JOURNAL OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

9/11 was a new arena in the U.S.foreign politics. 9/11 can be the most heated objection against the U.S politics. The U.S. government claimed that it was attacked by terrorists; hence the Bush Administration privileged itself to defend its territories. From the very beginning, Al-Qaeda was alleged for the attack. Then, the U.S.government called the Al- Qaeda responsible for those incidents through offering some pieces of evidence and soon after that prepared its military forces to attack Afghanistan, the Al-Qaeda’s center, and with the help of its partners could easily and shortly occupy Afghanistan with the excuse for fighting against terrorism.The Unites States tried to use 9/11 as a means to achieve its aims in the whole world. Fighting against terrorism and the U.S.military invasion of Afghanistan can be simply seen as their short-term and a pretext to their long-term aims. In other words, the U.S government, beyond fighting against terrorism, was to stabilize its hegemony in the world as its long-term aim through invading Afghanistan. After 9/11 the U.S government divided the world into friend versus foe poles through a new doctrine so that it could step towards founding and stabilizing its hegemony in the world. Afghanistan enjoys specific geopolitical features in a way that the U.S government could use its potentials by occupying it with the excuse for fighting against terrorism to pave the way to achieve its long-term aim, namely stabilizing its hegemony in the world.

Transport is main pillar of tourism industry and it is one of the most important and most profitable of world Sources in The early of Third millennium. The air transport System is one of the main elements of tourism industry that attract a part of tourist's expenses.The Tourism is mainly on the base of movement from Source and permanent Place of life of one to the away places. Development and expansion of tourism is depending to the expansion of transport facilities. So air transportation by use of easy and Comforts facilities, rapid and safe to the different Places by having So many distances, has an important rule in transporting tourists. Now about 40% of international tourists travel by aerial transport.The air port is as a source and target of aerial traveling and entrance, door to cities and Countries They are as a symbol of one city and country. The elegance, splendor, facilities and architecture of an airport, indicates social, cultural and even politic Conditions of That city or Country.The aerial transport programmers must keep in mind that their travelers are the ones that have a high income and of high social jobs, in which the factor of speed and time is important for them and also they are sensitive about safe. They like every thing are rapid and easy for them.

In spatial arena of human settlements, the inequality in revenue distribution, allocation of influencing sources and limitation of access to facilities and services is always considered as difficulties and problems of rural development and creation of balance between city and village. For this reason, the authorities try to present guidelines and opinions for all over developing in different levels. Therefore, the trend of urban functions in rural development as guideline with emphasis on absorbing services and facilities especially in small towns and around villages along with presenting organic relation in hierarical systemic framework between cities and villages can pave the way for the growth and development for villages. This study tries to investigate about the position of Nourabad (Center of Mammasani) in the development of around villages, mainly Bakesh1, and to this end it use the theoretical framework and the techniques of in above approach. To reach this goal, the centralization index and classification of the villages of this town in comparison to city are used and socio-economical function espicaly the mediating rule of Nourabad Based om field studies will be explored. The study shows that Nourabad has an important bilateral roles;i.e. These relations not only help the growth and development of the city but also builds the foundation for rural development in different aspects.

During the history, various revolutions occurred in the military area, resulting in essential change in the nature of war. Hence, there is a kind of relative consensus among the experts about the occurrence of such revolution, but major debates are about Recent Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) that is very controversial and there is a little consensus even among its real proponents. These controversies are related to its existence and its nature and quality as well. General discussions on recent RMA began since the collapse of Soviet Union and the advent of the united state in the war of Persian Gulf against Iraq. In the beginning of the advent of monopole world, the USA appealed to different ways including theorizing discussions such as the "New World Order", the "End of History" and the "Clash of Civilization" to demonstrate its political and military power, which seems the theory of RMA was also planned to achieve into these goals. Thereby the Persian Gulf War started under the leadership of American conservatives.

In this research central part of Fasa province was studied. The purpose of this study is to determine proper regions for implementation of ecological projects and knowing resources by which responsible persons could gain optimum spatial and land management according to environment’s capability and suitability.This region has various geomorphologic forms, high steep side hills, pastures and forest lands) Persian juniper, Pisatina atlantica, Amygdalus communis).Total area of the region is 1849 km2. The minimum height from the sea is 1257 m and the maximum height is 3185 m. After basic studies were done, region’s subjective maps, digitalization, analysis and integration, overlapping the layers in GIS were provided, and finally plot the planning map in the scale of 1:300000 as an ecological model.In this ecological model categories in six layers are as follows:Layer 1: Lands with susceptibility of water farming.Layer 2: Lands with susceptibility of dry farming.Layer 3: Lands with susceptibility of range management.Layer 4: Lands with susceptibility of conservation and prevention of livestock grazing.Layer 5: Lands with susceptibility of conservation of forest.Layer 6: Lands with susceptibility of forest and range enrichment.

The rapid growth of urbanization in the recent decades, especially in the developing countries, has led to a raise in city populations especially in big cities. This has some problems and shortages for city population in terms of housing, social services, educational shares, sanitary services, etc. One solution to this problem is constructing new cities that started in Iran in the late 1360s (in solar calendar) near big cities. The city of Kermanshah is the ninth most populated city in Iran and the second most populated city after the city of Tabriz in the west of the country. Some reasons for this rapid growth of population are the natural population growth, the influx of people from rural and other urban areas, especially during the imposed war in the 1360s (in solar calendar). The population of this city is continuously growing and it is predicted that it will increase beyond 1 million. Yet, human limitations and natural limitations like city services and topography are some obstacles to the physical growth of the city in the future. Therefore, to have a balanced population distribution and to have access to social services, constructing a new city with appropriate distance from the city of Kermanshah is recommended as one best solution.

National Integration is a mutual concept that implies on the differences and similarities. With emphasizing on the similarities this concept makes us integrated and committed around a unique principle and on the other hand make us different from others. Iran is a combination of the different tribes and sub cultures. Identity, religion, common history and geography are important factors among these sub cultures. To enrich national integration in a society, it is necessary that sub cultures identify each other. Persian language -as a common cultural heritage- can play as a catalyzer in the process of this identification. Undoubtedly development of tourism in Iran is a base for interactions of the sub cultures. "Integration" is an old concept in the history of the social sciences and politics. It means coordination between members of the social system. In this article the concept of the National Integration and the factors which affect it has been described with a conceptual frame work. Then role and influence of the tourism have been analyzed for every effective factor.

Division of location and space is the most significant factor in lands use, thus, urban lands use includes a set of purposeful activities for organization of an unnatural environment, unjust division occupancy is the most important issue that has engaged everyone’s mind, thus Karaj has the most residential occupancy, including 30.1% of percapita share and 28.2% service percapita, there are storage of green and commercial space. In balanced specification of lands to different users and unappropriate percapita in established plans are also among the problems of these plans. In Karaj`s established plans, unfair division of occupancy in the lands can be seen, and finally changing the agricultural lands into residential ones is one of the most important points considented in Karaj. Lack of green spaces in Karaj is an important issue. If we calculate the need of this city for green spaces we come to a number which shows that this city can be considered as a desert.In general , substandard residential occupancies have resulted in unbalanced usages if different sectors, thus there are plenty of issues concerning to substandard usage.City includes a set of manmade, natural, social and environmental factors, it has been populated by the residents, urbanization is a method of human life on the earth, it is a costant human settlement in the environment.Unsurprisingly, city has been a center of civilization for a longtime, so urbanization process should be investigated carefully urbanization in Iran has a long history, Iran Plateau is the first part of the earth that has experienced urbanization. But in contemporary centuries urbanization in Iran has a specific form that has had many consequences including over whelming migration of villagers to the cities. Due to its location and closeness to Tehran, Karaj has a special form of urbanization. This phenomena is so outstanding in recent 2or3 decades that it needs carful considerations, investigations and scientific discussions.

Every city is as a whole joint of the factors that form urban grounds and these factors are different as a result of the needs of citizens and phisycal characters of the city. network path (Connection network) in the cities is lower than 1/3 of the total urban grounds and urban skeleton.In the formation of city and its morphology, every one of natural and human elements plays important roles. Among the human factors, connection network and streets are the most important factor in the morphologic formation of a city in a way that Streets show morphologic network of city in united form. also topographic factors of grounds like plains, mountain side ground’s slop and rivers flow have roles in development of the streets and. Network s quality and finally in the cities, shape and formation. In the production of city's development plans the usage of transport and warehouse include all of the overland, Aquatic and air routes and roads. In fact any one of these routes and roads are a set of transportation and communication system of the city that include terminals, airports, railway stations, cold stores, warehouse and public parking that is usually shown by is gray, dark and light purple in the plans. In this research we try to study the network in the cities (roads like local degree 1 or 2, collector and access, pavements and railways)and the roles of them in the solution of traffic problems of city and the effects of the on them on the morphologic formation of city. Coastal cities, plain and mountainous cities and riverside cities have morphologic characteristics of themselves that in anyone of them connection network is the most important and main factor in the formation of city’s morphology. Of course we should not forget the role of natural factors. But in this research the main objective is the study of connection network's role as one of the most important elements in the city's Skeleton.

The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of Date production activities on the rural sustainable development of Dashtestan city in Bushehr province (with empasis on economical dimensions). Dashtestan is one of the cities in Busher witch is located in the south of Iran. This This city is located in the width of 51’ and 12’ and width of 24’ and 16’ and th hight of 65 meters from sea. It is hot and dry and the rain amount is less them 250mm. The most important product of this city is Date which is produced as much as 125838 tons per year.PSR (Pressure-State-Response) with emphasis on economic dimensions is used to investigate the rural sustainable development of Dashtestan to province Date. What is meant cause economical sustainability of rural development in a period of time? These factors can bring about economic and social welfare for farmers and villagers. Having a suitable income and a permanent one in rural areas as a prerequisite of sustainable development means that economical and productive activities should be done with regard to environmental factors and keeping genetic resources. These activities should have economic rationale. In other words, Agricultural and productive activities should have an economical environmental homegeneity. In this modal more than 12 factors are investigated such as food security, sufficient and development income, product export and so form. In order to investigate these factors, Date from Iran statistics center and Jihad Ministry of Agriculture are used. Considering these factors the model that rural sustainable development of this area is low with regard to Date production activities and this situation cannot bring about rural sustainable development. One of the reasons is increase in the cost of Agricultural products on one hand and the low price of products on the other hand which result in the low added value. The income brings about rural sustainable development.