JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

One of the very dangerous contaminants in environment as a result of technology development and industries is lead and its derivatives. There are several reports that show causes of infertility in people in different ways to lead. In this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of cinnamon on the elimination of lead poisoning on the changes in ovarian tissue. Animals used 42 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, including control group that received no drug, the Sham group 1 (solvent), Sham group 2 (0.6 g daily lead acetate), Sham group 3 (1.5mg/kg of cinnamon extract daily), experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 per day in addition to 0.6g of lead acetate, respectively 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg cinnamon extract for 14 days. At the end of the ovary was removed and histological studies is performed. The results showed number of primordial follicles in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 have decreased compared to control and Sham groups 3 (p<0.05).The number of primary follicles has significantly increased in the Sham group3 than the control group (p<0.05). The number of secondary follicles has significantly reduced in the Sham group2 compared to control and in Sham group2 has significantly increased than the control group (p<0.05). The number of Graffian follicles has a significantly increased in Sham group3 than the control (p<0.05). The number of corpus luteum has significantly reduced in the Sham group2 than the control group (p<0.05). So, the results showed that cinnamon extract to people exposed to reduce the risk of infertility.

The current recommendations to reduce salt intake from 9 to 12 g/d to 5 to 6 g/d will have a major effect on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease but are not ideal. A minimal increase in the plasma osmolality of 1–2% induces thirst, hypovolemia, hypotension, and angiotensin II are the most known of thirst stimuli. Some of stimuli for thirst and salt appetite are common; hence, following stimulation of thirst, an increase in salt appetite occurred. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of water deprivation in Ramadan on daily salt intake in fasting people.30 male fasting students were selected for the experiment and their 24 hours urinary sodium excretion was measured during one day of Shaban and Ramadan. An increase and decrease more than 15% in 24 hours urine sodium was considered as remarkable changes.5 specimens were eradicated from the study due to previous recommendation about 24-h creatinine excretion. Changes in 24 hours urine sodium during Ramadan in comparison with Shaban were unremarkable in 7 subjects. Remarkable decrease and increase were observed in 10 and 8 subjects respectively. Similar to the effect of fasting on weight, blood pressure, and appetite, fasting has a double effect on salt consumption. As during fasting, other parameters affected fasted salt appetite, so the pure effect of thirst on salt appetite were covered by other parameters. Over and above, it can be mentioned if individuals consumes water more than usual before thirst stimulation and the intervals between drinking water is reduced, it will lead to salt appetite suppression.

Today, the use of dietary supplements by athletes to perform better athletic skills has earned a special reputation through acceleration of losing weight and fat loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Keratin on body composition swimmers. In this study, 20 male swimmers in aged between 20 to 30 years were selected as subjects. The participants had been explained about what they should be doing and consent was signed by them. Then, the factors of height, weight and body composition were measured. Subjects were matched regarding their age, weight and height then they were randomly assigned to the experimental group including 10 subjects and a control group including 10 subjects. The experimental group and the control group were trained during of 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, meeting one hour). The Creatine group was consumption 20 grams of Creatine in four servings of 5 grams in grape juice where in the first serving was in the morning, the second serving was before a workout at 14: 15 (45 minutes before the workout), the third serving was at a few time after the exercise about 16: 30 and the fourth serving was before sleeping, but the days when they had no practice, they were taking only in the morning. The placebo group, consumed four servings of 4 grams (2 grams of rice flour and 2 grams of starch) dissolved in apple juice at the same time as in the Creatine group. Body fat percentage of both groups was measured by using calipers and measured three-point method and then training protocol was carried out and all the practice sessions was done to repeat this protocol. Then after 8-weeks swimming training, percentage of body fat were measured and recorded again. After analyzing data using independent t-test and t-test results showed that the group that had consumed Creatine was significant decrease in body fat percentage in the post-test compared with pre-test and so between the two groups, group taking Creatine were significant decrease in percent body fat compared with exercise training.

Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But it is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy have not been reviewed. Therefore in study The Biological effects of pesticide diazinon on the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos Third to Sixth Days of pregnancy. In this study 90 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group (non- injection) and sham (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. The lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 11.09 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on mouse embryos 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS17 software and Duncan test subjest to (P<0.05) and (P<0.001). After a comparative study at this dose, has been observed a significant decrease in the embryo weight and placental weight and Crown – Rump Length (CR), were compared with control and witness groups. According to the findings, nnegative effects of diazinon use as pesticides in agricultural products, On the Mouse Embryos and It is recommended to protect the environment and human health, especially pregnant women Use of non-chemical methods to control pests.

Patulin is a toxin from Mycotoxins family that is produced by several species of mold especiallyAspergillus, Byssochlamys and Penicillium ecspansom. The presence of Penicillium Ecspansom on apples and its juice causes concern. Patulin has teratogenic on the fetus, genetic mutagenicity and carcinogenicity effects. In this study, we have tried to investigate the effect of this toxin on human sperm and its role as a male factor in men's infertility. The purpose of study Patulin toxin has destructive and harmful effects on human sperm DNA and its excessive amounts in fruit juices. The present study has been done on 40 samples taken from infertile patients referring to Royan Institute. Mobility, pH, morphology, viability and sperm DNA fragmentation were studied before and after the use of Patulin with 5 doses of 0.02, 0.05, 0.16, 0.33 and 0.5 micrograms per milliliter that was diluted with medium Ham' sF10. The results showed that concentrations of 0.33, 0.5 and 0.05 caused a significant decrease in sperm motility, pH and viability. The concentrations of 0.33 and 0.5 caused a significant damage on sperm DNA but have not affected morphology, the number of positive peroxidase cells and sperm count.

Effects of the probiotic bacteria, Pediococcus acidilactici on growth performance of the Convict Cichlid fish (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) were examined. The main aim of the research was to examine the related effects of the probiotic P. acidilactici to increase the production of ornamental fishes.150 fries of the Convict Cichlid fish were fed for 60 day in 15 groups (1 control and 4 treatments, each with 3 replicants) with dry food containing the probiotic P. acidilactici (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 gr/kg). Biometric features (standard length and body weight) were measured every two weeks and growth and feeding indices were conducted at the end of the period. Compared with the control group, the results showed better growth performance in the treatments and the best results achieved in the group 4 with 2 mg prebiotic per kg dry feed. The recent research proposed the use of the probiotic P. acidilactici to enhance ornamental fish production in hatcheries of the convict cichlid fish.

Due to physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles as drug carriers are widely used in the treatment of cancerous cells in living environments. The nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery and effective to the site of infection. Iron magnetic nanoparticles have biologically active properties and can enter into the reticuloendothelial system by phagocytosis or endocytosis, or can be trapped by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes. The nanoparticles can hurt cells by increasing oxidative stress. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein and it is disabled or impaired function in most human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the expression of P53 protein in the brain tissue of mice Balb/C. For this purpose, 15 male mice were divided into three groups (five in each group). The treatment groups 1 and 2 during 8 days, received doses of 100 and 300 ppm magnetic nanoparticles of iron daily by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of eight days, the animals dissected and their brains were removed and were undergone immunostaining with Avedin. The results showed that iron oxide nanoparticles penetrate into brain tissue and causing inflammatory response and cause increasing in P53 protein. It seems that high concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on the expression of P53 protein.

This study was accomplished during the period of breeding and migration of the kutum (2015) to the Shirud River (Tonekabon, Iran) on 60 male and female broodstocks. During this study, the relationship between total length and weight of adult males and females broodstocks with the reproductive parameters such as the number of eggs per gram, egg weight, egg diameter, number of larvae produced in gram, the weight of larvae produced, and the fertilization rate have been measured. According to Pearson correlation test, results showed that there was a negative significant correlation (P<0.05) among the total length and weight of females and the number of larvae produced in gram. The results showed that the total length and weight of adult males and females had no significant relationship with other reproductive parameters such as egg weight and size, fertilization rate, and larvae weight, so that such parameters were independent from broodstock's size.

Phytotherapy is an ancient knowledge and people have been using herbs for centuries to heal themselves. Different researches have indicated that due to the side effects of synthetic drugs people nowadays have a tendency to use herbal medicines to treat their diseases. A few number of these researches have been dedicated to studying the effect of herbal medicines research. NMRI adult female mice which weighed30 to35 grams were divided into 5groups in this study.The groups included one control group, a sham group and 1, 2, and 3 experimental groups. The control group used the special water and food for mice which was fed to all the groups. The 1, 2 and 3 experimental groups received 135, 45, and 15 milligrams per kilogram of their body weight doses of the essence of Juniperus sabina respectively for a period of 30 days. The results indicate that the essence of this herb increases the weight of the uterus. All three layers showed increase thickness of diameter and the number of the blood vessels of the uterus decreased in the experimental groups 1 and 3.The number of the follicles which had undergone atrophy and the yellow-bodies (corpus luteum) increased significantly but the primordial and primary follicles decreased in number. These results suggest that this herb is harmful to pregnant women and it must be consumed under the supervision of a physician if necessary. The manner in which this herb effects the oogenesis hormones and the extraction of the effective substance and applying it on the uterus and the ovaries must be examined.

Chronic hyperglycemias led to diabetes that was a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in insulin secretion or function with decreased serum levels of vitamin E and the liver damaged. Vitex plant traditionally wasused to treat many diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Vitex and vitamin-E on serum levels on some hepatic enzyam, glucose, and insulin, lipid profile and weight was performed in rats.Methods: In this study, 40 adult female rats weighing 220 to 250 g in the controls group, and the 3 experimental groups were studied. Each group consisted of 8 mice. The experimental groups 1 weredivided by received 40mg / kg extract of Vitex, empirical 2received 40 mg/kg extract of Vitexand 40mg / kgvitamin E, and empirical 3 received 40 mg/kg vitamin E.Prescription was administered for 14 days, at the end of the fourteenth day, phlebotomizing by inter-ventricular to mice were performed and then by diagnostic kits, serum levels, insulin hormone, glucose, enzymes ALP, ALT and AST was measured. The data by using ANOVA and Tukeytest was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that ethanol extracts of Vitex and vitamin E have no effect on glucose levels, while significantly caused to decrease the cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, ALP and AST enzymes, and then increased insulin and HDL. Conclusion: Vitex Extract and Vitamin E due to antioxidant properties led to increased insulin hormone and HDL levels and reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL ALP, AST enzymes.