Research in Contemporary World Literature
Year:2020 | Volume:24 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:15

the Literature is a culture extract and crystallization of the collective attitude of a nation to a time when the image is written or oral but One aspect that has been overlooked in contemporary literature, according to contemporary fiction ties with the political process is time. Postcolonial involved in the effects of colonialism on the cultures and societies. In this study, the famous novel(Hamsayeha) "neighbor" by Ahmad Mahmoud and the novel (Zakerat Al Jasad) "Memories of bady" Ahlam Al Mstghanmy been studied from the perspective of postcolonial reading. . . The findings and analysis of postcolonial its components (East-West confrontation, the poor, the other, consciousness) suggest that Ahlam Al Mosteghanemi and Ahmed Mahmoud in the novel Thakirati Jasid and neighbors using direct and indirect interpretations seeks to explore and critique effort in order to destroy the identity and independence of neo-colonialism, political, cultural, social and economic Orient nations, especially Islamic countries.

Prose poem is a literary genre that become commonly practiced due to French literature and the Lebanese journal of Poetics. Despite pros and cons toward such genre, it is within the contemporary Arabic poetry and criticism. This article considers the quiddity, aesthetic, and reading of prose poetry significant in relation to meaning. The beauty of the prose poem can be sought in a different way and exploration of meaning. In this research, the fundamental question is based on the nature of this type of genre and how to understand its aesthetic aspects. To comprehension its meaning a complete dissociation of the traditional literary thinking is required. The formation of prose poem in Arabic is founded on semantics embarked by poets such as Adonis and Ounsi el-Hajj on fields of ontological and philosophical hermeneutics. It sets the ground for broad and continuous creation of semantics.

In this query the authors after analyzing and comparing the horrific novel Dracula and the ancient myth Zahaak concluded that two works have many similarities in contrary to their heterogenous superstructure. The basic principles of Zahaak myth are manifested in the contemporary novel Dracula as in both works the antiheroes are ugly and demon, in both of them, the antiheroes return to the world after the death or release of the captivity and going to ruin the world and love the darkness, in both of them anima, wise master and shadow have activity action, in both of them the antiheroes convey devilish spirit to others and anima release from the shadow or in the other words, rain clouds is released from the drought dragon and in both of them, antiheroes are cannibal, sorcery and being metamorphosis.

The search of love and perfection is one of the main topics of cultural and artistic heritage of the world. The cosmopolitan aspect of this issue justifies its influence on the works of several writers. Mantiq-ot-Teir of Attar illustrates this subject in the form of “ seven valleys of love” . André e Ché did, the french language writer, has also demonstrated this process in one of her short stories named “ The man-trunk and his traveler” . She represents in this story the life of two characters who complete each other, and at last they become unified. In fact, we can distinguish implicitly the seven valleys of love in this story as the same order mentioned in Mantiq-ot-Teir. Therefore, a comparative study of these texts, by profiting from the theoretical bases of Riffaterre’ s intertextuality, lets us finding the similarities between the viewpoints of Attar and Ché did concerning seven valleys of love and verifying the why and wherefore of resemblances and commun features of this subject.

Bahram Sadeghi and Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clé zio are both innovative contemporary writers. Considering that these two writers are pioneers of the postmodern period of fiction in their countries, and that during this time, they wrote their two famous novels, Malakut (1350) and Interrogation (1963), this question is to be seen: to what extent postmodern writing components are similar in their mentioned works? It is worth noting that the social and historical conditions for the writing of these two novels strengthen their similarity assumption: Interrogation was written after Algerian war and Malakut was created after the coup d’ é tat of August twenty eight. Examining the affinities between these two novels could be also interesting because the postmodern concept is not the same in different cultures and societies. In this paper, based on the most common elements of postmodern writing in these two works, we study the theme of death thought, duality and contradiction, and finally, the enigmatic aspect of the narration.

The present study aimed to provide a fresh reading of Emile Verhaeren’ s Les Campagnes Halluciné es (1893) and Les Villes Tentaculaires (1895) in light of psychological criticism. The concept of city in his work in meaningfully linked to the metaphor of mother and manifests different and sometimes contradictory aspects: city as mother (an embodiment of strength), the manifestation of ferocity and terrible male mother as the herald of simultaneous life and death. It seems that retrieving the desire, the sole path to the reconnaissance of spiritually suffering human, constitutes a symbol, image and reflection of malevolent mother and a trigger for insatiable desires. But the question is whether the world question will eventually be freed from thee dominance of cities. In the recent poems, freedom from the dominance of Godmother is the expression of the unconscious desire, which does not stand much chance in the face of its stunning power.

Text-based approaches in the study of literary texts of the early twentieth century emerged under the influence of linguistics-based approaches in which The Russian linguists and the school formalism had the most contribution in the changes in literary criticism of twentieth-century. In the way that in the analysis of literary texts they believed that all the valuable things of a literary work are hidden in itself and factors such as historical containers, construction of a literary work or the purpose of it and the importance of the poet's life are the later priorities. Formalism is manifested in the literature of different nations, especially in Russian literature with the advent of great figures such as Jakobson, Shklovsky etc. and in Arab literature owes to the term oriented efforts of great figures such as Jahez and Ghodame ebne Jafar and Abdul Ghaher Jurjani. And its signs in contemporary Arab literature are visible in the works of great figures such as Amin Nakhla, SalahAbdul Saboor etc.

Concerning the time component in the review of the story indicated that the quality of the events narrated in the text is slightly different from the fictional level and the text except in three phenomena have no other time disparity and it is in chronological order. This time disparity is toward immediate past and in some cases is toward distant past and scope of the disparity is also subject to the short period of time. Time allocated in the narrative text comparing to time spent for the events in the story is shorter and the text has a positive acceleration. The Frequencies are singular, repeated and echoed. The narrator enjoys the communicative, approval and ideological roles. . Considering the voice component, the author applied the first person, implicit I, objective I, I champion and also second-person in the narration within the story and in telling the story he has used the omniscient dramatic narration.

The isolationist hero in the romantic work has a bright front. The Romantic hero explores the inside by exploring the world and contacting nature. This action is not necessarily in the face of modernity, but rather reflects the nostalgia of humanity far removed from its roots and nature. In the twentieth century, under the influence of writers like Proust and Joyce, the hero's isolation and introspection again came into being, which was quite different from romantic isolation. Here, the quest for identity in the modern world becomes a major challenge for the hero and writer. In this article, we seek to elucidate the style of isolation of the hero with the modern world and to show how isolation has enabled a resistance to the modern world and its imposed values, by examining the narrative and enunciative analysis of the two novels, Cursing of the Land by Al-e Ahmad and the Interrogation by Le Clezio.

Literary translation and especially Poetry translation is very difficult and many people are of the opinion that it is impossible. Moreover, Persian Poetry has a special figures of speech, rhythm and prosody and is more difficult to translate. Rubaiyat of Khayyam is one of the literary masterpieces that is full of spirit of Iranian Culture and cannot be translated easily. Nevertheless, many translators from different language have tried to translate these poems to their language. For example, English translation of Rubaiyat of Khayyam by Edward Fitzgerald and Peter Avery and John Heath. Translation method of Edward Fitzgerald is free and Avery and Heath’ method is literal and has be done about hundred years after Fitzgerakd’ s translation. In this research, we study and compare Fitzgerald's translation with Avery's one to show the strong and weak points of each translation and understand which translation has been more successful in transforming poetic conception of Khayyam's thought and who understand better the conception of Rubaiyat.

The Octavio Paz ’ s sunstone is one of the letters that has borrowed to Shamloo and helped him to obtain a new and dependent speech. this debt sometimes is full of passivity so that more than using and reflecting the words, concepts and images like a mirror conduce to equality in syntactic structure and sometimes this similarity is so deep that conduce to create great news and causes to escape from written regulations of speech system the deep presence of principles of Octavio’ s thinking school in some poems of Shamloo avoid far readers from gaining and realizing his secondary system of mind and his speech he under the effect of Paz instead of creating a surrealistic situation create a deep surrealistic concept in his poems and sometimes under the effect or in impressible of Octavio present spiritual and ideological syntactic combinations which are based on content and spatial logic or think Shamloo exactly like Paz has specific attention to time and escaping from it and both.

Archetypal criticism is one of the modern literal theories based on psychological theories based on Jung ideas. While studying and examining the archetypes of a work, it is revealed, in this type of criticisms how they are understood by the author. Based on these studies, heroic journey is possible in order to achieve the perfection and individuality dream. The present article aims to review Malakut by Bahram Sadeghi from the perspective of archetypal criticism relying on the fundamentals of Carol. S. Pearson and Huo. k. Marr are based on 12 archetypes of awakening heroes. The author tries to introduce these archetypes briefly and also show the fictional characters manifesting these archetypes, following individuation and taking heroic journey. The findings show that Malakut is full of archetypes and due to its psychological approach, it can be analyzed based on archetypal theories.

To be reflected The Attachment of sadegh hedayat to delay in the mankind’ s history and culture in the many of his effects and maxims. Hedayat has tendency to division of chronological and periods of history in the his effects, minimum to the two reasons. The first to reason his Attachment to the history and second, to mind terms of chronological which in that to be current history Romans Don’ t in this article, history indications in an effect, rather become to recover for the first time, indications of one extended way of periods of mankind’ s history in the sixteen sadegh hedayat’ s effects. in the base, Afsane – ye – afarinesh, pedaran – e – adam, namak _ e – torki, tarikkhaneh, boof – e – koor, afarinegan, atash parast, takht – e – abounasr, parvin dokhtar – e – sasan, akharin labkhand, maziar, sayh moghol, topmorvari, haji agha, farad, singelele, to organize this periods.