POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:18|Papers Count:10

There is no doubt about the fact that power is the most fundamental concept in the international relations discipline. Regarding to the existing classified international relations theories within the two rationalists and fundamentalist perspectives, a new typology is also conceivable which covers all existing theories. This typology includes four types such as: materialist, idealist, structuralist and activist. Finally, it could also be recognized in the text of the polities among nations, the everlasting work of Morgenthau.

The Advice letters are the most important and oldest sources of the political thought in Iran, and as a part of our Iranian-Islamic identity, have reached to us after many passed centuries.The main goal of the Advice letters, during the Iran’s history of social and political changes, has been presenting how to behave farely in order to gain power and to maintain it. Tansar letter, among others, is regarded as one of the most everlasting sources about knowing ancient Iran's Sassanid political thought. The article attempts to represent the most important subjects of this classical text, by emphasizing on its recommendation how to gain political power and maintain it as the principal theme of the letter.

The Persian Gulf region has a very important position in the international equations, especially from energy sources point of view. The importance of Persian Gulf region countries petroleum and gas reserves has linked the security of the region to the international security and caused the presence of the world great powers and competition between them. The European Union, relating to the fact, as the second world energy consumer, has attempted to set up new relations with countries of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council in different areas and to secure region’s stability. The council has also welcomed the opportunity in order to improve her political-economic role in both regional and international levels. Cooperation over energy security has been the most important subject in mutual relations and in spite of some challenges between them, has brought about many achievements. Also, the development of relations between the EU and the Council has led to a mutual common support of the policies and actions against challenges facing the relation with Iran, especially, in the field of increasing production and export of oil due to the sanctions. The article follows to examine the relations between the EU and the Council from energy point of view and its consequences on Iran.

The establishment of the International Criminal court with the competence of investigation on some international crimes has been the most important states attempts in the history of mankind in the field of the International criminal law. The importance of the court is so great that some believe its formation should be regarded as the greatest human achievement in the field of international law since the establishment of the United Nations organization.Its importance is mostly due to the competence of investigation on international crimes such as: war crimes, crime against human being, genocide and territorial aggression. Therefore, by formation of the court, one of the most important challenges in international law field was settled; that means, to leave unpunished those who committed such crimes. However, to objectify such achievements needs more states to recognize the competence of the court, while it may contradict the constitutional law of the member states. The article, regarding to the importance of the subject, attempts to examine such a contradiction by emphasis on Islamic Republic of Iran’s constitutional law.

The article, while review French thinker, Jean Franois Lyotalr’s views, studies the influencial role of disharmonious factors such as, sublime cause, incompatibility and historic sign in art, polity and language fields, in order to unveil part of existing discontinuous and contingent relation among intending to create disorder in those processes relating, generally, to the institutionalization of culture sphere, and also within discourse frameworks, gender and language regimes and games in particular. This has produced those perspectives of the modernity’s great contradiction that indicates incomparability of knowledge and ethics.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the cold war, NATO, as a legacy of the cold war political and ideological equations in order to maintain its existence and survival managed several mechanisms to expand geographically and functionally. The expansion of NATO presence in central Asia and south Caucasus should be understood in this relation. Regarding to the constructionist view and cooperative security system framework, NATO, due to maintain its existence after the cold war and to improve stability in its neighboring security environments has expanded the extent of its activity into the geographic-strategic axis of South Caucasus and Central Asia.

It is important that the concept of Westernism was used for the first time in political literature and intellectual society during1340 decade. Where as Fardid and Al Ahmad have been named as the interpreter of Westernism concept, but, inspite of this view, there is a great difference between their understanding of the concept. The article seeks to answer to the question what was the difference between Fardid and Al Ahmad in presenting and manipulating the Westernism concept and what the concept meant to each of them. The hypothesis also persues the fact that Fardid’s meaning of the concept viewed more the ontological aspect while Al Ahmad, unconsciously, emphasized on the identical aspect. In other words, while to Fardid, West and East were ontologic concepts which refered to two kind of understanding of the existence in itself, to Al Ahmad, the contradiction between them was not ontologic, but related to the historic identity.

The Tobacco uprising in1309 Hijri is the first mass and popular movement in Iran which should be regarded to the most historians as the original root of Iran’s constitutional movement and the end of the so-called “Ignorance” period. This important movement, as a guideline and indicator in the Iranian history of political thinking, could be examined and studied. However it has been intentionally delt unkindly and distorted by some of the historians and orientalists. The article deals with the literature study of the boycotting in Iran’s history of social developments and discusses on the influential role of Mirza Shirazi and his views on Islamic awakening movement.

Peasants supported the feudal system throughout history especially before the eighteenth century in Europe. But developments that occurred between the eighteenth century and the twentieth century changed the political role of this class, so that they didn’t support the feudal system. They demanded that the land ownership instead of lords and equal rights with others. Therefore, they joined other dissident groups and launched a revolution. This article studies peasant forces in the social and political revolutions of the world, the reasons of peasant participation and increasing their ability in the revolutions.