JOURNAL OF THE STUDIES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING (JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE)
Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:4 (41) |Papers Count:17

Introduction The village community has always suffered from the disturbances in the functioning of the spatial system of the settlements and has faced problems such as lack of infrastructure, inappropriate environmental quality, low incomes, and inappropriate system of establishment and dispersion of population and activities, small villages, the impossibility of investing in these places. For example, in all regions of Iran, small and very small villages with the characteristics of: plurality, diversity, dispersion, exclusion and isolation, make a significant contribution to the total number of villages. Therefore, carrying out any study and planning in order to change the rural collections requires careful examination and the achievement of the correct cognitive structure of the structure, texture and pattern of their dispersal. In this way, the GIS has the ability and ability to know the space and the power of the natural environment. The city of the scene in this study is to study and analyze the spatial development patterns of its rural settlements, due to the physiographic features, geological structure, climatic conditions and, finally, the formation of vegetation, the conditions for the production of water resources, including surface water and underground waters, patterns The diversity of spatial distribution of settlements has the effect that each of these natural factors is different and depending on the relative position of the region, severity and weakness and in some cases has led to the backwardness, the population of escaping and the destruction of rural settlements, and has faced spatial integration and sustainable development of rural areas; In other words, increasing the use of land for the expansion of rural settlements, regardless of environmental resources and its role, will have adverse consequences and environmental degradation of the county scene and will ultimately lead to sustainable development. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of rural settlements based on the capabilities of the natural environment that is effective in the villages of Sahneh. Following the answer to this main question, "The situation of the spatial settlement of rural settlements in the villages of the Sahneh district based on the capabilities of the natural environment is effective. "? . . .

IntroductionConsidering the importance that comprehensive sustainable development as a paradigm earned, addressing rural development is worthy of special attention. Towns in the present day are faced with a wide development. Human settlements affected and the spacer, always under the influence of different internal and external processes, have been changing and evolving. The rural settlements, as part of geographic systems, which consists of components related to each other, under the influence of spatial position, how to interact or communicate (internally and externally in local, regional and national) at the time, has always been subject to change. Among the villages in the southern part of the country changed increasingly towards the villages rest of the country is the most important environmental factors and the development of these areas is the specific weather conditions. Declining economic conditions, displacement and migration of massive rural to urban areas, poverty and unemployment, food insecurity, being largely rural population, margin and so on show that, in practice, goals vital to the development of a sustainable increase income, employment, production and the establishment of a more balanced spread the benefits of growth in rural areas has failed. Increasing agricultural production with the use of indiscriminate of fertilizers and emphasis on economic growth makes the balance of natural ecosystems and agricultural and by reducing the stability of nature and farming systems, the precarious balance of ecological, economic and social development of rural communities led and their instability is triggered. Hence, now revealing its many instabilities and risks in the development, the concept of sustainability as an important issue discussed. Address key topics, evaluation of sustainable rural development will enable us to have sufficient knowledge of the land to plan and manage it. In fact, without such knowledge in order to plan and manage the current paradigm of development, will be faced with difficulty. So this is basically what the various instabilities that are effective in the rural environment has always been important, The present research is done in this regard. Considering the importance and the growing instability of the countryside, this study seeks to examine the ranking and prioritization of rural areas in terms of environmental instability Case Study village of Dashti city. In this study group decision-making, including the elite district of the city and people familiar with the situation were plain. . . .

IntroductionCreating industrial parks is one of the most common industrialization approaches in countries that have been created to facilitate and concentrate activities. In other words, it is a process of technological change in order to improve the quality of life, especially in rural areas, which has brought about the flourishing and development of the village and the whole country. In general, the construction of industrial parks provides sustainable employment, access to greater prosperity and quality of life for the villagers (Mirlotfi & Mollanorozi, 2015: 243). Therefore, the influence of industry in rural areas can be exerted by positive economic activity, as the experiences of different countries show Any structural change through industrialization not only creates a valuable economic role in rural areas but also leads to a thriving economy. Accordingly, these industrial parks can play a very important role in rural development by increasing rural productivity, job creation, and connecting with other economic sectors. . . .

IntroductionThe rock-cut architecture settlement is an essential yet little known type of vernacular architecture whose nature is different from what we understand by the term “ architecture” . Since common building materials are not used in this architecture and it enjoys a different process of creation, rock-cut architecture seems rather contradictory compared to other types of vernacular architecture. Building space through hollowing out solid rock is the most essential skill used in this architecture. Iran hosts valuable examples of rock-cut architecture with religious, funeral, service, and residential functions. Cold regions of the country host the majority of rock-cut houses and settlements since their architectural framework is compatible with harsh climatic conditions. Common building materials and techniques are not used in rock-cut architecture. Instead, space is built through hollowing out a natural solid context either in the form of a flat horizontal land under which the rock-cut buildings are excavated or the steep surface of foothills or gently sloping to upright hills which provide the best context for rock-cut architecture. The context should mainly be softer than granite so that it could be excavated. . .

Introduction Today, under the conditions of the twentieth century, rural development continues to face a number of challenges, as past strategies for rural development have not been successful. One of these strategies, which has recently been implemented with greater emphasis in most countries, is the development of tourism in rural areas. Rural areas are attracted to tourists taking into account the geographical location and type of attractions, their own tourists, tourists from the second homes, daily, nature-based tourism, adventure and agriculture. The tourism sector also plays a major role in diversifying the local economy. In particular, in areas where the migrant is sent and the workforce is evacuated, if it has the potential of tourism and with the creation of facilities for tourists, it can, in addition to creating employment and income, by attracting private and public sector funds, attracting facilities, developing infrastructure, And services and ultimately the improvement of the lives of the inhabitants of these areas and the Comprehensive Development. of these regions. The characteristics of rural areas provide vast resources and facilities for the development of various types of tourism activities. But the availability of these resources and substrates alone is not enough and it is necessary to supply these resources and substitutes with the demand of the market, and in order for these resources to be available to tourists and visitors, these resources should become a product of tourism, through which they Can be ingested. The development of tourism attractions and resources requires planning, investment and infrastructure preparation. High quality services and customer satisfaction guaranteeing are one of the most important determinants of tourism success. Quality service and satisfaction of tourists and loyalty to a destination are closely interrelated. Therefore, the satisfaction of tourists from tourist destinations is considered as an important factor in the development of destinations. Therefore, in this research, we evaluated the satisfaction of tourists from rural tourism destinations in Foman County. ...

IntroductionThe development of a comprehensive process of economic, social, cultural and political activities aimed at continuous improvement of the entire population's life and the fair distribution of resources is one of its key pillars. It has now become apparent that the achievement of development depends on the consideration of rural settlements and rural areas as a core part. In this regard, this study tries to reach the developmental levels and also the balanced development at the level of rural districts of Ardabil city by understanding the location and distribution of developmental indicators in this area and utilizing several techniques. Indicator analyzes the desired indicators and, by identifying the effective factors in their development and leveling them, provide strategies for achieving equilibrium in these areas. By determining the extent of each of these villages, officials and Specialists in this field will help to understand the feedback and investment and its impact on decision making.

IntroductionToday, rural areas are among the places heavily influenced by visual media advertisements. Due to the fact that villagers are exposed to media advertisements, and given the structures that have come about, villagers have become a consumer-oriented society, rather than seeking to purposefully increase the production. Besides, today media outlets no longer inform people about the villagers’ needs, rather they advocate a new sense of life by promoting urban lifestyle. Therefore, visual media currently affect the life of villagers, and consumerism has significantly increased among them, whose outcomes could be seen in their behavior or everyday lifestyle. At the same time, today one of the important issues is the strong tendency of villagers to adopt consumerism despite their productive nature. In the meantime, visual media in different ways have increased the intensity and rate of consumerism in rural areas, as one can see physical manifestation of consumerism in rural areas. Accordingly, the main goal of the present study is to analyze the impact of visual media advertisements on promoting consumerism among villagers. Accordingly, the main question of the study is as follows: How much do the advertisements run by visual media outlets affect the extent of consumerism in the study area? ...

IntroductionThe occurrence of the earthquake has caused a lot of damage to urban structures due to the lack of attention to the identification of the basic factors in vulnerability to earthquakes. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the physical variables in seismic vulnerability and the role of each which measures to reduce vulnerability. This article introduces a process in which accurate levels of seismic physical vulnerability of urban structures, physical levels of physical interventions are carried out in a constructive manner. In spite of such a process, the waste of resources and facilities, the displacement of uninhabitable settlements and the adoption of immediate and unwise approaches are avoided and ambiguities in decision making and planning for the future of the city are also resolved. In this regard, the following article seeks to answer the following questions: . . .

IntroductionThe population of cities is widely distributed among different settlements with different sizesand patterns in different regions. These completely different patterns more clearly illustrate theareas where the growth of cities occurs unplanned and with unequal policies. In this process, usually, the largest cities have the fastest growth rates, which will result in the city'sdemographic, economic, social and political mastery of one city on all other cities within theurban system of a country or region. The growing trend of urbanization in recent decades, alongwith the severe migration of the village-city, has been accompanied by economic, social andpolitical developments is one of the most important factors in creating the unbalanced model ofthe urban system of Guilan province. The tendency towards urbanization in Guilan provincefollows the process of governing the whole country and it always has an ascending trend duringthe recent decades so that in the year 1966, only 24. 9% of the province population was inhabitedin cities. However, according to the results of the census in 2006, 53. 9% of the provincepopulation was inhabited in urban areas. Now, it seems currently having 51 cities, Guilanprovince to be witness as well as increasing the share of urban population over the next decades. Among the cities of Guilan, Rasht city has attracted the population of the surrounding areas tothe city as the center of province or regional metropolis. In fact, Rasht city acts as a dominantcity in Guilan region. Based on this matter, since the aim of any regional planning is to achievebalanced development, the present study intends to use a stratified difference model, urbanprimary model and four city index to analyze the hierarchy of Guilan province cities, based onpopulation statistics of 1966-2016. So, the results of this study can be the basis for decisionsmaking and presenting strategies and plans for balancing the distribution of urban centerspopulation in Guilan province. ...

IntroductionOne of the needs of citizens living in old contexts is the arrival of Non-GovernmentalOrganizations and grassroots for organizing and recreating. The high widespread contexts (301hectares) in west of Shahrekord area and the vulnerability of these, especially in Mahdieh rural(72 hectares), due to the high social costs and their modernization has made the issue of citizenparticipation in Shahrekordas a major issue in rehabilitation and has made the entry of nongovernmentaland grassroots organizations, as the inevitable part in solving the problem. Solving the problems of disreputable settlements in Shahrekord's urban context will not beachieved solely through cost and budgets, but will require wise and beloved of urbanmanagement, along with a genuine and institutionalized community of local communities. Onthe other hand, attention will be paid to the recreation and renovation of contexts ofShahrekord's urban which an important issue is, that given the wide area of urban areas, needsmulti-faceted cooperation between public organizations and all the executive agencies. For thispurpose, this article aims to realize the role of Non-Governmental Organizations in restoring theold contexts of Mahdieh neighborhood in order to benefit from the participation and cooperationof the people's organizations to accelerate the process of rehabilitation in West of Shahrekordand in particular Mahdieh neighborhood. In this regard, the researchers, using authoritativedocuments and reviewing the opinions of various scholars such as Thomson, Kamilocyte, Jinjikobes, Quinnellin, Alexander, and others, on recreation, renovation, urban regeneration, thereproduction of old contexts and urban authenticity and. . . the study of the various schools thatplayed a significant role in the process of reproduction, and the comparative study of successfulregeneration projects both inside and outside, achieved a final framework and summed up theindicators studied in this article. These indicators include: revitalizing the old contexts, planningwith the participation of the people and consulting the public and private institutions, increasingthe quality of life in physical, economic, cultural and social dimensions. Designated indicatorsallow researchers to provide strategies and strategies on a specific and planned side. ...

IntroductionGrowth of urbanization and development of informal settlements within or adjacent to large cities, resulted from contemporary urbanization and the urbanization of poverty, has necessitated a change in attitudes towards urban management. Today, it is not organization and empowerment programs that improve urban fabrics, it is rather the urban management system that determines the effectiveness of urban plans and programs. The best developed program may fail to be implemented and remain a library program due to its disregard to the place of people and other management issues. Following the critique of traditional management in the 70s and 80s, with the advent of the concepts of participatory planning, community-based planning, sustainable urban development, and good governance, integrated urban management patterns, which are the result of urban good governance system, develops. With regard to integrated or new management, it should be said that integrated urban management is a synergistic management with the participation of all urban stakeholders and influential figures within a given institutional and legal framework with the aim to enhance the level of urban management and promote sustainable urban viability. Integrated urban management is inspired by urban good governance and includes such parameters as efficiency, transparency, participation, public opinion, fairness, knowledge, etc. It integrates various urban institutions to improve the urban environment and solve various urban problems such as informal settlements, achieve sustainable urban development, and improve living quality. In the past, the majority of urban managers used to look at these settlements as a community problem and, instead of trying to organize and empower this group in order to enjoy urban infrastructure and services, attempted at cleaning up these settlements regardless of its consequences. This view was mainly due to inability, mismanagement, diversity of institutions involved in urban management affairs, inconsistency between these institutions in controlling and dealing with these settlements, and financial inability of their inhabitants. Today, in order to be able to have an integrated intervention, existing urban management approaches in the country’ s management system must lose their traditional nature and move towards new urban management approaches in the form of urban governance so that they can solve the problem of urban poverty and the resulting class gap through collaborative, synergetic and integrated practices. ...

Introduction During the past few decades, improper urban development, migration and population growth have caused changes in urban texture and structure of urban life and the emergence of high-density areas in Iran, which causes deterioration of the quality of life in these areas. While the quality of life interacts with development, all development efforts in various aspects, improve the quality of life. In fact, there is a close relationship between quality of life and sustainability of urban development that improvement of the quality of life in urban areas and the environmental quality are the main goal of sustainable development policies. Thus the study of quality of life is important for urban designers and planners who seek a better understanding of how best to achieve a higher urban quality of life in contemporary developments in increasingly affluent societies. This study aims to evaluate and rank the factors of quality of life based on previous studies in order to examine the high-density residential areas at Razmandegan town in Yazd city. This area consists of urban high-density texture as new urban development. ...

Introduction The sophisticated economic and technical developments that had developed since the Industrial Revolution caused profound changes in the size of the cities, the proportion of the population living in them and the growth of urbanization. After World War II, urban development developed in different countries with different motivations. The process of governing urban development in these countries includes the first period: urban expansion outside the metropolitan area; second period: urban expansions in areas that have been deployed within a metropolitan area and the third or present period: the expansion of the city in continuity with the city The central one is the continued expansion of the body of old cities or new cities. The quantitative and qualitative increase of the physical spaces and applications of a city in terms of horizontal and vertical dimensions over time can be called physical development. One of the major implications of this type of development is to face the expansion of cities with the natural and human constraints surrounding the cities. Like many cities, Sardasht has encountered some problems for its physical development. . . .

Introduction Equality in distribution of health facilities is one of the main indicator for increasing the availability of the general health index to the society. So, equitable access to health services for all people in a community leads to promote health and equal opportunities in the society. DEA is a non-parametric method to estimate the technical efficiency of DMUs from a database contains input-output; and by virtue of the unique features in different fields of science has penetrated. Therefore, DEA methods used in various fields such as education systems, health, agriculture, transportation and logistics. Thus, in evaluating the efficiency of space, we have included a broad scope for performance evaluation; (Assessment of human development countries), (ranked in terms of human development indicators); (evaluating the performance of development programs), (the performance of municipalities), (the efficiency of urban projects and evaluation of urban lines). The aim of this study is the evaluate of equity in health by assessing people's access to health centers using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) in Ardebil (with Descriptive and analytical Methods). ...

Introduction In recent years, resilience became a common term in a range of disciplines regarding unprecedented crises and developments in various economic, political, social, and environmental fields. On January 22, 2005, the framework of Hyogo plan was proved by the international strategy of crisis reduction of United Nations to be performed in 2005 and 2015. It was a positive movement in the field of resilience. Since the passage of the bill, the main purpose of planning for disaster reduction has concentrated on the issue of resilience in communities not the vulnerability reduction. In the recent years, the institutions and agencies active in the field of disaster reduction have concentrated their activities on a society more resilient to the disasters. In this field, earthquake in proportion to other events has a higher priority for strengthening the resilience of communities against natural disasters due to vast damages and social anomalies. District 12 is the central historical basis of Tehran; it contains old structures and the universal sample of spaces, and it is the most risky area regarding earthquake. So, regarding the importance of the issue, the current study has assessed the physical resilience in district 12 of Tehran through identifying the indicators and factors affecting the physical resilience of urban communities. Thus, the main purpose of the present study was to assess the situation of District 12 of Tehran in terms of the physical resilience components and parameters. ...