JOURNAL OF WETLAND ECOBIOLOGY
Year:2013 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:10

Avicennia marina is one of the most important mangrove species that developing in the southern muddy coastline of Iran. These forestsare one of the highly productive costal ecosystems in the world. However, in recent years they have been threatened by human activities and natural events. Exito-conservation with aim of recognizing suitable zones for developing A. marina forest is the one way to management them. An environmental general assessment needsto find the model of suitable area for developing A.marina forest. Surveys showed that one of the important environmental parameter on establishing A.marina forest is climatology parameters. The aim of this paper is identification climatology condition of coastline of Hormozgan province as biggest area of natural A. marina forest and comparing with other A. marina forest in the world. Cluster analysis isalso used to classification coastal stations and conclusion showed that Minab station is milestone of climatological changes.

The present study done to estimatimating the consumption of cultured fishes by Great Cormorants in Shooshtar fish culture pools in the north part of khouzestan during the September to March, 2010-2011. 77 Great Cormorants were captured, the stomach of 42 samples of cormorants were full and contained fish. The study revealed that the Great Cormorants consumed about 11 kg/ha of the existing cultured fishes in pools during winter. The greatest amount of consumption was observed 4.92 kg/ha in February. The difference in the average weight of the food consumed by the Great Cormorant in various months of winter was not significant (p-value>0.05). Moreover, the overall study of stomach content of Great Cormorant showed that consumed food included %99.75 of fish and 0.25 unknown materials. The cultured fishes consumed by the Great Cormorants weight range was between2-560 gr and the length range was between4 and 35 cm. The calculation of the weight percentage of fishes consumed by the Great Cormorant recorded in the following results: The Common Carp 70.78 (%), the Silver Carp 9.8 (%), the Grass Carp 8.91 (%), Big-Head Carp 5.85 (%) and Liza subviridis 4.41 (%),there is a significant difference between the weight percentages of the Common Carp and other consumed species (p-value<0.05).

This study has been investigated to identify the changes in average temperature over the past half-century in Gavkhoni catchment. IN this regard, the data of average temperature from 8synoptic and climatology stations in the basin was used during the period 1961-2010, and the monthly and annual scale. First was performed normal and homogeneity tests data by Anderson - Darling. Then for analysis of abnormal dataMann- Kendall test was selected. The changes are minor and short- term graphics test Mann-Kendal was used. At the end, Arc Gis software processes obtained by zoning and analyzed. The results of this study make it clear that an increasing trend during the warmer months of the year more and is in more areas of the basin. This trends has been observed in all areas of East, Central part, south and West Basin to some extent. Decreasing trends have occurred only in Meimeh and shahreza Stations. This trend observed so slower during the cold months and till December, the entire area encompasses. Random variations in the results of the randomized incremental changes in station and amplitude of Frieden and Esfahan accidental cuts and changes in Meimeh stations than other stations occurred.

Present study is done to identify Waterfowl and Wader species, determining variety and their nesting sites in the Hashilan wetland during 18 visits with time interval of 5 days at once from May till June2011.Since knowledge of birds' nesting sites in wildlife sciences is very important and birds' species for breeding are dependent on the particular conditions, the importance of recognition of nesting habitat will be doubled. Waterbirds are also of the most important creatures that have other aesthetic, recreational, economic, social values. Hashilan wetland is one of the most important and complex wetland in the western part of Iran. Many species of birds in this zone have overwintering and breeding or native to theregion. In this regard, 21 nests belonging to 5 species of breeding birds including Ciconia ciconia, Anas platyrhynchos, porzana parva, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Gallinula chloropuswere identified. The highest frequency among these birds belongs to Rallidaefamily with 53.40 percent and the highest number of species belonging to the same family with 2 species. Maximum diversity index calculated by Shannon-Wiener (H’=1.014), Margalef species richness (R=0.446), Simpson dominance (l=0.176) and the biological level (Es=0.922) belongs to the wader breeding birds with 3 species. According to thestudy it seems that the eastern region of Hashilan wetland has the suitable conditions for nesting of waterbirds.

The wetlands are most important and vulnerable environmental resources of the world. These ecosystems usually faced with the threat of demolition and destruction. Although wetlands become dry during their evolution, but human activities accelerate this trend and cause premature death. This study with the aim of identification and analysis of the risks that threaten Anzali wetland was done in 2012. Anzali wetland is locatedin the south of Caspian see in Gilan province. After identifying the risks, analyzing and ranking of them was done by using SAW. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for determining occurrence probability and Environment Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (EFMEA) were used for determining other criteria. Results showed that the risk of wetland water pollution caused by industrial wastes and eutrophication in priorities were the first to second. After determining the risk priority number by SAW, risk levels were determines that shown the priorities of management to control the risks. Due to the importance of preserving the life of Anzali wetland region, especially in the Caspian environment, better understanding of the water quality of the pond seem to be necessary.

This research was done in 6 stations in Shadeganwetl and. Sampling was conducted in spring and summer, with four replications using Peterson grab. During the two seasons sampling, totally 16 species of 5 classes of macrobenthos were counted and identified. Among the identified groupsthe Gastropoda and Bivalvia were most common between two seasons. To understand the ecological situation of the region in terms of pollution, (Hilsenh off family biotic index (HFBI) usedwith emphasis on organic matters. HFBI indicated the water quality of study area in spring and summer in two classes of poor quality and relatively weak. According to the results of HFBI; stations 5 and 6In the spring,, and stations 1, 2 and 5 in summer showed poor quality, and other stations in the spring and summer classified in weak quality. Results of statistical analysis of HFBI showed that in spring, station 4 is significantly different from the other stations (P<0.05).The results showed the important role of sewage discharge into the wetland in increasing organic pollution of wetland and the necessity of environmental considerations and management of organic contaminants in wetland.

Waterbirds are considered as most outstanding of the animal group for identifying of ecological variations in mangroves. A time gorge of six years (2007-2012) was studied for determination of variations rate in biodiversity index of waterbirds and their relative frequency in Harra Protected Area (HPA) using mid-winter census. The mean value abundance of the waterbirds during the period of study was found to be 12836±4464/340 individuals. The Egretta gularis, Charadrius mongolus, Caldris alpine, Larus cachinnans and Sternaniticola were the dominant species were from family Ardeidae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, laridae and Steridae at HPA, respectively. A similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis indicated that total average similarity of waterbird species in HPA was 62.90%. Furthermore, The HPA was dominated by Dromasardeola, Calidris alpina and Numenius arquata (SIMPER, percentage of contribution to similarity of 18.58%, 13.92%, and 10.69% respectively). Four species of Crab plover, Dunlin, Eurasian Curlew and Terek Sandpiper represented more than 50% of observations at HPA. The results of diversity patterns of waterbirds indicated that the diversity was higher in 2012 as compared to other years, where Shannon-Wiener’s H, Simpson’d index and McIntosh’d index were 2.99, 14.31 and 0.74 respectively. The values for Species Abundance, McIntosh E and Pielou J were calculated to be 41, 0.85 and 0.73 for 2012 respectively. The results were confirmed using Rényi diversity profile. Furthermore, the SHE analysis showed that effective component over number index diversity was Evenness indices and species richness component.

In this study the possibility of polyculture of juvenile Fresh water prawn and herbs, aloe vera and fennel, using aquaponic method was studied. The research carried out with two treatments and three replications in July 1390.200 pieces of fresh water prawn (Macrobrachiumrosenbergii) with a mean weight 0.13 gr were randomly deployed in six aquariums.Resultsshowed there were significant differences in growth parameters such as final body weight, weight gain increment, specific growth rate, survival rate and some physicochemical parameters like NH3, NO2 and PH respectively (P<0.05) There were no significant differences among biochemical composition and other physicochemical parameters such as water temperature and dissolve oxygen of control sample and treatments The results of this study showed the growth of prawn in polyculture method significantly was higher than control and indicated the supporting role of Aquaponic method with herbs, Alovera and Fennel to increase growth of these aquatic animals in polyculture system.