JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Golden mullet is very important species and edible in Caspian sea area. Due to no microscopic study on the gill tissue in this species the recent research has been done. For this purpose, 20, of fish after biometry were used. In this research fish collected for histological studies of the second gill arch on the left, then convert into smaller piece fixed in Bouin's solution and incubated for 48 h. After routine histological procedures, sections at 5 to 6 microns thickness stained using (H&E), (PAS) and cover slip was done. In immunohistochemical studies, paraffin slides after the initial stages of preparation such as removal and discharge of ethanol in phosphate buffer saline solution and then rinsed in phosphate buffer saline solution that combines, of NaCl and Tween. In gill microscopic examination each blade as a thin layer of cells layed on the basement membrane and two side of the them were protected with Pilar cells. Flat membranes of the respiratory lamellae that are formed in large numbers mucous secreting cells. The other main cells in the chloride cells and surrounded by flat lining cells were higher at the junction between the lamellae and filaments. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the cells were exposed to a large number of filament epithelium and rarely in the epithelium of lamella. Recent study on gill epithelial cells of this species showed some similarities and differences with other species that have been addressed.

The purpose of this study is to determine the differentiation time of cerebellum tissue during fetal life. This study is a descriptive observation of 100 fetuses of pregnant sheep uterus that were chosen randomly. After fixation, morphological measurement and preparing histological sections, the samples were stained by H&E and were examined under a light microscope. According to microscopic observations of 40th day of gestation, cerebellum tissue had not yet differentiated. Therefore, at this stage, the appearance of cerebellum was like an overlying mass of neuroepithelial cells in metencephalon area of neural tube. At the 50th day of gestation, the initial form of the cerebellum was separable due to the placement of migrating cells in layers and creating initial wrinkle under the pia mater. At the 70th day, great number of wrinkles could be seen on long strips in a way that primary wrinkle was underneath the secondary wrinkle. At the 80th day of gestation, Purkinje cells were observed between granular and molecular layers. At the 90th day of gestation, cerebellum tissue had primary, secondary, and tertiary wrinkles. At the 120th day, the whole tissue structure of cerebellum, in the last month of pregnancy, was seen as a mature form in a way that in the last three months there were no significant changes. This can be concluded that the differentiation of cerebellum tissue from the mass of migrating cells of neural tube starts after the sixth week and the whole cerebellum tissue structure appears in fetal life and a month before birth.

One of the most common causes of in fertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 6-8 percent of womens of child bearing age are affected with endocrine disorders. If the extract contains flavonoids, phytoestrogens are compounds that are effective in treating many diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in estrogen and progesterone hormones in polycystic mice. 35 female Wistar rats weighing 20±180g in 2 to 3 consecutive estrous cycles were selected. Then divided into 5 groups of 7 to include a control group (no drug), polycystic group (day 4 mg/kg estradiolvalerate drugs were given intramuscularly), experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups, which also received 4mg/kg estradiolvalerate medication, daily doses, minimum, average and maximum to extract the received intraperitoneally. After 21days, all mice were bled to measure the hormones estrogen and progesterone was used. Level estrogen concentrations in the polycystic group and the experimental group that Anethum graveolens minimum and average dose received has increased significantly compared with control requirements. Progesterone concentration in polycystic experimental group has a significant decrease compared with control requirements. The subjects were identified that are likely to extract improves ovary polycystic syndrome due to changes in the concenteration of estrogen and progesterone hormones.

To repair the wounds of burns a wide range of research including the use of bio-scaffolds due to ability to achieve the desired characteristics has been done. According to favorable biological properties of chitosan such as biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties and the ability to improve wound healing in biomedical applications, and also due to biocompatibility and lack of stimulation of the immune system of polyvinyl alcohol, the authors decided to investigate the in-vivo effect of Nanofiber scaffolds on the mix of these two polymers on damaged skin. 30 NMRI male mice were randomly divided in to a control group and three experimental groups (Scaffolding chitosan: polyvinylalcohol ratio of 0.100, 20.80, 30.70). Under sterile conditions and anesthesia, a 1 cm in diameter and full thickness skin wounds was created on the back of each mouse. Electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds were applied as wound dressing to cover the burn. The burn area was sterile every day and scaffolding was dressing on the wound. After 21 days histological studies have been done on the wound. The results showed a significant meaningful reduction in wound diameter in the experimental group in comparison to control group (p<0.001) and increasing in the thickness of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis compared to controls (p<0.05). Pathology results showed the desired effect of nanofiber scaffolds combined with chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol compared to control group. Also increase in the rate of wound shrinkage has been seen in samples containing scaffolds compared to control samples.

Dietary effects of the symbiotic “Biomin Imbo” on growth performance of the Golden Severom Cichlid fish (Heros severus), was studied. Increasing of the fish biomass in shorter time and less prime cost were the main aims of the recent research. For 2 mounts, 150 young Severom Cichlid fish were fed with the symbiotic “Biomin Imbo” (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg in dry food), Standard length and body weight were being meseared every 2 weeks and growth indices including Body Weight Growth (BWG), Daily Growth Rate (DGR), Condition Factor (CF) and Special Growth Rate (SGR) were calculated at the end of the 2nd month. Results showed that the symbiotic “Biomin Imbo” increased the growth performance of the treatments and the best dosage of the symbiotic was 2g/kg in the Severom Cichlid fish dry food.

Diazinon is organophosphates that causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induce of oxidative stress in the organism.This study was done to determine the effects of Salvia officinalis extract on pancreatic tissue in rats poisoned by diazinon. This experimental study, 35 adult male rats were divided into three equal groups; control, Diazinon(DZN), Diazinon- extract Animals in experimental groups, were received an intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg DZN for one time and extract at dose of 100 mg / kg for four weeks(five days per week). Rats were sacrificed 24 h after latest injection. Pancreatic tissue sections were provided to microscopic studies. Data were analyzed using of one-way ANOVA. Number and diameter of Islets of Langerhans and Blood vessels and number of acini cells in the DZN group significantly decreased compared to the control (p<0.05). But, parameters in DZN - extract group significantly increase compared to DZN (p<0.05). These results show that Salvia officinalis extract have protective effect on pancreatic.

In the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbus grypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition histology of the intestine in this fish can help to feed and nutritional requirement for the development of upbringing of this fish. In this study, 10 Shirbot with average weight 354.25±60.52 g and mean length of 36.25±4.16cm was chosen and after the easy drawing, the intestine are removed and the section of paraffin embedding and stained by routine histological was done about it. With Dino lite lenses and Dino capture software various parts was measured and then data were analyzed with SPSS software and with p<0.05.The results showed that initial part of the intestine has the thickest wall, the largest number of goblet cells, the maximum diameter of mucosa layer and maximum diameter of enterocyte compare to another part of the intestine. While muscular layer in the terminal part of the intestine has higher diameter, and central part has minimum diameter. Histological results in this research indicate that the intestinal wall between Shirbot and same family were likeness in the total thickness of the wall, epithelium height, thick mucous layer, changes in the number of goblet cells, and there is a difference about thickness of muscle layer in different part.

Several studies have been performed to achieve a BioCompatibility scaffold with stem cells. The aim of this study was to present biodegradable scaffold of chitosan (Cs)/poly ethylene oxide (PEO) and studies to evaluate the ability of growing, proliferation, undifferetation and cell death of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on them. At first, Cs/PEO scaffold made in 3, 1 ratio. This scaffold lies on 1% gelatin at 24 plates and then sterilized. BMSCs extract from adult rats femur and after three passages were implated in the empty house plate as control BMSCs and also on scaffold. The rate of cell proliferation, undifferentiation, and cell death were studied at two, four and six days after 3rd passage in plate. The results showed that the morphology of cells maintained on Cs/PEO scaffold and was simiar to control group. Studies showed that the percentage of differentiation of BMSCs and cell death on scaffold of six day was similar to control. Proliferation, undifferentiation and cell death of BMSCs on biodegradable Cs/PEO scaffold result a model of scaffold that can be used in tissue engineering and cell therapy.