JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION RESEARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES IN PLANT SCIENCES)
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Chemical control of Geranium disectum L. (Gd) was investigated in the greenhouse and canola field in rotation with rice during 2010-2011. Two experiments were carried out in the greenhouse, arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 10 replications. First experiment included canola herbicides: trifluralin, clopyralid, metazachlor+quinmerac, dimethachlor+napropamide+ chlomazone, dimethachlor and weed free check. The second experiment included wheat herbicides: 2, 4-D + MCPA, tribenuron methyl, bromoxynil + MCPA, iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron, sulfosuluron + metosulfuron, and weed free check. Successful canola herbicides were then tested again, in a low land canola field. The experiment was carried out in a randomized completely blocks design with four replications and seven treatments. The results indicated that the best chemical control of Gd in canola fields was metazachlor + quinmerac at 2.5L/ha preemergence. To control Gd in wheat fields, use of 2, 4-D + MCPA, mecoprop + dichloprop-P+ MCPA, bromoxynil + MCPA or sulfosuluron + metosulfuron are recommended.

Barley is one of the most important crops growing under various climatic conditions. For breeding purposes, cultivated areas of Iran have been categorized into three environmental regions of which barley breeding program in cold zone is being conducted in eight agricultural research stations namely Arak, Ardebil, Hamedan, Jolgeh Rokh, Karaj, Miandoab and Mashhad. Since performance of a given genotype might vary from one location/year to another one, studying genotype ´ environmentinteraction (G´E) becomes important. Moreover, eligibility of cultivar release depends on our knowledge obtained by investigating G´E effect on stability of promising breeding lines. In the present study, in order to study stability and adaptability of 19 genotypes (with national check) an experiment was carried out in the above mentioned stations during two consecutive cropping seasons. The experimental trials were based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Various stability analyses was undertaken to study G´E interaction: 1- Regression based analysis e.g. Eberhart and Russell or Finlay and Wilkinson methods; 2- Variance based analyses e.g. Plaisted or Wrickemethods; and non-parametric analyses e.g. mean or coefficient of variation of Rank method. Different analyses applied led us to various results in which to some extend dissimilarities were shown. However, the analyses in many cases were able to confirm each other in presenting the most and the least stable genotype over the environments studied. Overall, the promising line no. 17 (MAKOUEE//ZARJOW/80-5151) was recognized as the best genotype examined in terms of being a high yielding and stable genotype, therefore these genotype was recommended for on-farm trials an release.

Agro physiological response of cotton to nitrogen source and Zinc amount application under saline condition was studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replications in Bardaskan's Astan Ghods Razavi farm research at 2011-2012. Factors were nitrogen source (Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea) and different levels of zinc (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg.ha-1 as Zinc sulfate). The results showed that plant height, chlorophyll content, nitrogen percent, Cl- and Na+ content in leaves was affected by nitrogen fertilizer source while cotton yield was not affected by the type of fertilizer. Application of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate was better than other source for all traits. Increasing of zinc level increased plant height, chlorophyll c, nitrogen content and decreased Cl- and Na+ content in leaves. There was no significant difference between 60 and 80 kg.ha-1 zinc application. Overall, zinc improved plant growth under salt-affected soil conditions and 40 Kg.ha-1 zinc application and nitrogen as ammonium nitrate were enhanced physiological parameters of cotton.

In order to study the effect of salicylic acid and superabsorbent polimers on yield and yield components of dry land chickpea Var Hashem, an experiment was carried out in research farm of Islamic Azad University - Arak Branch in 2011. The experimental design was factorial based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments were included salicylic acid at four levels 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2mM and superabsorbent polimers at three levels 0, 9 and 18 kg ha-1. The results showed that salicylic acid, superabsorbent and their interaction effects on number of pod per plant, grain weight per pod, grain yield and biological yield was significant. Foliar application of 1.2 mM salicylic acid increased grain yield by 25% as compared with control. The maximum of number of pod per plant (40.73) grain weight per pod (10.33 gr) number of main branch per plant (1.11), biological yield (793.6 kg ha-1) and grain yield (459 kg ha-1) was obtain from interaction effect of 18 kg ha-1 superabsorbent along with foliar application of 0.4 mM salicylic acid. The results also showed that by using salicylic acid and superabsorbent under drought condition can obtain acceptable yield.

Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of methanol foliar application and drought stress on soybean yield during 2008 in maahdasht (Karaj, Azad University, Iran). Three levels of irrigations (Irrigations after 40%, 60% and 70% depletion of available water) and 4 doses of methanol (0%, 14%, 21% and 28% volume of methanol + 0.2% glycine in each solutions) assignee in a split plot arrange of treatment with four replications. Three times foliar application was done according to 14 days intervals on plants and Grain yield, Relative Water Contents, membrane stability, Chlorophyll traits were evaluated. The results indicated that there was significant difference between irrigations levels, methanol doses and their interaction effects. Treatment of T1M3 (40% available water and 21% of methanol) had highest yield with the 2890.5 kg/ha. Treatment T3M1 (70% available water and 14% of methanol) with 1384.5 kg/ha gained to the lowest grain production.

To study the Effect of Boric acid foliar application on yield and yield components of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. An experiment was done as factorial in the basis of completely randomized blocks design with 4 replications at research field of Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Rey branch during 2010. The Bor foliar application concentration factor from Boricacid source in three levels (0, 1.5/1000 and 3.0/1000) and Rapeseed cultivars factor in 3 levels (Licord, Modena and SLM046) were considered. The Results showed that cultivars had significant difference according to seed yield and Licord and SLM 046 with 3882.08 kg/ha and 3187.25 kg/ha produced maximum and minimum seed yield, alternatively. The mentioned cultivars showed the best and worth yield components too. The seed yield in 1.5/1000 (3764.92 Kg/ha) and 3.1000 (3684.50 Kg/ha) boron foliar application treatment located in the similar and best statistical group and non-boron consumption gained to lowest seed yield (3318.25 Kg/ha). Boric acid and cultivars interaction effect was significant on all experimental traits at 5% level of probability. In this case 1.5/1000 boron spraying showed the highest seed yield for Licord (4096.25 Kg/ha) and non-foliar application in SLM046 gained to lowest seed yield (2980.25 Kg/ha). It seems that Licord was showed the best response to all boric acid levels consumption.

A experiment has peformed in the center of Dashtenaz of sari at cultiuation year 2011, in order to study the response of silage corn S.C 540 to planting density and pattern in different delayed cultivation times after rice harvesting. This experiment has performed as split split plots on the basis of completly randomized blocks design in four repetitions. Three levels of planting dates (Augst 16, Augst 26 and Sep 5) were selected as main factor and two patterns of planting contains: one-rowed and two-rowed zig zag selected as sub plots and three planting densities (75000, 90000 and 105000 plants per hectar) were chosen as sub- sub plots. Delay in planting to Sep 5 has caused decrease in corn length (9.5%), corn diameter (33.3%), corn weight (42.2%) and fresh forage yield (13%) consequently. The least corn fresh weight to total weight and the highest ratio of fresh leaf weight to total weight were conducted at Sep 5. Lenght, diameter and weight of corn and ratio of fresh corn weight to total weight for two–rowed and zig zag planting were more than on- rowed form and lineary planting method. However maximum fresh forage yield in the form of zig zag two-rowed (40155.4 kg/ha) were 9.9% more than lineary one-rowed. The highest fresh forage yield (40637.3) were seen at 105000 plant per hectar and after decrease in planting density to 75000 plant per hectar, the mentioned character decreased to 13.5%, because the length of corn (10.2%) and its diameter (11.1%) were declined. The most fresh forage yield gained under Augst 16, 90000 and105000 planting densities. So 105000 plants per hectar in the form of two- rowed and zig zag form on Augst 16 recomendes for summer delayed cultivation after rice harvesting.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a foliage vegetabale and medicinal plant which is gaining rapid popularity. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications was used to evaluate the effects of some organic fertilizers on quantative and qualitative traits of coriander involving leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, diameter of flower, plant height, chlorophyll content, Crop Growth Rate, Leaf Area Index, leaf Na+ and P content, and leaf Relative Water content. Treatments were contains: A: Control without using fertilizers, B: Vermicompost, C: Barvar–2 (Phosphate biofertilizer), D: Nitroxin, E: Barvar–2 with nitroxin and vermicompost, F: Vermicompost with Nitroxin, G: Nitroxin with Barvar–2 H: Barvar–2 with vermicompost. The results showed that the treatments barvar – 2 + vermicompost + nitroxin and barvar- 2 had the highest stimulatory effect on phosphorus amount and nitroxin increased the nitrogen content in coriander too. Nitroxin+vermicompost using increased relative water content.