JOURNAL OF THE STUDIES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING (JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE)
Year:2011 | Volume:5 | Issue:13|Papers Count:9

The first action in the process of planning that is better to be done is acquiring recognition that is undoubtedly not simple and needs attempts, expensive expense, and surely many scientific works that require necessary and enough attention. Village development plans are considered as suggestive models for physical, cultural, economic and ... developments of villages that the formation of these plans are explained usually in giving services to villages that don't have a specific plan at least in the first decade of revolution. Of course, the fact is that improvement and recovery of preparing methods and performing village development plans for having better decision making and planning are considered necessary and this is in a way that lack of success in the field of village development is unfortunately obvious and choosing the proper method for planning is the undeniable necessity. Among these guiding plans are the most evident kinds of village development plan that need research and evaluation to characterize the effect rate and its effects on villages. In this research, it is attempted that by using the developed technique of Morris and Kendall correlation, villages in Bonab city are classified and the effect of guiding plans are specified in this classification.In this process, 28 villages with 20 detailed indexes in the form of 5 general indexes are placed in Morris model and the results show 16 villages have the final index higher than 30% that contain almost 57.14% of villages. 4 villages, that is 14.28% of villages have the final index between 20 to 30 and the rest of villages i.e. 8 villages i.e. 28.57% of villages do not have good developing condition and have the final index of 10 near low and in a classification the first group can be considered as the villages of enjoying the facilities, the second group villages as semi- enjoyment of facilities and the third group as deprived and non-developed villages. Of course by using the method of Kendall, there is a significance correlation between the executing condition of villages' guiding plans and enjoyment of facilities in Bonab villages and the number 74.0 of correlation shows the significant relation and direct correlation of these two variables.

Many social and economic activities of human beings depend on weather conditions and climate. One of the phenomena affecting the production of runoff and flood events in most latitudes is occurrence of thunderstorms in the local-regional scales. Due to the occurrence of severe thunderstorms with heavy rainfall, a lot of losses in the province are created in Kermanshah. So, understanding the mechanism of formation and development of storms can help to reduce the frequency of losses and increase agricultural production and productivity levels … in this province.In the present study, in an eight-year statistical period (1987-1994) data of thunderstorms (which includes the 95-99 codes) was taken for the Kermanshah province from Iran's Meteorological Organization and the data of synoptic pressure, and especially not in the Omega Sea level pressure, 850 and 500 hpa were received from Forecast Center of the so-called environmental NCEP and maps needed were drawn in the software environment of GRADS. By extracting rainfall statistics these storms and matching them with data, the four flood discharge were identified during the statistical period.Overall, the floods created three (25 and 26 October 1987 and November 7, 1994) will follow a template pattern so that the tabs in the sea level pressure of dry and cold air flow under study area and in higher balances system, hot and humid air pressure to the Arabian Sea under study area located in front of trough in the West Country will flow. In December 24, 1987, large low pressure system covered Western Asia, would cover the Western part of country and in higher balance of the study area, quite deep trough in the western front is located. Also, in a review of humid maps, it revealed that the most moisture advection in above-mentioned flood basin was through the Arabian Sea.

Ecotourism is mainly on the basis of resources and attractions which natural environment provides for tourists and exploitation of it requires appropriate possibilities and condition, and also needs preserving natural resources. This can be fulfilled by measuring capability and capacity of natural environment for receiving tourists. Recognition of natural potentials of area and influence of tourism in development and expansion of it, and also recognition of tourism capability and its attractions from the tourist's point of view are goals of this research.To study and identifying the limitation, attractions and the potential hiding in climatic and geographical properties in different season, in order to consider them in planning tourism , especially natural tourism, are very important. The studied area in this research in Polroud basin in the southern part of Guilan province. Data used in this research are temperature and humidity which had been obtained from 10 meteorology and climatology station locating in surface area in a statistical period of 10 years (1379-1388). Special temperature method had been used to investigate human bioclimatic condition. Caryginik interpolation method in GIS software had been helped to zoning bioclimatic condition. The results from data analysis indicate that spring season in daily condition and summer season in night condition have suitable environmental relaxation condition in the time point of view. Also in residential point of view, low-height area have more suitable condition in human bioclimatic and climatic limitation of this areas are less during the year.

Somesara town contains various sources of tourism but these resources have not been recognized for exploitation and tourists' attraction. This article recognizes and examines tourism development and effective factors on increasing the stay period of tourists in this town. In previous researches, customs and traditions, cultural and natural attractions were recognized as the effective factors on increasing the stay period of tourists. But the effect of infrastructure and introducing the attractions and the effect of tourist's recognition of has not been paid suitably. The present research is a analytic-descriptive and deductive. Population of this research contains all tourists entering Somesara town with a goal of recreation, passing free time, visiting relatives and friends in the period of first to thirteenth of Farvardin. And the number of subjects chosen with simple sampling method equals to 100 people. Necessary information was gathered by the researcher. Validity and credibility of the questionnaire is verified by combach Alpha. By using regression in hypothesis testing, it was evident that there was a significant relationship between the equipment and the stay period and the sig=0.02. But there is not a significant relationship between introducing and recognition of tourists with the stay period.

In this study, predominant variation and cycles of precipitation and discharge parameters in the Karjegill station were analyzed by Mann Kendal test and spectral analysis in monthly, seasonal and annual scales during the period of 38 years (1342-1382). Results show, that the variations in monthly scale occurred in the March and September, and no variation was observed in the seasons, but the annual precipitation has been changed to 0.26 values. In surveying the data trend, the discontinuous trends were distinguished in defined range (±1.96) with significant level of 95% in time series. There is the most conformity between precipitation and discharge trends in autumn season, but in other seasons, there are both conformity and nonconformity between two parameters, Also, no considerable trend out of defined range has been seen in monthly parameters. However, the September series have inverse trend from early to end of period. In the other hand, the cycles with most significant variance are obtained by using spectral analysis and proved the sinuous cycles (non trend) for all of time series (monthly, seasonal). Likewise, the four non sinuous cycles (trend) obtained for January, February, and August discharge.

Primary core of Germi has been developed on the relative flat topographic space, but due to the land limitations, these days, this town is frequently (over 70%) developing in the high steep slopes (8 to 30 degrees). Active faults of the region and the presence of unresisting superficial and deposits and geological formations have caused instability of the urban constructions formation especially in the east and north east of this small city. In addition, the subsidence phenomena and cracks in foundations, due to deposit silts with the high percentage of clay and with high shear steers, have seriously threatened urban constructions. The large land slide in the 1995 destroyed some about the 250 residuals, hospitals and schools in the eastern slope of the town in the Katol district which led to obligatory replacing of some residuals. According to the research findings, out of whole urban land use (449.4 ha), 145.5 of them (32.4%) is located in the unsuitable to completely high risk zones. Therefore, occurrence of any earthquake stronger than 5.5 with Richter Scale, landslides, subsidence phenomena, subsidence liquefactions, and environmental hazards of geomorphic phenomena, result in crakes, movement and instability of soil formation, and the destruction of the constructions in the slopes.

The present research seeks to determine the effect of global warming on the country's temperature patterns and process. For this purpose, this research has been divided into two parts. The first part deals with the analysis of the country's temperature using the data of 1951 to 2005, as well as average, maximum and minimum seasonal temperature components for night (minimal temperature), day (maximal temperature) and round-the clock (mean temperature) in 92 synoptic and climatology stations. For this reason, the past temperature process analysis has been selected since temperature changes would have fundamental effects on other parameters. The second part of the research includes forecasting and modeling the effect of global warming on temperature component values in the condition of greenhouse gases increase and using MAGICC SCENGEN model and taking into account different climate change Scenarios.Finally, based on what has been extracted from the present temperature process with regard to time, the results indicate the significant increase of the country's temperature in the warm season of summer. However, when we consider height levels, the more and significant increase of temperature for daily and round-the clock temperature is more obvious in higher stations.The results of the country's annual precipitation and temperature simulation indicate the country's temperature increase for up to the ceiling of 4.25 Celsius degree till 2100, and the maximum increase would be experienced in August and the process of the country's precipitation changes indicate the country's precipitation increase till 2100. Therefore, such temperature and precipitation would finally lead to prolongation of the plants' growing season, increase of evaporation and perspiration, decrease of solid precipitation, increase of convective precipitation and finally the increase of flood potential.

Diversity of cultural tourism branches in our ancient country caused both progress in tourism industry and various cultural events. In our time, phenomenon of culture such as rituals has special place in world cooperation and agents of modem system have followed a process of self-imposed to pave the way for unifying the cultures. Each culture creates its own outlook, their views with their attractions lead numerous tourists to them, and in that process an enduring peace will reign.In this research, ritual characters of Eastern Giulan including Astane, Siyahkal, Lahijan, Langarood, Roodsar, and Amlash in ritual item have been studied. The descriptive-analytic method used in this research is based on the data that come from observations and statistic of questionnaires. Tourism development affecting the cultural dynamic of the region and leading tourism industry policymakers have also been considered.Paying more attention to ritual ceremony causes that the globalization does not follow the intentional purpose of planners.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effective factors on attitude toward using drip irrigation. The statistical universe of this study consisted all viticulturists (675) who farming in Shahriar of Tehran Province. A sample of 156 viticulturists was selected by the use of "Stratified proportional sampling technique". The research design used in this study was a descriptive-correlation method. According to Multiple Regression Analysis 85 percent of the changes in "attitude toward drip irrigation" was due to rate of cultivating surface, accessing extension services, rate of being cosmopolitan, acceptance of social responsibility, family, income, technical Knowledge & experience, using Internet, reading extension publications, and education.