JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION RESEARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES IN PLANT SCIENCES)
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

In order to evaluate methanol effect on Radiation Use Efficiency, Photosynthetic Active Radiation and Extinction Coefficient of soybean, a field experiment done in the basis of randomized complete block design with three replication in faculty agricultural of Islamic Azad university, karaj branch in 2008. First factor was sprayed aqueous solutions 0 (control), 7, 14.21, 28 and 35% (v/v) methanol in 3 times during growth season of soybean with 12 days intervals on shoot of soybean. In this study were measured: grain yield, dry matter, and optimum leaf area, Radiation Use Efficiency, Extinction Coefficient and Crop Growth Rate. Analyses of variance results showed that foliar application of methanol was effective on Radiation Use Efficiency and there is a significant difference between applying treatments in 5% level of possibility. Mean comparing shows that, the most quantity of Radiation Use Efficiency was belonging to 21% methanol aqueous solution level that in comparing with control has an increase of 15%. As well as results show that after 96 days passing of planting, a significant difference in accumulation Photosynthetically Active Radiation by soybean bush was observed in different methanol treatments. Sprayed methanol solution do not have any effects on Extinction Coefficient, but in spite of this, Extinction Coefficient in comparing with other level shows a decrease in level of 21%. Methanol foliar application increased seed yield, Radiation Use Efficiency, Total Dry Weight and Leaf Area Index.

In order to study susceptibility and tolerance of rapessed cultivars (Brasica napus L.) under limited irrigation condition in 2005 and farm of seed and plant improvement research institute an experiment was conducted in form split plot design based on complete block design with four replications. Irrigation as main factor in two levels (Normal irrigation, after 80 mm evaporated water from class A evaporation pan and limited irrigation, stop irrigated after stem elongation stage) and rapeseed cultivars in twenty levels as sub factor. The results showed that irrigation had significant effect on 1000 seed weight, number of pods in plant, seed number in pods, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and oil yield. In limited irrigation seed yield, biologic yield, harvest index and seed oil yield respectively decreased 42, 16, 23 and 50 percent compared to normal irrigation. Plant height, branch, pod number in main stem and pod number in branch had significant and positive correlation with seed and biologic yield.

In order to study chlorophyll a, b and proline reaction of corn (SC704) to different light stress levels and density in Karaj, an experiment carried out in split plot design in the basis of randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in 1996. The experimental treatment included: Light radiation (R) in 2 levels complete radiation or %100 of light and %23 of normal radiation as main factor and density (D) in the basis of plant distance in rows (D) in 3 levels 8 cm (d1), 15 cm (d2) and 22 cm (d3) as sub factor.The variance analysis result of density effect on chlorophyll a, b was significant at%5 level and on prolin was not significant but in this condition maximum amount of chlorophyll a and b with 1.95, 0.55 mg/g and prolin with 0.012 µ g/g observed in 8 cm distance on planting rows. The Effect of light radiation on chlorophyll a and b was significant at %5 level and was not significant on prolin amount. In this condition the highest amounts of chlorophyll a and b with 2.30 and 0.67 and prolin with 0.015 belonged to light stress condition. ‎The ‎Interaction effect of light radiation and density on chlorophyll a and b and prolin was not significant, but on Seed and biological yield were Significant. Maximum amount of seed yield with 2000 kg/ha belonged to 22 cm of plant distance on rows distance.

In order to study of four wheat cultivars (Falat, Nik-nejad, Roshan and Chamran) tolerance to salt stress an experiment done in Research Station of Islamic Azad University Eghlid Branch in two years (2008 and 2009) . Four salinity treatments (1 as contro l, 3, 5 and 7 ds/m) were used. The experimental design was a split plot in which salt treatments were arranged as main plots and cultivars as subplots, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured characters were yield and yield components and poly and disaccharides content. The present study demonstrated that the number of spike and grain per plot were reduced significantly by stress. Grain weight was less sensitive to stress. Biological and grain yields were decreased by stress. Among the cultivars, Falat had the lowest and Chamran the highest grain and biological yield. Biological yield differences were related to lower plant height and tiller/plant. The grain yield differences were caused by reduction in ear per plant and grain per ear. Salinity caused decreasing in poly saccharide content. But stress increased sucrose and fructan contents. In general, Falat cultivar showed lowest yield and yield component and Chamran was in contrast.

In order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen and plant density levels on yield and yield components of rape seed variety Tower a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Ramin Agricultural Complex in the northeast of Ahvaz. The experiment was laid out in a split plot on the basis of complete block design with four replications that placed nitrogen levels (45, 90, 135 and 180 kg N ha-1 ) in the main plots and different plant densities (16.6, 25 and 50 plants m-2 ) in sub plots. Results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer, significantly increased the seed yield, number of pods m-2 , number of seeds pod-1 and 1000-seeds weight. Effect of plant density on seed yield was not significant; nonetheless, with increase plant density, number of pods m-2 was increased, but, number of seeds pod-1 and 1000-seeds weight were decreased. The maximum seed yield (350.97 g m-2 ) was obtained when 180 kg N ha-1 was applied in 16.6 plants m-2 that had not significant different with application of 135 kg N ha-1 in 50 plants m-2.

In order to study the effects of drought stress on yield and agronomical characters of three plants in normal irrigation and drought stress, the experiment was doing with Split Plot based on Completely Randomized Block Design with four replications in Agricultural Research Station of Khoy in 1387. Irrigation was tested as the main factor in three levels: after 80, 120 and 160 (±5) mm evaporation of class A evaporation pan, and plant type as sub factor in three levels of millet (panicum miliacum cv. Notrifeed), sorghum (sorghum cv. Pagah) and corn (zea mays cv. Ksc 704). The results showed that there was significant difference between irrigation level, from the point of view of plant height, fresh and dry forage yield, and proteins percentage. The yield of fresh forage in irrigation level after 80, 160 (mm) after evaporation was average 97.7 and 80.2 tons ha-1 respectively Also, there is significantly difference between different plant levels from the point of view in all characters. Regarding the obtained results, the yield of fresh forage in corn and millet had maximum and minimum amount, respectively with the average of 103.9, 62.2 tons ha-1. There wasn't significant difference between interactive effects of irrigation levels and plant type in all characters.

In order to study the salinity effects on ten genotypes of St. Johns Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) this study conducted in 2009 at seed technology lab of Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, in the basis of completely randomized design including salinity levels of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM Nacl treatments with three replications. The experimental Laboratory characters contains: percentage and speed of germination, length of root and shoot, length of plantlet, ratio of Soot/Root, seed vigour. The result showed that salinity had significant different (P<0/01) on all of characters. Also, jannat genotype didn’t have any germination in 200 and 300 mM of Nacl. This genotype in the case of all characters except ratio of Soot/Root had higher resistance than other genotypes.

Latent period is one of important components of resistance to wheat yellow rust. In order to study mode of inheritance of latent period a resistant cultivar, Elitelep was crosses to susceptible cultivar of Bolani and F 1, F 2, BC 1 and BC 2 generations were produced. The parents and progenies were inoculated by 6E130A+pathotype of yellow rust. The days to first pustule emergence was recorded as latent period. Generation mean analysis was performed by Joint Scaling method of Mather and Jinks. Degree of dominance was lower than 1 indicating partial dominance Additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance gene interactions were significant. Average mount of broad-sense (85%) and narrow-sense heritabilities were high indicating low influence of environment on latent period and importance of additive gene action, respectively. Two genes were estimated as the least number of controlling factors for latent period.