Journal of Applied Research in Chemistry
Year:2009 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

The chemical composition of the volatile oil obtained by hydro-distillation from the whole aerial parts of Salvia glutinosa L. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirtythree constituents were identified. Trans-caryophyllene (20.9%), germacrene D (18.0%) and a- caryophyllene (9.4%) were found to be the main components. Furthermore, the oil was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Radiopharmaceuticals are now increasingly used for therapy of cancer, palliation of pain secondary to bone metastasis and for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.165Ho (n, g) 166Ho is currently used for radiotherapy due to its attractive properties which include emission of high energy b- particles (Eb-1=1855 Kev (51%), Eb-2=1776 Kev (48%) and Eave=666 Kev), an appropriate physical half- life of 26.4 h and decay to stable daughter. In this research holmium oxide (Ho2O3, purity > 99.9%) was irradiated in Tehran research reactor (TRR) and four parameters mass, thermal neutron flux (j), bombarding time (tb) and cooling time (tc) were investigated. The best conditions for producing of 166Ho were achieved (m=2 mg, j=5.7x1013 n/cm2.s, tb=8 h, tc=40 h, correction factor 92%).

The bivariate calibration method was applied to the quantitative resolution of ethinylestradiol (ETE) and levonorgestrel (LEV) in pharmaceutical formulations and the results were compared with those given by first derivative spectrophotometry. In the bivariate spectrophotometric method, an optimum pair of wavelengths was chosen for the determination. The determination was performed at 240.4 nm for ETE and at 257.8 nm for LEV. In the first-derivative spectrophotometry determination of ETE and LEV was realized by measurements of amplitudes of derivative spectra corresponding to zero-crossing points of LEV and ETE at 241 and 248.4 nm, respectively. The proposed procedures were validated by using various synthetic mixtures with high percentage of recovery and good precision. Mean recovery values were found 103.4% and 102.9% for bivariate calibration method and 102.4% and 98.2 % for derivative spectrophotometry, respectively, for determination of ETE and LEV in synthetic mixtures. Also good agreement between the results obtained using the two procedures was found, which agreed also with the product label.

Glass-polyester composites were formed by hand lay up (HLU) moulding, with nominal volume fraction of 40% and nominal thickness of 6 mm. The effect of glass reinforcement geometry on the Mode-I and Mode-II were studied to measure interlaminar fracture energies of composites which are measures of the resistance to crack growth under tensile and in-plane shear, respectively. The results showed that the interlaminar fracture energies of composites and fracture mechanism are a function of glass reinforcement geometry.

The extraction of essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia tournefortiana was performed by hydrodistillation and identified by GC-MS methods.Twenty nine compounds were obtained that account for 97.3% of the total constituents in the essential oil. The main components were characterized by (E)-thujone (47.0%), sabinene (16.5%) and b-pinene (8.3%). This Artemisia was rich in monoterpenes.

The extreme vertices mixture design was applied for optimization of the NBR blend for hardness response. The 15 treatment combinations out of 29 candidate points investigated (as proposed by Minitab 14 software) Contained varying proportions of carbon black, sulfur, MBTS (Dibenzothiazyl disulfide), and Antioxidant as four variable factors while other factors were kept constant. The significant model coefficients are interpreted in term of interacting linear and quadratic effects of the NBR variable blend constituents. Based on the three dimensional surface, contour, and response trace plot, MBTS exhibits an adverse negative effect, while sulfur exhibits a strong positive effect on the hardness.Carbon black and antioxidant have, respectively, weak and moderate negative effect on the response. The model was used to predict the treatment combination of the NBR blend in the optimum hardness response. (Hardness response was 54.07, A: 3.52, B: 1.5467, C: 91.9733, D: 2.96). There is no significant difference between the result of the model and which obtained in the laboratory.

Two new dioxomolybdenum (VI) complexes [MoO2 (acac) LL'] (I) and [MoO2L2L2"] (II) [L=OC (CH3) CHCOCH3, L'=NH2C6H4NH2, L"=NH2C6H3CH3NH2] with diamine o-Phenylenediamine (OPDA) and 4- Methyl-o-Phenylenediamine (4-Me-OPDA) ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Compounds (I) (61% yield) and (II) (62% yield) were obtained from the reactions of MoO2 (acac)2 [acac=acetyl acetonato] with 1 equiv. of OPDA and 4-Me-OPDA.1H, 13C NMR, IR spectral data indicated that the ligands acted as unidentate and structures of both compounds were six-coordinated. The dioxomolybdenum (VI) complexes (I) and (II) are efficient catalysts for oxidation of alcohols with H2O2 as an oxidant.

The systems most commonly used for low level gamma radiation spectroscopy in seawater, are based on NaI (Tl) detectors, which are characterized by high detection efficiency and low cost.137Cs is the most important radioactive contaminant, produced from the atmospheric bomb tests, discharges from nuclear reprocessing plants, leaking of concealed nuclear waste and in general of the sea (ocean). To select gamma ray of radiocaesium counting detector in the sea water near Bushehr nuclear power plant (B.N.P.P), MCNP.4C were used to simulate three different dimensions of (2inx2in (long x diameter), 3inx3in and 6in x3in) cylindrical NaI (Tl) detectors and in turn the volume of sea water, and chemical and physical characteristics of the sea water near the B.N.P.P and optimum fluxes was calculated.Response of detectors to gamma radiations by using Monte Carlo code MCNP.4C for simulated condition was calculated. The obtained results showed that NaI (Tl) detector with 6in x3in dimension is a suitable detector for online radiocaesium monitoring in Bushehr sea water.