemonic power to hamper Iran's full membership in W.T.O.

Qajar era is regarded as the beginning of many changes in Iran in this Period.Changes in political, social, cultural and economical dimensions encountering Western civilization took place. Political elites of the time were also in favour of economic changes.Amin Alzarb, as a pragmatic businessman, and theoreticians, like Talebof and Malkam, and critics such as Maragheie, and many others were among intellectuals of Qajar period who prepared ideas relating to economy. Here, we study some of these ideas and their thinkers.

The article, by introducing definitions, indexes and specifications of "political thought" conception deals with political thought in Islam within four approaches as followed: first, philosophic manner of politics which refers to the development of political thought within philosophy and is named “political philosophy.” Second, the manner or school of theological politics or the theologic view point to politics which deals with political conceptions by inspiration from theology and is called a “political theology.” Third, “political Jurisprudence” approach or looking at politics from Jurisprudence view point which indicates the Jurisprudence manner in Islamic Political thought. Forth, intuitive understanding of political thought or intuitive view to politics which may be mentioned as “political intuition.”