GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF CHASHMANDAZ-E-ZAGROS
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:11|Papers Count:16

The Lorestan province is a beautiful land with nice weather and enclosed in high mountains. The climatic variations provided an appropriate condition for tourism growth and development. Lorestan has various and diverse climates, so that its North began with the cold climate and its South ends to warm climate. Climate is an important factor in tourism development sector. A proper climate can follow with positive responses of tourists and they can plan their trips according to the climatic conditions. The aim of this research is study and review of tourism climate and evaluation of conditions of the comfortable climate in Lorestan by using tourism climate index (TCI) and geographical information system (GIS). To achieve this goal is used data of 9 sinoptik stations and total statistical period of each station. The results of this study showed that, in the cold months of the year is inadequate due to the arrival of systems of pluvial and reducing temperature conditions for tourism, especially in the North of the province but starting warm seasons (mid spring to early autumn) climate conditions are suitable. Among the cities, Azna has the best state in terms of tourism climate and it Poldokhtar is in most low ranking.

Today tourism is studied by researchers from different scientific disciplines as a social phenomenon in order to social and economic has effects on the target societies. What reaches of studies and researchers observations of sociology, social psychology and anthropology on tourism is the main role of the economic and other fields. To do this research is used simple random sampling method that is descriptive and analytical. The spectrum used for creating questionnaire is likert-type or total scores that are fairly equal intervals are on a spectrum. Consequently questionnaire gauge intended as distance scale. In this research, questionnaires with 30 questions were used in the field of tourism. Validity of the questionnaire was measured by using of Kronbach's alpha as that the amount is (88/.) that is an acceptable amount. The results about the economic impacts of the presence of tourists in the new year in the Ahwaz city from the view of direct economic indicate activators including the activities of the hotel and the restaurant, the food industry, clothing industry, handicrafts and the transportation industry in Ahvaz show that it has the economic positive consequences, especially in the services sector. On the other hand from the viewpoint of merchants there is a significant relationship between tourism and hotels and restaurants and the owners of boutiques and bakeries and supermarket are in their life. Finally, the classification can be collected that in addition of positive economic impacts of tourism there are other positive impacts of cities specially, for merchants on the life of the people and Ahvaz.

The urban quality of life is one of the most important of fields urban of studies in different countries. This is due to increasing role of quality of life studies in controlling the urban planning policies and as an importance tool in urban management and planning. So in the context of urban human habitat, providing standards require that at a glance it can be called quality of life standards. The main goal of this research is also assessment the quality of urban life in marginalized areas of the city of Tabriz. Research methods is descriptive- analytical. For data collection, a library of methods and survey questionnaire and to measure quality of life in marginalized regions of Tabriz factor analysis and tests of statistical average t-Test was used. Research findings indicate that the highest level of satisfaction to the most marginalized in health facilities, educational facilities, and satisfaction with relations with neighboring mean values of 3.86, 3.84 and 3.75 and the lowest level of satisfaction in the distribution of income and wealth variables, a sense of belonging and economic situation of the city, respectively, with average values of 1.93, 2.04 and 2.14 are. The results also show that the marginalized residents of the city where they do not belong, also, do not trust the people of the city and the current economic situation, employment opportunities and income and wealth distribution are not very satisfactory, While High satisfaction of the facilities available in the city, such as health, education, public transportation, garbage collection and …

Tourism global growth has involved a global and economic wealth. One of resources that nowadays attracts programmers attention in the tourism field is villages, villages would in general is a valuable part of our heritage and special and unique native architecture of an area can support and reflect its identity. Thus by regard to rural district situation and necessity of its permanent development, village tourism can be a suitable option for villages development. At present research of the statistic population obtained information are from 19 rural district of Isfahan. A matrix with 11 column includes symbols and 19 rows of rural districts are under study, with by using basic components method and hierarchical cluster analysis, substructure potentials were classified. Examination of obtained results of basic components analysis revealed that six factors(distance of rural district to city center, the ratio of physician to village number and the ratio of villages that enjoy from drinkable water to villages number) has cleared about 89.86 percent of accumulation diffraction. By measurement and sum up these factors in GIS environment tatented areas and districts that enjoy from tourism substructure services were determined. Accordingly Alia jarghooyesh was determined as the best area that enjoy from tourism services and villages of Rameshe, Sistan and Zafare were placed in the last place. In distance analysis by means of Vard method and Oghlidos distance, Four area that were similar by regard to enjoying of tourism substructure service were determined.

Recognition the principles of passive defense and conformity with the principles of urbanization and architecture make the city at the time of occurrence of destructive environmental phenomena or probable air attacks will be less vulnerable. In the study, Middle East area of Mashhad in terms of properties of infrastructure, physical and demographic status and importance of considering the status of its defense against possible military attacks, is being studied on urban planning approach. Studied data Layers include; Land use, roads networks, infrastructure, Aggregation Texture and population density that were prepared in 1:5000 scale. Methodology of study based on multiple criteria model layer combining Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) that was performed by GIS. Land use, roads, population density and texture form the mains criteria of the study. According to obtained results, dense texture in parts of area cause to recognized the complex, so are vulnerabilities exposed more than each place. Placement of the vital and strategic facilities in residential parts of city such; power stations, silo and flour factory, and the railway station including the vulnerable areas, which can be the first targets of military attacks. Absence or lack of medical centers, public shelters and lake of distance and buffer between inconsistence and targets land use are the source of risk.

In this study is used a network analysis method, a multiple criteria decision-making method for environmental assessment of Kahrizak center landfill. In ANP is considered qualitative and quantitative criteria and mutual dependency between the criteria. Lack of attention to the conditions and criteria for the location of placement in landfill, can create environmental problems, social and economic. And in such a situation all of hazard caused by the improper disposal of garbage found the environment and people's health and provide the causes of the pollution of water surface groundwater, air and soil. In this study is used of a few criteria (socio-economic and environmental) for evaluation of the center- landfill and its effects on the countryside and cities of Kahrizak. The process of evaluation of Center- landfill has been done in a few steps that this article expresses these steps. The final result of environmental evaluation is consequences of center- landfill on center research area.

Air Polution is a destructive phenomena that exists in most large cities and expands rapidly, Specially in the developing countries. Tehran is no exception to the rule in which air pollution increases day after day. In this connection it is often said that transportation is the main cause of air pollution that itself causer about very heavy material and human losses. It is because of importance of the question that the present research is carried out in an analytic applicative method by using of LUR model combined with GIS and Emission Factors. The critera adopted for this study includes the density of Monoxide of Carbone, Considered the Factor of traffic as measured in 12 polution station (Aghdassiah, Geophysic, Golbarg, zones 4, 9, 11, 16, Masoudiah, Ostandari, Pounak, Roz, Shahrray) as wel as the number of cars and motorcycles, in teo positions, namely total number and the number in daily usage in the transportation of the capital. these are all designed to result in answer to two problems i.e.relations between traffic and the air pollution and the amount of polutive material created daily by the city traffic. The results obtained from the study proved that:1-The relations between traffic and air pollution is meaningfull, and2-The amount of Carbon Monoxide added to the air pollution of Tehran is about 1840 tons every day.

The use of environmental and climatic comfort indexes or bioclimatik in different geographical regions can help to the tourism planning to use tourist attractions in order to people's leisure time. In this article, with the use of weather Sinopetic stations of Khash during the years 1986-2008, human comfort conditions were analyzed based on the models and environmental climatic indexess and (TCI, trajong, sozbad and Evans). The results of TCI index showed that the value of description comfort climate for each month are Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Mehr, Azar, Dey, Bahman and Isfand (good), and Aban and Isfand (very good). With regard to trajong index, night climate comfort of Tir and Mordad are conditioning and daily climatic comfort are cooled during Isfand and Azar. The results of wind chill index showed that Tir(neither hot nor cold), Shahrivar (conditioning and pleasant). The results are comfort of Evans index showed that in daily condition (a) and (b) (Farvardin)-(a) (Ordibehesht)-(a) (Mehr)-b (Aban)-c (Azar). And in terms of the night has comfort, c (Ordibehesht)-b (Khordad)-b (Tir)-b (Mordad)-c (Sahrivar). The results of this research can be a guide for managers and tourism areas policy act, in order to tourism development area planning and be used by them.