JOURNAL OF WETLAND ECOBIOLOGY
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:8|Papers Count:9

Maroon dam is located in 19 km north east Behbahan and about 230 km from Ahvaz, on the Maroon river. The dam location in the Zagros highlands caused to the dam site has a very beautiful natural location. This study has been done with purpose identify ecological capability area of Maroon dam lake for ecotourism use and to system analysis method based on Makhdoom ecotourism model, in the year 2010.For this research, first region sources (ecological and social-economic) were identified, then with combining and overlaying layers of information in GIS software, map of region environmental units was created. Finally, with comparing the ecological characteristics environmental units and the ecological model of extensive and intensive outing use of Iran, talented regions were determined for various ecotourism.Base on geographic information system outputs, mountaineering with an area of 9093/8 hectares, has allocated the most surface of region to itself. In this study also to offer effective strategies to develop the ecotourism in the study region, 200 questionnaires were distributed randomly and monthly from December 2009 to November 2010 among tourists in Maroon recreational site, that the most important results can be mentioned are lack of facilities in the region and not meet the recreational needs of visitors.

In this study the effect of changes in chemical parameters of water hardness and alkalinity on the toxicity of Zinc as a heavy metal and its effects on blood biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, alkaline phosphates and blood serum ions) in common carp, Cyprinus carpio were investigated.150 fish prepared from a fish shop in Rasht and a fish tank with a volume of 200 liters was provided and equipped for carrying oxygen to the capsule which was transferred to the Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. During these experiments, fish exposed for 10 days in chronic heavy metal concentrations at the dosage of 0.1 LC50 96 h. Examination of these factors based on the measurement of hardness and alkalinity in the four treatments (H150, H300 and A250, A350) and a control group in the first day, the fifth and tenth after exposure to Zinc treatment were proceeded. Significant increase in plasma protein and glucose toxicity on exposed fish compared with controls fish which was evident.The histhopathological effects of Zinc on kidney, spleen and gill tissues were examined by light microscopy. bleeding and tissue necrosis were seen in obtained fish tissue samples after exposure on Zinc in the gill tissue.Degeneration of cells and tissue in the spleen and the pycnos were observed, also bleeding and accumulation of melanomacrophages was observed. Significant changes in blood enzymes and biochemical factors, reflecting the adverse impact of Zinc on the immune system and the physiology of fish. Indeed the significant changes in alkalinity treated H250, A350 compared with other treatments that can be treated as an index used to reduce the toxicity.

Estimation and forecasting of the river flow qualitative and quantitative parameters for the administrative decision is considered as one of the objectives of water resource managers and planners. A qualitative and quantitative estimate of river flow by using mathematical models usually is associated with the relatively significant error because of the complexity of mechanisms and Multiplicity of factors affecting the quality.The new technique using Artificial Neural Networks based Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely used in various scientific fields, particularly water engineering. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative parameters of Karun river flow, Molasani-Farsiat reach, including flow discharge, stage, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) are forecasted up 3days later by using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Feed Forward (FF) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) of Artificial Neural Networks. Data period was from 01/01/1369 to 12/07/1378 and 10434 numbers of patterns were achieved after the time delay. The 70%, 20% and 10% of patterns used for training, cross-validation and test of models respectively. The Genetic Algorithm method was used for determining efficient input variables and optimum numbers of neurons in hidden layers of models. Results shows that the precision of FF, MLP and RBF models for estimation and forecasting of qualitative and quantitative parameters of Karun river flow are 90.6%, 80.5% and 86% respectively. The sensitivity analysis of output variables to input variables shows that the times of river flow according to month and longitudinal distance from each station to upstream station have significant impact on qualitative and quantitative parameters of river flow respectively.

To study Parasitic infections in pikes (Esox lucius linnaeus, 1785), 120 pikes were caught from 4 different stations of Anzali wetland (East, west, Central, Siakishim) by hoop net. Fish were transferred lively to aquaculture research center of inner waters in the water tankers equipped with oxygen capsule. The infection status, severity of infection, abundance and index of parasitic prevalence in pikes were investigated in this project. Fish were studied after bioassay according to common methods of autopsy during of 1 year from the fall of 1388 to the summer of 1389. In this study 10 following species parasites were recognized: 2 species of Crustaceaen (Argulus foliaceus and Lernaea cyprinicea), 2 species of Nematoda (Eustrongylides exises and Raphidascaris acus), 2 species of Monogenea termatoda ( Tetraonchus monenteron and Dactylogyrus sp), 1 species of Digenea termatoda (Diplostomum spathaceum), 1 species of Unicellular Tricodina sp, 1 species of Acanthocephala (Corynosoma strumosum) and 1 species of Plathyhelminthes (Rhipdocotyle illense) were separated from the Anzali wetland pikes. According to results, highest incidence (26.66%) was belonged to Eustrongylides exises and Lowest incidence (3.33%) was belonged to Tricodina sp, maximum average virulence (88.5 pieces) was belonged to Rhipdocotyle illense and minimum average virulence (1.75 pieces) was belonged to Lernaea cyprinicea, maximum average frequency (11.8 pieces) was belonged to Rhipdocotyle illense and minimum average frequency (0.09 pieces) was belonged to Argulus foliaceus, maximum parasites number amplitude (3-300 pieces) was belonged to Rhipdocotyle illense and minimum parasite number amplitude (1-3 pieces) was belonged to Argulus foliaceus and Lernaea cyprinicea. Results showed that parasitic infection in pikes were influenced by season and age of fish in the Anzali wetland but were not affected by genus of fish. It was for the first time that following parasite, Corynosoma Strumosum was reported in pike of anzali wetland in Iran.

Heavy metals are a contaminant in aquatic ecosystems for water problems, and ultimately create a human being. The survey in 1390 to examine concentrations of lead and cadmium in liver and muscle tissue of 50 fish (Barbus pectoralis) caught from areas Sdgtvnd, Bndqyr, Zergan, Paul V and Darkhovin, was located on the Karun River. To extract metals from the tissues of the method for determining concentrations of digestible dry and atomic absorption PERKIN ELMER 4100 was used. (Barbus pectoralis) native fish species as indicators, to demonstrate the metals lead and cadmium were used in the Karun River.20 treatments each with three replicates was used. Average standard length (32/22 ± 2/39) cm and weight average (602/6 ± 152/4) gr was. Raw data were analyzed by software SPSS17. Average lead metal in liver and muscle, (Barbus pectoralis) respectively (500/4 ± 1/94) and (430/4 ± 2/1) m g/kg dry weight, and average metal cadmium in the liver and muscle, fish (Barbus pectoralis) respectively (252/2 ± 1/67) and (221/2 ±1/65) mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Metals lead and cadmium accumulation in edible tissue (muscle) to the limit of the (WHO) were lower and higher.

In this study, 149 samples of this species were investigated during the period from November 2009 to October 2010 in Musa estuary. After studding morphological and histological characteristics of gonad specimen; they were prepared through histological method. Samples were prepared through usual histological method and studied under light microscope.According to the results, the maturity stages of male Liza macrolepis were separated to six different successive stages. These stages were as follow: stage I, the testes were small in size and contained the spermatogonia which were only cellular components. In stage II (maturing virgin), the spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were visible. In stage III (developing, intensive spermatogenesis was occurred and the primary and the secondary spermatocytes were the most visible cells during this stage. In stage IV (developed), cells of all stages of spermatogenesis were observed.In stage V, the testes were filled with sperms. In stage VI, residual spermatozoa and the spermatogonia were visible in the testes.

A sub-project of a national plan entitled "Re-compiling Flora of Iran in Persian" coordinated and conducted by Iranian Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (IRFR) was carried out. Plant material was collected in wetlands; 6% Formaldehyde-treated, rinsed with distilled water and fixed within herbarium sheets. The specimens have been kept in National Herbarium (IRFR) and Khuzestan Herbarium (Khuzestan Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences Research; KRCAN). The results revealed an amazingly diverse species and numerous salty and fresh wetlands across Khuzestan according to Ramsar convenience.103 plant families habituate in Khuzestan 80 of which grow in terrestrial habitats, 13 families grow only in wetlands, and 10 of them grow in both habitats. Twenty five submerged and floating species in Khuzestan. Six records were introduced for Iran for the first time three of which were characterized in Khuzestan.