JOURNAL OF CROP BREEDING
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:25 |Papers Count:20

In order to evaluate the response of Tarom-mahali rice mutant lines to salinity in germination stage, study carried out as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Rice genotypes were includind 33 tarom-mahali mutant lines (M6 generation) and Hassani (tolerance), Tarom-mahali, Tarom Jelodar, Binam and IR29 (sensitive) cultivars. Salinity levels were including zero, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m. Length of shoot, length of radicle, shoot to radicle ratio, shoot dry weight, radicle dry weight, germination percentage and rate traits were measured. Salinity had a significant effect on all of the studied traits. Results showed that germination percentage and rates were decreased by the increase of salinity levels and tolerant genotypes had a more germinate. Based on the results, the lines studied in salinity of 12 dS/m were sensitive to salinity. But in salinity levels of 4 and 8 dS/m according to the characteristics measured, lines 1, 7, 3, 5, 2, 6, 15, 8, 4, 9 and 10 were tolerance to salinity. Also lines of 25 and 26 were sensitive to salinity.

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in crops that can reduce yield and yield components in terms of time, duration and severity of the stress. Current research was carried out in order to evaluate drought stress tolerance in rice genotypes. Experiment done in two separate schemes using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Research Field, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Guilan University in 2006. Irrigation was conducted equally as flooding until the beginning of tillering stage of genotypes in both stressed and non-stressed conditions, then irrigation was completely cut off in stressed condition, while it was full until the end of maturity in non-stressed condition. Results of mean comparison of different tolerance and susceptible indices based on paddy yield introduced Araguiua, Diwani, Domsefid, Dom sorkh and Hasan Saraei Atashgah as susceptible genotypes which these genotypes were the highest sensitivity to drought and produced the lowest paddy yield (1. 68, 1. 48, 1. 82, 1. 96, 2. 14 ton/ha respectively). Also genotypes such as Nemat, Sepidrood, IR64, Bejar and IR50 showed the highest tolerance to drought stress and have the highest paddy yield (7. 07, 4. 59, 4. 04, 4. 03 and 4. 38 ton/ha respectively), so that these genotypes are recommended for planting in dried conditions, as well as, cross parents for increasing drought tolerance of commercial variety. Results of principle components analysis identified two main components in drought conditions that were explained more than 98% of the variance of indices. Drawing by-plot based on two main components showed that the first component had high and positive correlation with YS, YP, MP, GMP, HM and STI, so it named as yield potential and drought tolerance. The second component had positive correlation with RDI and DRI indices and is called as drought response. Cluster analysis based on all studied traits using Ward method attributed genotypes into four groups. The estimation of groups mean and their differences from genotypes total mean showed that there were significant differences between groups for physiological and morphological traits.

Due to the high importance of fenugreek in terms of nutritional and medicine, improvement of genotypes with high yield seems to be essential. Yield is a quantitative trait that is affected by the genotype-environment interaction. In order to evaluate stability and adaptation for seed yield in fenugreek ecotypes, the experiment was carried out during growing season for three consecutive years 2011-2013 in Jiroft Station of Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP) of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Fenugreek ecotypes including Kerman, Kordestan, Mazandaran, Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Esfahan were studied in different environments which a number of variables iron, zinc and three different irrigation intervals in randomized complete block design with three replications were considered. Combined Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed genotype × environment interaction was significant for seed yield. Stability parameters including environmental variance (S2i), genotypic variation coefficient (CVi), Wricke's ecovalence, Shukla's stability variance and Eberhart-Russel Regression parameters were applied to study stability for yield. According to the results of Eberhart-Russel based on linear regression coefficients and deviation from linear regression, Kordestan ecotype with higher seed yield than the average, linear regression coefficient equal one (bi=1), as well as lowest deviation from the regression was identified as the most stable high performance genotype, while Kerman ecotype with higher regression coefficient than one (bi>1) and the highest yield was categorized as the most unstable genotype. Moreover, based on the other parameters, Kordestan and Mazandaran ecotypes were introduced as the most stable genotypes and Kerman ecotype as the most unstable genotype. Ilam ecotype was identified with general adaptation and low performance while Esfahan ecotype showed specific adaptation for the unfavorable environments.

Salinity stress is one of the main obstacles in crop production in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Plants' ability to neutralize the effect of salinity largely depends on the internal state K+ and Na+. In fact, maintaining high K+/Na+ ratio in Cytosol is a key element for tolerance to salinity. Rice, one of the most important food crops, a primary food source for more than one-third of the world’ s population. Rice is sensitive to salinity stress, so that, salt effects will extensively damage rice metabolic activities. This study has presented the effects of salinity on some physiological characteristics and genes expression patterns that coded for a number of ion channels in rice. In order to seed germination, the seeds of some cultivar (IR29, Sangtarom, and Jelodar) sterilized and then were placed in germinator. Salinity treatment (120 mM NaCl) were applied 14 days after culture. The leaf and root samples were collected at six time-courses (0, 6, 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours) after sodium chloride stress. Results of physiological assessments showed that the effects of genotype, sampling period and their interactions were significant at 1% level of probability on all measured traits including malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and proline contents. The concentration of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid of leaves were reduced in early hours of encountering with stress and then increasing the hours of stress, leaf thickness (leaf rolling) caused chlorophyll per leaf unit and increases the amount of chlorophyll. The measurement of MDA in the leaves showed that the greatest increase occurred in sensitive cultivar (IR29). Proline content analysis showed that there was no significant difference between proline content of sensitive and tolerant cultivars under normal condition (no stress), but by exposure to salinity stress, proline content was increased in susceptible more than tolerant cultivar. Proline content in Sangtaroom, as a salt tolerant genotype, has significantly increased in comparison with the control cultivar in 72, 120 and 168 (h) times. Consequently, the responses of sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars to the salinity stress are different from each other and measuring of some parameters such as MDA, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proline can help to improve the salt tolerance of plants.

In order to evaluate of lentil landrace genotypes response via germination and seedling traits to drought and salinity stress, one factorial experiment with three factors (drought, salinity and genotypes) on bias Completely Randomized Design was conducted with three replications at the laboratory of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz branch. The levels of factors were including two level of drought stress (control and-8 bar by PEG6000), three level of salinity (0, 2 and 4 ds/m by water of Oromyieh lake) and 15 landraces genotypes. Variance analysis result showed genotype×drought×salinity interaction was significant for all studied traits, which shows the different responses of genotypes to drought and salinity stress for all traits. Mean comparison of traits for interaction of genotype × drought × salinity showed that germination and seedling traits value in all genotypes was significantly reduced; however, this reduction was different in different genotypes. So Kaleybar and Shavi Varzeghan genotype expressed least reduction of these traits. The regression and path analysis for seedling weight showed length of root had the highest direct on seedling weight under drought and salinity stress.

Rice is one the most important crops in Iran and worldwide. Abiotic stresses including cold, restrict rice production. In order to saturation of linkage map in recombinant lines population caused by Sepidroud × Anbarbou crosses, an experiment was conducted using 96 recombinant lines and 40 ISSR markers at Gonbad Kavous University. 96 Recombinant lines were plant under hydroponic conditions for mapping of traits related to cold stress. Shoot weight, root weight, biomass, genetic score, leaf area, shoot length, root length and root thickness were recorded. Linkage map covered 1709. 29 cM of rice genome. Six QTLs mapped in cold stress. qCLA-5 had the highest effects on leaf area with LOD=3. 206 and explained 14. 3 percent of phenotypic variation. The results of present work can be used for improvement of cold tolerance in rice seedlings after determining marker validation.

Five wheat varieties were used to estimate gene action for morphological traits and yield and estimate the heritability of traits. The varieties including White Bolani, Brown Bolani, Tajan, Kealk and AS48 mutant have been crossed based on full diallel. The F2 genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute. Analysis of variance for all the traits revealed that the general combining ability was significant so these traits were controlled by additive genetic effects. The heritability of traits were high and therefore selection based on these will be successful. Additivedominance model was sufficient for this research and non-allelic effect weren’ t observed, therefore Hayman analysis was performed. Hayman’ s analysis of variance showed that the additive effects and non-additive effects control the traits. For number of spikelet per spike, second and third internodes diameter, second and third internodes length and leaf area traits, the average degree of dominance indicate that partial dominance controls these traits. Heyman’ s graphical analysis showed that partial dominance was involved in controlling these traits.

Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements in soil that become soluble form as Al+3 in high acidic soils, absorbed through the roots and affect on plants growth. Evaluating plant tolerance to environmental stresses in seedling stage is an important factor for selecting plant to cultivate in different conditions. In order to evaluate tolerance of 83 durum wheat advanced line at aluminum toxicity conditions in seedling stage, a factorial experiment based on Completely Randomized Design with two replications was performed. Stress levels were control and 2. 5 mM Al3+ and studied traits were number of roots, root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and root and shoot ratio. Results showed that stress levels had significant effects on all studied traits. Also, between durum wheat lines had significant difference and interaction of lines and stress levels were significant for all studied traits. The lines were evaluated using SIIG index. The 35, 58, 72, 75, 76, 77, 82 and 83 lines with higher SIIG index were tolerant to aluminum stress and the 11, 16, 21, 25, 26, 65, 66, 68 and 73 lines with lower SIIG index were suseptable to aluminum stress. Results of lines ranking based on SIIG index had full compliance with results of cluster analysis based on Ti idices.

To evaluate the genotype × environment interaction and determine the stable genotypes of wheat, 30 genotypes of bread wheat along with two controls namely Chamran and Chamran 2 were studied in 6 locations (Ahwaz, Darab, Dezful, Iranshahr, Khorramabad, Zabul) and two years (from 2013 to 2015), in each using an alpha lattice design with 4 replications. The results obtained from AMMI analysis demonstrated that the main effects of genotype, environment, genotype × environment interaction and the first four principal components were highly significant. The first four principal components justified around 90. 9% of the sum of squares of the interactions. By using the stability of the figures of the statistics lasting value AMMI (ASV), genotypes 2, 6, 14, 28 had the lowest (ASV) values. Genotypes 2, 6 and 14 with higher yields than the overall mean were identified as high yielding genotypes with stable performance. Drawing the biplot of the first principal component and the average yield for genotypes and environments suggested that genotypes 9, 28, 25, 12, 14, 10, 2 and 6 had low interactions, but genotypes 14, 10, 2 and 6 with higher than average yields and desired stability were selected. Biplot of the first two principal components showed that the interaction between genotypes 2, 6, 7 and 14 due to higher grain yield than the average of the total, were identified genotypes with good compatibility. Genotype grouping them into three groups based on the model SHMM placed in the first group of 22 genotypes, genotypes 9 in the second group and the third group was the only genotype 20.

Decrease of water resources in temperate regions of Kermanshah province has caused the maize cultivation area decreased form 45 thousand hectares in 2008 to 7 thousand hectares in the crop year of 2016. This study aimed to evaluate and selecting drought tolerant hybrids and increased irrigation water efficiency using eight commercial maize hybrids (KSC 704, KSC 705, KSC 703, KSC 700, KSC 647, KSC 670, KSC 500, KSC 400)in a randomized complete block design in 2013 and 2014. Irrigation practices consists of two levels: The first level was equal to100% of the corn crop water requirement based on meteorological data of Islamabad station and Second level was 70 percent of the corn crop water requirement. Measured traits including plant height and ear height, stem diameter, days to emergence of tassel ling, silking and physiological maturity, number of kernels per row, rows per ear, kernel depth, moisture content, percentage of cob, thousand kernel weight and grain yield. Correlation matrix analysis showed that correlation between two treats was significant at one percent and 13 treats were significant at the five percent. The correlation between the number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and grain yield, were significant and positive with 0. 839*, 0. 933**, 0. 831*, respectively. Based on the criteria of tolerance and sensitivity to stress as well as the results of bi-plot display and view the status of being genotype and indexes, cultivars (KSC 647), (KSC 703)as the most tolerant genotypes suitable for both stress and no stress and Hybrid(KSC 705) as the most highyield in varieties were identified in normal conditions. KSC 700 genotype was evaluated as the most susceptible genotypes.

One of the effective indirect selections methods for improving grain yield and its components is the selection index. In order to develop a suitable selection index for simultaneously increasing yield and its related traits, 100 sunflower inbred lines from different geographical origins were evaluated in randomized complete block designs with three replications at Urmia University in 2015 under normal and salt stress (8 dS/m) conditions. Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker indices based on 6 traits including plant high, head diameter, leaf number, one hundred seed weight, head dried weight and grain yield, as well as direct and correlated response of these traits were calculated in each one of salt stress conditions. Correlations between grain yield and selection indices were computed. The highest correlated responses were observed for plant height via seed yield (32. 16) and for grain yield via head diameter (14. 21) at normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. Head diameter with the highest correlated response for seed yield at normal and salt stress conditions can be considered as a suitable indirect trait for improving seed yield under both conditions. Smith-Hazel’ s third indices and Pesek-Bakker’ s third indices showed high heritability (0. 76, 0. 78), genetic correlations (0. 87, 0. 88) and relative efficiency (0. 87, 0. 88) and they help to identify the most superior genotypes same to direct selection by grain yield (16, 18) under both conditions. So, selection based on these indices potentially screens the high yielding lines. Based on results, the line ’ 71’ is introduced as superior line in normal and salt stress conditions.

Although the non-Iranian primary tritipyrum lines (NIPTLs) have been produce and have shown potential to be a new slat tolerant cereal, however, have a few undesirable traits such as brittle rachis, keep in tiller production and late maturity. In order to remove these traits, the crossing of NIPTLs with Iranian bread wheat cultivars led to new recombinant Iranian secondary tritipyrum lines. In this study the 13 non-Iranian primary tritipyrum lines (NIPTLs: 2n = 6x = 42; AABBEbEb) and Iranian secondary tritipyrum lines (ISTL: F6-F7; 2n=6x=42, AABBD(1-6)"Eb (1-6)"), 6 Iranian bread wheat cultivars and 1 promising triticale line were evaluated at two research centers using an alpha lattice design with two replications under normal (1 dS m-1) and salinity stress ( 12dS m-1) conditions during growing seasons of 2014-2016 at Kerman province of Iran. The results indicated grain yield was strongly affected by salinity with reduction ratio of 11. 06, 9. 37, 4. 30, 4. 98, 7. 98, 12. 58, in Iranian chromosomally recombinant secondary individuals tritipyrum plants obtained from crosses such as (Cathlicum × Ma/b), (Falat× Ma/b), {Omid × (Ka/b)(Cr/b)}, {Niknejad × (Ka/b)(Cr/b)}, (Shotordandan × ka/b), (Roushan × Az/b), respectively, in comparison with Non Iranian Primay Ttritipyrum Lines (NIPRLs) (3. 48), Iranian bread wheat cultivars (19. 90) and promising triticale line (15. 87) The evaluation of stress tolerance indices showed that STI could effectively be used for screening of salinity tolerant genotypes because it had the highest correlation coefficients with grain yield. The (Cr/b) × (Ka/b) line of NIPTLs and the lines obtained from Niknejad × (Ka/b)(Cr/b) and Omid × (Ka/b)(Cr/b) crosses showed the highest average breeding value which will be suitable for breeding programs of ISTLs lines with high yield potential in saline soils and brachish waters.

Application of wild type crops or wild relatives’ cultivars that are halophyte in plant breeding program would provide better results in order to develop cultivars that are resistant toward drought as well as salinity. Recently, Aeluropus littoralis has attracted the attention of researcher in order to identify novel genes and their regulatory elements that are involved in salinity stress. Currently, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) is one of the best and sensitive techniques in order to determine the expression profiling of genes in plants. In this method, normalizations of the obtained data with appropriate housekeeping genes are certainly crucial. In the current research, the efficiency of seven reference genes to be employed in the normalization of the data was investigated. Statistical analysis of the data was done via geNorm program and it was demonstrated that the ACT11, Beta Actin and Beta tubulin and Beta tubulin and Beta Actin were constitutively expressed in leaf as well as roots, respectively. Based on the gained results through Best Keeper, the ACT11 poses the highest correlations with the BestKeeper (0. 836 and 0. 722 in leaf and root respectively). Additionally, it was shown that the Beta tubulin has the lowest coefficient variation in term of expression in root and leaf. Taken together, it was evidently demonstrated that the ACT11, Beta Actin and Beta tubulin are the best reference gene to be employed for the normalization of expression data in the Aeluropus littoralis.

Considering to drought stress importance as most important limiting factor in rice production in world, identification of tolerant genotypes to drought can be a valuable approach to deal with the drought stress. In the present experiment plant materials contains 53 rice genotypes including 31 aerobic and 22 lowland (landrace) rice that were grown in two conditions under drought stress and normal as randomized complete block design with three replications in Sangar Rasht, Iran. The 18 plant characteristics including morphological traits, yield and yield components were measured. The results of ANOVA revealed for all traits differences among genotypes were significant at 0. 01 probability level that showing high level diversity and different reaction of varieties among genotypes under two conditions. The cluster analysis assigned all genotypes in three groups in each condition. In normal condition second group with 21 memberships including 14 aerobic genotypes and 7 lowland genotypes gained average of yield traits such as grain yield, weight of total plant panicle, weight of main stem panicle, number of total grain, number of filled grains higher than other genotypes. Under drought stress condition the most desirable genotypes belonged to the second group. This group contains 19 aerobic genotypes and 4 lowland genotypes in term of traits related to yield including weight of total plant panicle, weight of main stem panicle, grain yield, dry weight of plant, 1000 grain weight, number of total grain and number of filled were better than other genotypes. Totally 11 aerobic genotypes and 2 lowland genotypes (Dorfak and Gohar) were in better group in term of grain yield and yield components.

In order to evaluate oil yield stability in oilseed rape genotypes and genotype environment interaction, 22 oilseed rape genotypes were evaluated using RCBD design with 4 replications in Agricultural Research Station of Islam Abad-e-Gharb during 3 cropping seasons in normal and delayed sowing date conditions. Combined variance analysis showed that genotype, environment and genotype environment interaction were statistically significant. Proportion of environment effect followed by genotype environment interaction was so greater than genotype effect. Based on biplot of two first genotype environment interaction components, that explains proportion of oilseed rape genotypes in genotype environment, genotypes Parade, Kristinia, Goliath, Shiralee, Kimberly and Elect were located next to center of biplot so that had the least proportion for the Genotype Environment effect and were stable from the viewpoint of oil production. AMMI stability values (ASV) of genotypes confirmed the above mentioned results. Hyola401 and Zarfam were located away from the center of biplot so that were unstable genotypes for oil production. Biplot display indicated that environments E1, E3 and E4 had the most scores for genotype environment interaction whereas E2 had the least proportion in genotype environment interaction effect. Dissimilarity in ranking of selected genotypes from the viewpoint of oil yield based on other stability parameters suggests that it would be better using of numerous stability parameters to reliable and accurate selection of stable genotypes.

selection tolerant cultivars of wheat (as a strategic plant) under drought stress by using traits that are less affected by the environment, increases efficiencies. In this regard, in order to study some genetic parameters of physiological and agronomical traits and also genetic diversity in spring wheat cultivars under normal irrigation (control) and drought stress conditions in booting stage, a split plot experiment (two stress levels as main plots and 20 wheat cultivars as subplots) was done based on Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications during two cativation years 2011-12 and 2012-13 research farm of agriculture faculty, University of Tabriz, Iran. Based on the results of genetic parameters, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of fertile tillers, number of spike per plant, seed yield, root number per plant, root diameter, leaf specific area and osmotic potential had more amounts for genetically variance, heritability and genetic improvement under control condition. While, in addition to these traits except grain yield; number of seeds per plant, root length, root volume and root dry weight under stress conditions have more genetic variance, heritability and genetic improvement. Other traits because having low amounts genetic parameters for using selection of superior cultivars under drought stress not recommended. Also dendrogram of cluster analysis based on desirable studied traits divided cultivars into four groups in terms of stress condition and non-stress conditions in the three groups that according to cluster analysis grouped under water stress, Marvdasht, Niknejhad, Moghan3, Darya and Kavir cultivars as the most tolerant and also Pishtaz, Bam, Sistan, Sepahan and Bahar identified as the most sensitive cultivars.

Identification of the appropriate dose for mutagen material is the most important step in setting experiment and creating mutant genetic material. According to a definition the most appropriate dose of mutagen is a dose that causing a reduction of 50% survival or 30% growth, compared to control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma radiation (0 as a control, 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gary) on the early growth characteristics for determining the appropriate dose of gamma irradiation in wheat cultivar Sardari. Therefore, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory and greenhouse. Data analysis of seed germination experiment showed significant difference in all traits including rootlet length, stemlet length, fresh weight of rootlet, fresh weight of stemlet, dry weight of rootlet and dry weight of stemlet, the exception of germination rate. Analysis of data obtained from a greenhouse, also showed significant difference in plant height and survival percentage. Based on the best fitted regression model and probit analysis determined a dose causing reduction of 50% survival or 30% growth, compared to control. It was in the range between 200 to 300 Gary, for Sardari cultivar. It could help to create adequate genetic diversity by applying this range of gamma radiation, for using in the wheat mutation breeding programs.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. ) is an only oilseed crop which, is native to Iran where, is known as its diversity center. The genetic variation study provides valuable information about maintenance and their usage of germplasm for breeders to increase efficiency of breeding programs. In the current study, sixty-four genotypes were assessed for 20 agronomic nag morphological traits for genetic variation evaluation of in safflower. The number of wizened seeds per lateral capitulum trait had the greatest CV (coefficient of variation) while the diameter of lateral capitulum trait indicated the lowest CV. Also, some traits including seed weight of lateral capitulum, number of lateral branches, number of capitula per lateral branches, diameter of main capitulum, yield of single plant, thousand seed weight and seed yield showed relatively high CV amounts. Results of cluster analysis through morphological traits and based on Euclidean distance and Ward method showed that there were five different clusters. The genotypes of the third cluster had high values in some important traits such as thousand seed weight, seed yield and oil content while the genotypes of the other clusters were high in number of capitulum and harvest index traits. Cluster analysis according to agronomic and morphological traits could not separate safflower genotypes based on their geographical origins whereas Iranian genotypes were located in different clusters which shows Iranian genotypes had high genetic variation. Therefore, regarding this mismatch of genetic variation and geographical origin, it is better to select safflower genotypes for breeding programs using genetic variation. Also, local Iranian landraces can be used as a rich genetic source for safflower for breeding programs.

In order to study of variability, relationship among traits, direct and indirect effects of traits influencing grain yield, 18 lines and cultivars of bread wheat were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2009-2012 cropping seasons. Coefficients of genotypic and phenotypic variability showed that lines had high genetic variation for peduncle length, grain yield and number of spikes per square meter. High genetic variability revealed that these traits could be improved via selection. Heritability was relatively low for grain yield, biological yield and number of grains in spike and was high for peduncle length, days to maturity, plant height, spike weight and spike length. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain obtained for peduncle length, spike length, number of spikes per square meter and spike weight showed that selection for these traits could be effective. Results of path analysis showed that spike weight, number of grains in spike, biological yield and peduncle length had positive direct effect on grain yield. Also, indirect effects of number of spike per square meter via spike weight on grain yield could be considered for genotypes selection with high yield.

Six rainfed durum wheat genotypes (Chehel daneh, Gerdish, Zardak, Syrian-1, Waha and Knd1149//68/ward) and their complete diallel progenies of F1 generation were evaluted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Analysis of variance indicated genetic differences among genotypes. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all of the studied traits except hundred grain weight (HGW). Specific combining ability (SCA), reciprocal and non-maternal effects were significant for grain yield (GY), HGW and flag leaf area (FLA). The results indicated low values of narrowsense heritability and superiority of dominance effect for plant height (PH), GS, GY, HKW and FLA. The cross of Waha × Knd1149//68/ward with high value of GY and GCA for this trait can be used as a suitable cross for use of heterosis. This cross was also superior to their parents according HGW, NGS and SL. Gerdish can be used as a suitable parent for breeding programs to receive lines with high yield and yield components according to positive and significant GCA for number of spikelets per spike, SL, NGS, GY and FLA. According to predominance of additive effects in genetic control of number of spikelets per spike and spike length, selection can be useful for improvement of these traits, while selection was not applicable in primary generations and should be delayed for the other traits untill advanced generations.